-
When you turn on the radio, you hear an advertisement. When you watch television, you hear and see an advertisement. If you turn the pages of a newspaper or magazine, again you find an advertisement. If you walk down the street, you see one advertising board after another. All day, every day, people who want to sell you something compete to catch your attention. As a result, advertisements are almost everywhere.
In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work. Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned. The government does not give them money. So where does the money come from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.
Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of “keeping your name before the public”. And some people thought that advertising was “truth well told”. Now more and more people describe it in this way: Advertising is the paid , nonpersonal, and usually persuasive description of goods, services and ideas by identified sponsors(出资者) through various media.
First, advertising is usually paid for. Various sponsors pay for the advertisements we see, read, and hear over the various media. Second, advertising is nonpersonal. It is not face to face communication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you. In reality, it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it tells people to do something. All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can do good to them. Fourth, the sponsor of the advertisement must be identified. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a company, or an organization, or an individual. Fifth, advertising reaches us through traditional and nontraditional mass media. Included in the traditional media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and films. Nontraditional media includes the mail, matchbox covers and billboards.
1.According to the passage, who are most probably paying for the advertisements?
A. Companies. B. Organizations. C. Individuals. D. All of the above.
2.The existence of the privately owned mass media depends financially on______.
A. the government B. their owners’ families C. advertisements
D. the audience
3.Which of the following is considered nontraditional mass media?
A. Newspapers B. The mail C. Magazines D. Films
4.According to the passage, which of the following statements about the features of advertisements is NOT true?
A. Advertising must be honest and amusing.
B. Advertising is meant for large groups of people.
C. Advertising tells people to do something directly or indirectly.
D. The sponsors are always mentioned in the advertisements.
-
In the United States 84 colleges now accept just women. Most of them were established in the 19th century; they were designed to offer women the education they could not receive anywhere else. At that time major universities and colleges accepted only men. In the past 20 years many young women have chosen to study at colleges that accept both men and women. As a result some women’s colleges decided to accept men students too. Others, however, refused to change. Now these schools are popular again
The president of Trinity College in Washington, D. C. said that by the end of the 1980s women began to recognize that studying at the same school with men did not mean women were having an equal chance to learn. The president of Smith College in Massachusetts says a women’s college permits women to choose classes and activities freely. For example, she says that in a women’s college a higher percentage of students studies mathematics than in a college with both men and women.
Educational experts say men students in the United States usually speak in class more than women students do. In a women’s college, women feel free to say what they think. Women’s schools also bring out leadership capabilities in many women. Women are represented everywhere. For example, at a women’s college every governing office is held by a woman. Recent studies reportedly show this leadership continues after college. The studies show that American women who went to women’s colleges are more likely to hold successful jobs later in life.
1.Some women’s colleges decided to accept men students because_______.
A. teaching women is more difficult than teaching men
B. many young women chose to study at colleges with both men and women
C. study with men is more challenged.
D. women and men can have equal chances of competition.
2.From the passage we know that_______.
A. more and more women’s colleges are being established now
B. more and more women like to study in colleges with both men and women
C. there are more women’s colleges than colleges with both men and women in the USA
D. it is better for American women to study in women’s colleges
3.According to this passage, if a woman wants to hold successful jobs, she’d better_______.
A. study in colleges with both men and women
B. study in Trinity College
C. learn from the president of Smith College
D. study in women’s colleges
4.Most of women’s colleges were established_______.
A. to give women the education they could not receive anywhere else.
B. to separate women from men.
C. to offer women special chances for work.
D. to help women have more study opportunities.
-
Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week. “It’s a well-known pattern,” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.”
He points out that differences among households (家庭) exist. But in general, marriage means more housework for women and less for men. “And the situation gets worse for women when they have children.” Stafford said.
Overall, times are changing in the American home. In 1976, women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweeping-and-dusting work, compared with 17 hours in 2005. Men are taking on more housework, more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005.
Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework, about 12 weekly hours, while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most – about 21 hours a week.
Men showed a somewhat different pattern, with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men. Single men worked the hardest around the house, more than that of all other age groups of married men.
Having children increases housework even further. With more than three children , for example, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands’ 10 hours.
1. How many hours of housework did men do every week in the 1970s?
A. About 28 B. About 26 C. About 13 D. About 6
2.What kind of man is doing most housework according to the text?
A. An unmarried man. B. An older married man.
C. A younger married man. D. A married man with children.
3.What can we conclude from Stafford’s research?
A. Marriage gives men more freedom.
B. Marriage has effects on job choices.
C. Housework sharing changes over time.
D. Having children means doubled housework.
4.According to the “well-known pattern” in Paragraph 1, a married man ________.
A. takes on heavier work B. does more housework
C. is the main breadwinner D. is the master of the house
-
Many young people want to be pop stars. Pop stars are rich. Many people think they are leading a happy and easy life. In fact, they have very hard lives. They spend much of their time on travel. Sometimes the travel is interesting, but in most time it is boring to pop stars. The following chart is a day’s life of a pop star.
| Feb. 10, 2007 |
| 5:00 | Woke up and had breakfast in the hotel, packed bags. Took taxi to airport. |
| 7:30 | Plane took off half an hour later than usual for the bad weather. |
| 8:30 | Plane landed. Waited for luggage for half an hour. Signed for fans at the airport. |
| 9:45 | Arrived at the hotel and had a short rest. |
| 10:00 | Started out to attend the meeting with fans and gave an interview to the local reporters. |
| 11:00 | Went to radio station to attend the live show. |
| 12:00 | Had lunch with local producer. |
| 13:00 | Went to theatre and prepared for the night’s show. The lighting of the theatre was good, but the band did poorly. |
| 17:00 | Back to hotel. Tried to have a rest. Still worried about the band. |
| 18:00 | Had supper, but ate little. |
| 18:30 | Went to theatre again and got ready for show. |
| 19:00 | Sang very well, and audience gave a warm welcome. The band improved a little. |
| 22:00 | Show was over. Very tired from it. |
| 23:00 | Back to hotel. Took a bath. Too excited to sleep, so watched TV |
| 0:00 | Fell asleep, with TV on. |
1.According to the chart, the pop star was a ________.
A. singer B. dancer C. player D. pianist.
2.According to his plan, his plane should have taken off at _______.
A. 6:30 B. 7:00 C. 7:30 D.:8:00
3. At the radio station, the pop star ________.
A. showed fans how to become famous B. gave a performance on the air
C. met fans and signed for them D. told people how he lived his life
4.From this passage we get to know that ________.
A. not all people like pop stars B. pop stars have their own bands
C. fans are troublesome for pop stars D. to be a pop star is not all fun
-
If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, lift his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn’t work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (鼻孔)together with your fingers .Open you mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth ,and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.
To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If , in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey color, you can feel no pulse(脉搏). Then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.
With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don’t be too hard or you may break a rib (肋骨). Check how effective you are by seeing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.
1.This passage is mainly about __________. .
A. how to save people out of the water
B. how to give first aid to people who are drowning
C. how to do mouth-to –mouth breathing
D. how to save a child from a river
2.Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you must first _______.
A. get him breathing again
B. take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible
C. find someone to help you
D. call the First Aid Center
3. If the drowning boy has no pulse, ____________.
A. pressing his chin upwards in enough to get him breathing
B. blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life
C. pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work
D. pressing is the last chance of saving his life
4.Which of the following statements is true?
A. If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.
B. If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth –to – mouth breathing.
C. Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.
D. When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.
