高三英语任务型阅读试题

Is True Friendship Dying Away

Just as our daily life is becoming more technologically connected， we are losing other more meaningful relationship．

To anyone paying attention these days， it's clear that social media ﹣﹣ whether Twitter， Facebook， or Iinkedln﹣﹣ are changing the way we conduct relationship． Face﹣to﹣face chatting is giving way to texting and messaging； people even prefer these electronic exchanges to， for instance， simply talking on a phone． Among these smaller trends， growing research suggests we could be entering a period of crisis for the entire concept of friendship． Where is all this leading modern﹣day society？ Perhaps to a dark place， a lonelier society where electronic craze slowly replaces the joys of human contact．

Typically， the pressures of urban life are blamed． Witness crowded bars and restaurants after work： We have plenty of acquaintances， though perhaps few individuals we can turn to and share close relationships． American sociologists have tracked related trends on a broader scale， well beyond the urban jungle． According to work published in the American Sociological Review， the average American has only two close friends， and a quarter don't have any．

While social networking sites and the like have grown dramatically， the crucial element is the quality of the connections they establish． A connection may only be a click away， but establishing a good friendship takes more． It seems common sense to conclude that "friending" online brings about shallow relationships as the term "friending" itself implies．

No single person is at fault， of course． The pressures on friendship today are broad． They arise from the demands of work， or a general busyness that means we have less quality time for others． How many individuals would say that friendship is the most important thing in their lives， only to move thousands of miles across the continent to take up a better﹣paid job？

Of course， we learn how to make friends or not in our childhood． Recent studies on childhood and how the contemporary life of the child affects friendships are illuminating （启示）． A central conclusion often reached relates to a lack of what is called "unstructured time"． Structured time results from the way an average day is arranged for our kids time for school time for homework， time for music practice， even time for play． Yet too often today， no period is left unstructured． After all， who these days lets his child just wander off down the street？ We simply "hang out"， with no tasks， no deadlines and no pressures． It is in those moments that children and adults alike can get to know others for who they are in themselves．

Aristotle had an attractive expression to capture the thought： close friends， he observed， "share salt together．" It's not just that they sit together， passing the salt across the meal table． It's that they sit with one another across the course of their lives， sharing its moments， bitter and sweet． "The desire for friendship comes quickly； friendship does not．" Aristotle also remarked．

If there is a secret to close friendship， that's it． Put down the device； engage the person．

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高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

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Problem: On the scale of problems, “pictures of food on the Internet” is firmly first-world. And that is almost certainly a too-generous definition of “problem.” When it comes to photographing and putting your dinner on line, I say live and let live, you know? Maybe your salad was particularly inviting and pleasing that night, and I, too, have spent many an hour clicking “random” on Smitten Kitchen and salivating（流口水）.

But I assume if you’re making the effort to arrange your food artfully and preserve its memory in a digital archive, you must... like food. And want it to taste good. A recent study published in the Journal of Consumer Psychology suggests that spending time focusing on images of food makes the food itself less satisfying.

Methodology: The researchers assumed that imagining enjoying something might lead to satiation -- the feeling that makes the second piece of cake taste not-quite-as-good as the first. To test this, they had some people participate in two experiments that they were told were separate -- one in which they rated how appetizing different photos of food looked, and one in which they ate some peanuts and rated how much they enjoyed them.

A separate group of people did the same experiment again, but in the photo-rating portion, some were asked to rate how appetizing the food was or to choose a preference between two foods, and some were asked to rate the brightness of the photo itself.

Results: The more photos of food people looked at, the less they enjoyed the peanuts -- if they were looking at photos of salty food. People who looked carefully at images of sweets enjoyed the peanuts more, suggesting that imagination causes satiation only if you’re imagining a similar food. In the second experiment, participants who focused on the brightness of the photos were able to enjoy the peanuts more than those who were thinking about the deliciousness of foods while they looked at the images.

Implications: You’ll probably enjoy your food more if you don’t take a picture of it, or scroll through images of cookies at work and then eat one when you get home. This also has potential implications for advertisers, who may unknowingly be giving away satiation for free when they show images of chicken wings or whatever in front of us all day long. But luckily the study provides a hint: Try not to think about the food’s taste while you take a photo -- just focus on your composition.

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高三英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

How Your Personality Type Affects Your Health

Personalities play an important role in determining one’s behavior and habits, so it’s little wonder that your personality type has much to do with your health. Now research has found that personality traits (特点)can be important health predictors. One study even found that the personality traits exhibited during childhood are linked to self-rated health during middle age.

So how is your health influenced by your personality? Let's take two common personality types for example. One is the classic type A personality. People with this personality type tend to be more competitive, impatient, tense, and even aggressive. According to research, this personality type is associated with many negative health outcomes like high blood pressure, heart disease, increased job stress, and social isolation (孤立). So, if you tend to have some of the more negative features of a type A personality, such as a tendency to be stressed out, explore things you can to lower your chances of developing health problems. For instance, you can practice stress management skills, which can help you to better handle life's daily problems.

The other one is the “eager to please” personality type. People with this personality type tend to be accommodating, passive, and conforming (从众). Their passive nature also means they're more likely to feel hopeless or helpless in the face of a negative health event. They may also be less likely to seek help when something is wrong. When faced with a diagnosis (诊断),they may simply assume that nothing they do will make much of a difference. So, what can you do to protect your health if you tend to be a people-pleaser? Don't always place your own well-being last. Being considerate of others can be a positive trait, but be sure to take time for your own health as well. Besides, don't fall into thinking that your health is out of your hands. Instead of focusing on the external influences that affect your health, pay attention to the things that you can change through your own actions.

Why does personality have an impact on health? Why are certain traits so tied to certain diseases? The answers aren't clear, but one potential explanation is that personality impacts the ways people choose to behave and live. People who are more responsible may be more likely to make healthier choices while those who are neurotic (神经质的)may be less likely to seek medical help.

Understanding your personality might be a great way to help determine what sort of health choices or changes you need to focus on making. By being aware of the potential clangers you may face, you can turn to your health care professional and come up with a plan to minimize the clangers.

高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析

Hedonic Adaptation

Generally speaking, people often return to a set level of happiness despite life’s ups and downs. For instance, people who win the lottery tend to return to roughly their original levels of happiness after the novelty of the win has worn off. The same is true for those who are in major accidents and lose the use of their legs. The change in ability can be damaging at first, but people generally return to their pre-accident levels of happiness after the habituation period. This phenomenon is called hedonic adaptation, a concept studied by positive psychology researchers.

There are activities that are more or less affected by hedonic adaptation. Some of these activities are known as pleasures. They can lift your mood and leave you feeling wonderful, but their effects can be relatively a short time. What’s more, we get used to them relatively quickly. If you have the same meal every day for a week, for example, you may find it to be less pleasurable by the end of the week. Gratifications (满足) are also such activities affected by hedonic adaptation. They can get us into a feeling of “flow” where we don’t notice the passage of time, and where we’re thoroughly engaged in what we’re doing. Gratifications are activities that require more effort and thought, but the payoff is higher as well. The more we engage, the more we enjoy!

Knowing that pleasures don’t last long in their effects may make them seem less worth the effort than gratifications. There are reasons why they can be perfect for certain situations, however. First, they bring a quick lift in mood without a great deal of effort. This is actually quite valuable because there is significant research that shows that a lift in mood can lead to chain reaction of positive feelings. Second, gratifications do take more effort, so when you only have few minutes or a very limited amount of energy, pleasures are often the simpler and more accessible option.

Thankfully, we can do something to move away from the limiting effects of hedonic adaptation and engage in activities that can create a greater level of happiness in life. For example, be sure to make time for hobbies! It doesn’t really matter what the hobby is; as long as it’s one you enjoy, you’ll benefit from it, and these benefits will extend into the rest of your life. It’s also a good idea to help other people as this can create greater meaning in your life, and thus create greater happiness. Enjoying your positive experiences is also a great way to maximize the positive in your life. So at the end of the day, a few days a week, write about three things you enjoyed that day. Then, you’ll be reliving these positive experiences as you write about them, and can relive them again when you read.

高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

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A debate is a discussion about a subject on which people have different views. It’s a nice way of gaining a lot of knowledge and views on a topic, or situation that we aren’t either aware of, or haven’t really looked into in detail. It makes you more able to think critically and more confident in speaking. In addition, it helps in appreciating tolerance of others’ opinion and improves your listening skills.

A debate requires one to know how to use words and intelligence to overcome his or her opposing team members. To give great arguments during a debate, first you need to get your facts right. To make what you have in material for a debate contain facts, don’t just depend on the Internet, especially avoid just referring to one website for all your information. You are also required to refer to books, and make sure they’re authors of a high degree, since their materials have reference notes and extensive research projects done on what they are covering.

Second, you should be full of confidence. You need to show that you’re sure of what you’re saying, and point out how flawed their comeback arguments were. The only way to do this is to thoroughly know your material before heading on out to a debate session. Know your statistics, know your history and above all know names, dates and places. Make key notes to refer to. Don’t stammer (口吃), and also don’t level your gaze with your opponent or the rest of them. All this will help you keep confident.

At last, by no means should you lose your calmness, but keep your voice firm and raised enough to sound calm. A good team member should know how to keep his emotions in control as well as keep others under control in his/her team.

高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析

Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colors in the world? Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain color? Biology and history are the two reasons for this.

Skin contains something called melanin, which determines a person’s skin color. The more melanin a person has, the darker his or her skin will be. The amount of and the production of melanin are controlled by genetics, but can be affected by other things, such as sunlight. If a person lives in a place with less sunlight, a person’s body will produce less melanin, making the skin lighter.

Skin color is also affected by another source ---- vitamin D. humans all need vitamin D to build bones. People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk, or from sunlight, so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production. Therefore, a dark—skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light—skinned person when they received the same amount of sunlight.

The connection between vitamin D production and skin color is clear when we look at evolution. The earliest humans lived in Africa, their dark skin produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin. As a result, their skin made less melanin, so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair. Now, people living in areas with strong sunlight like Africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter skin. The exception to this is the Inuit, who live in a place with little sunlight, but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D.

Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colors. Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin color. What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived. This has in turn changed our melanin production, and eventually, skin color.

高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Many people believe that classical music is not relevant music is not relevant to young people today . However, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.

Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people .For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert , the majority is over the age of fifty.

Others say it is more popular than we first imagine . Many young people listen to classical music without realising .It is often used in films and advertisements. For example.a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup . Not many people could have given its name , but millions enjoyed it .

Also,some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop music.

However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. To play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don't need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the comfort of their own bedroom.

A final point to in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces　 for large orchestras(管弦乐队).This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is relevant to young people.

So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments , but when it comes to enjoying classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world than they realise!

高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggests.

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives, mostly by reducing preventable deaths from heart and lung diseases, according to studies released Wednesday and published in a special issue of The Lancet British medical journal.

“Relying on fossil fuels leads to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing our chances of getting sick and in some cases takes years from our lives,” US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a telecast briefing from her home state of Kansas. “As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This is not a small effect.”

“Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem,” said Linda Birnbaum, director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative, the researchers confirmed, based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as eliminating cook stoves that burn dung, charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.

“And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people,” doctors said.

“Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change,” said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Wilkinson said the individual studies came up with numbers of premature deaths prevented or extra years of life added for certain locales.

For example, switching to low-polluting cars in London and Delhi, India, would save 160 lost years of life in London and nearly 1,700 in Delhi for every million residents, one study found. But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7, 300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.

高三英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析

阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填人最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

A debate is a discussion about a subject on which people have different views. It’s a nice way of gaining a lot of knowledge and views on a topic, or situation that we aren’t either aware of, or haven’t really looked into in detail. It makes you more able to think critically and more confident in speaking. In addition, it helps in appreciating tolerance of others’ opinion and improves your listening skills.

A debate requires one to know how to use words and intelligence to overcome his or her opposing team members. To give great arguments during a debate, first you need to get your facts right. To make what you have in material for a debate contain facts, don’t just depend on the Internet, especially avoid just referring to one website for all your information. You are also required to refer to books, and make sure they’re authors of a high degree, since their materials have reference notes and extensive research projects done on what they are covering.

Second, you should be full of confidence. You need to show that you’re sure of what you’re saying , and point out how flawed their comeback arguments were. The only way to do this is to thoroughly know your material before heading on out to a debate session. Know your statistics, know your history and above all know names, dates and places. Make key notes to refer to. Don’t stammer (口吃), and also don’t level your gaze with your opponent or the rest of them. All this will help you keep confident.

At last, by no means should you lose your calmness, but keep your voice firm and raised enough to sound calm. A good team member should know how to keep his emotions in control as well as keep others under control in his/ her team.

高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析

请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填人一个最恰当的单词。

The term remote management is used to describe any process in which he controlling device is not physically attached to the actual unit. There are four aspects to this process: the communication method, the level of control, the operator training and the performance(性 能) issues. The remote management system is primarily used to improve safety and increase productivity.

Remote management can be applied to many fields such as the construction, mining, transportation and information technology industries. There are more and more devices that can be managed remotely because of the improved quality of computer programming and system designs. The increased leverage(影响力) of this technology is providing new opportunities for machine and heavy equipment design.

The communication method used in a remote management system is dependent upon the intended application. For example, communication with a drilling machine in a mine cannot be based on a clear line of sight between the operator and the machine. Instead, a dedicated radio frequency or wireless communication channel is needed. The number of other machines and units controlled via a remote management system has a huge impact on the effectiveness of the communication method. Each unit must be controlled separately, with no interference from other devices,

The level of control provided via remote management is also very important. Initially, most of the equipment was very large, and the technology was used to get close enough for manual control. However, operators now require a high degree of precision and control. The tools used to control the equipment are so sophisticated(精良的)that they can be used to create a program or to move the machine in very small progress.

The remote management operator typically sits in a separate location and is responsible for controlling the equipment based on video feed similar information. The training required to work with this type of equipment is usually provided by the employer, because every system is different. The increased use of these tools has resulted in the development of short courses and training programs designed specifically to increase the skill level of the operator.

One of the challenges of remote management is related to overall performance. Operator expectations can be excessively influenced by images in the media of remote controlled robots that can be easily controlled with great precision. In fact, a significant amount of programming and effort is required to complete a process with a remote controlled device. Most of the adjustments that an operator would make require additional time to carry out in this model.

高三英语任务型阅读中等难度题查看答案及解析