Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录)of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(独立的)spirit in their work.
Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标)that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.
1.Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?
A. Top managers. B. Language learners.
C. Serious educators. D. Science organizations.
2.The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in paragraph 2 probably mean ______.
A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching
3.Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ________.
A. he developed a new method of testing
B. he called for free spirit in research
C. he was still active in giving advice
D. he still led the EightYear Study
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
The digital revolution is both launching us into a no-handwriting future, and also sending us backwards in time to when the spoken words ruled. But that’s not necessarily a bad thing.
“I don’t think kids should be assessed on their ability to master cursive(草书). It’s not something that they are going to use much in their lives as they grow older. It’s not something most of us adults use in our lives today. ” Anne Trubek, an author, suggests that schools offer handwriting or cursive as an elective or art class in the future.
“Focus on how to teach kids to express their ideas, how to organize their thoughts, how to make arguments” she says. “The forming of the letters are less important. And there are certainly many ways to individualize what you write beyond the way you’ve circled the ‘I’ or crossed your ‘T’.”
“This myth that handwriting is just a motor skill (运动技能) is just plain wrong,” Virginia Berninger said. “We use motor parts of our brain, motor planning, motor control, but what’s very critical is a region of our brain where the visual and language come together and actually become letters and written words.”
“A lot of people are very stubborn about the importance of handwriting, but at the same time will admit they never write themselves,” Trubek says.
Trubek suggests, however, that handwriting keeps some value – for now. “ For us today, in the 21st century America, handwriting represents something individual and unique about a person. It doesn’t always mean that in previous times in history, and it won’t always mean that in the future, but right now for us we relate our sense of self to our handwriting. ”
1.How does Trubek feel about the handwriting?
A. It’s useless. B. It’s only an art.
C. It’s less important. D. It’s meaningful.
2.Virginia Berninger’s attitude to the use of handwriting is ______.
A. indifferent B. doubtful
C. favorable D. disapproving
3.What do we know from the last paragraph?
A. Handwriting still keeps some value today.
B. Handwriting represents previous times in history.
C. Handwriting reflects the past and the future.
D. The computer makes handwriting out of date.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show people’s worry about future.
B. To discuss the importance of handwriting.
C. To introduce something about handwriting.
D. To encourage people to practice handwriting.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
CHICAGO(Reuters)－Smoking not only can wrinkle (皱纹) the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body－even skin protected from the sun.
“We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarette smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced, ”Dr. Yolanda, who led the study, said in a statement.
“In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years. ” Yolanda’s team added in their report.
The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged, in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person’s skin was.
When skin is exposed to sunlight, especially the face, it becomes coarse(粗糙的), wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow color, Yolanda's team wrote.
Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking led to premature(过早的)skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.
The previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels(血管)beneath the skin to constrict(紧缩), reducing blood supply to the skin.
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue(组织)that supports both die skin and the internal organs (器官).
1.The best title for this passage would be ______________.
A. The danger of smoking B. Smoking causes skin aging
C. Quit smoking for health D. A survey of smokers
2.It can be inferred from the study _____________.
A. smoking won’t affect skin protected from the sun
B. smoking will do damage to skin rather than other organs
C. smokers over 65 usually won’t worry about their skin
D. the age of smokers is not connected with the result of the test
3.When your skin is exposed to sunlight long, it becomes all of the following but _________.
A. flexible B. coarse
C. rough D. discolored
4.The main purpose of the passage is to ____________.
A. inform people about the study of skin.
B. advise people how to protect skin
C. warn people not to smoke again
D. introduce a new way of avoid skin aging
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Psychology says that many are unwilling to take risks. It’s human nature to be nervous about putting ourselves on the line, whether physically or emotionally. But it’s good for us to do that once in a while, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. 1.
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some just sit and wish they would not have the fear to move on because of one or two failures in their lives. Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. 2..
In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances. 3.. This risk-taking attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Roller Coasters and bungee jumping are two common risk-taking activities that even the average person seems to enjoy despite the logical understanding that danger is not fun. This psychological connection creates an interesting connection between what is safe and what human enjoys.
Without taking risks, nothing good can happen. Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk.4.. We need to take risks so that we can accomplish things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside of a rocket; however, the things they achieve are literally astronomical. Investors take a risk when they buy parts of a company. However, without doing that, they couldn’t receive money on their investment.
5.. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking a risk. That is all part of the game. It’s not one of the most important parts of life.
A.Move forward and move on
B.There is no such thing as a perfect safety.
C.In that way, we become stronger and braver.
D.Thus, we will achieve more success in daily life.
E.We need to take risks so that we can gain something.
F.You must spend more time thinking about the strategies of risk.
G.Risk-taking is a benefit that allowed ancient people to discover new places.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
Learning to Accept
I learned how to accept life as it is from my father. ______ , he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy, but rather when he was ______ and ill.
My father was _____ a strong man who loved being active, but a terrible illness ____ all that away. Now he can no longer walk, and he must sit quietly in a chair all day. Even talking is ______. One night, I went to visit him with my sisters. We started ______ about life, and I told them about one of my ____ . I said that we must very often give things up ______we grow—our youth, our beauty, our friends—but it always ______ that after we give something up, we gain something new in its place. Then suddenly my father ______ up. He said, “But, Peter, I gave up ______! What did I gain?” I thought and thought, but I could not think of anything to say. _______ , he answered his own question: “I ______ the love of my family.” I looked at my sisters and saw tears in their eyes, along with hope and thankfulness.
I was also ______ by his words. After that, when I began to feel irritated (恼怒的) at someone, I ______ remember his words and become _____ . If he could replace his great pain with a feeling of love for others, then I should be ______ to give up my small irritations. In this ______, I learned the power of acceptance from my father.
Sometimes I ______ what other things I could have learned from him if I had listened more carefully when I was a boy. For now, though, I am grateful for this one ______ .
1.A. Afterwards B. Therefore C. However D. Meanwhile
2.A. tired B. weak C. poor D. slow
3.A. already B. still C. only D. once
4.A. took B. threw C. sent D. put
5.A. impossible B. difficult C. stressful D. hopeless
6.A. worrying B. caring C. talking D. asking
7.A. decisions B. experiences C. ambitions D. beliefs
8.A. as B. since C. before D. till
9.A. suggests B. promises C. seems D. requires
10.A. spoke B. turned C. summed D. opened
11.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
12.A. Surprisingly B. Immediately C. Naturally D. Certainly
13.A. had B. accepted C. gained D. enjoyed
14.A. touched B. astonished C. attracted D. warned
15.A. should B. could C. would D. might
16.A. quiet B. calm C. relaxed D. happy
17.A. ready B. likely C. free D. able
18.A. case B. form C. method D. way
19.A. doubt B. wonder C. know D. guess
20.A. award B. gift C. lesson D. word
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beer and fried chicken — this combo (组合餐)has recently become the 1.(popular) late-night snack eaten inside dorms and documented in weibo and WeChat updates. Thanks to the popular South Korean drama Man From the Stars, this new mix-and-match junk food trend has been very popular 2. young audiences despite its 3.(healthy) nature. Indeed, K-dramas have been 4. major force in the South Korean pop culture wave 5. has captured (捕获) the hearts of young Chinese. Apart from pretty faces, fashion is 6. exciting part. Critics and Industry insiders agree that the recipe for K-dramas’ success 7.(consist) of several main ingredients— handsome and cute stars 8.(dress) in the latest fashion trends, youth fantasies, and 9.(create) storylines (故事情节）. With love triangles, serious diseases, and Cinderella tales, the storylines in K-drama might seem commonplace. Man From the Stars challenges this norm by 10. (combine) aliens and time travel into these standard stories.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
下面短文有10处语言错误, 请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧）, 并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及修改均仅限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
Last month we bought our two-year-old daughter a little dog. There are not many children of her age there we live, and we thought a dog would make her feel less alone. We were right. They play together happy. Our daughter now smiles and laughs a lot more than she used. It is just like having two children in the house. All of them are very untidy, but they cry when they do not get what they want. The dog is easy to look after than my daughter. He always ate up all his food and we don’ t have piles of dirty clothes to wash. My wife is also happy because that I have given up smoke. The dog doesn't like the smell.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假如你是红星中学李华，你写信建议你的美国朋友(George) 来参加中国日报(China Daily) 专门为外国人举办的2018 “最美中国”（Amazing China）手机摄影大赛。信的内容包括：
1.作品内容及要求
2.提交时间及方式
3.表示愿意提供帮助
注意：1、词数100左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3、开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear George,
How is everything going?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
难度: 困难查看答案及解析