2015-2016学年湖南省高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.

1.What is found out about American seniors?

A. Most of them have good habits.

B. About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day

C. All of them are fighting germs better than expected.

D. Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.

2.Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands______.

A. three times a day　　　　　　 B. twice a day

C. eight times a day　　　　　　 D. four times a day

3.Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.

B. There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.

C. We should keep from touching our faces.

D. We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem— inability to read.

In the library, I found my way into the “Children’s Room.” I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle. Without opening the book titled Amos, the Beagle with a Plan, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.

Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book.

My mother’s call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.

I never told my mother about my “miraculous” (奇迹般地) experience that summer, but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.

1.The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to_____.

A. encourage him to do more walking

B. help cure him of his reading problem

C. let him spend a meaningful summer

D. make him learn more about weapons

2.The book caught the author’s eye because_____.

A. it contained pretty pictures of animals

B. he found its title easy to understand

C. he was reminded of his own dog

D. he liked children’s stories very much

3.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A. The author’s mother rewarded him with books.

B. The author’s mother read the same book.

C. The author has become a successful writer.

D. The author has had happy summers ever since.

4.Which one could be the best title of the passage?

A. My Passion for Reading

B. Mum’s Strict Order

C. Reunion with My Beagle

D. The Charm of a Book

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.

For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved (毫无掩饰的).

In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.

In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicated (复杂的) .

My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.

I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.

Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.

We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we’ve got to have. We’re so self-conscious about our “right” to it that it’s making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.

Happiness isn’t about what happens to us—it’s about how we see what happens to us. It’s the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative. It’s not wishing for what we don’t have, but enjoying what we do possess.

1.As one grows older, one ______.

A. tends to believe responsibility means happiness

B. associates his/her happiness less with others

C. will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness

D. feels it harder to experience happiness

2.What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?

A. She cares little about her own health.

B. She is easily satisfied by things in daily life.

C. She enjoys the freedom of traveling.

D. She prefers getting pleasure from housework.

3.People who equal happiness with wealth and success ______.

A. pay too much attention to their right to happiness

B. consider pressure something blocking their way

C. are at a loss to make correct choices

D. are more likely to be happy

4.Which of the following can best explain the main idea of the passage?

A. God helps those who help themselves.

B. Each man is the master of his own fate.

C. Happy is he who is content.

D. Success leads to happiness.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Health experts have long known that vitamin D is important for healthy bones and teeth. It may also help to protect the body against diseases such as diabetes and cancer. And now, researchers say vitamin D might help fight brain diseases called dementia (痴呆).

Dementia is a brain disease that damages thinking and memory processes, which scientists call “cognitive (认知) abilities.” Dementia is difficult to treat. Taking care of someone who has dementia is extremely demanding. And the disease is very frightening to sufferers. Chris Roberts suffers from dementia. He says the worst part of living with this disease was getting lost while driving. “The worst thing that I found was getting lost in the car, not just forgetting where I was going— I wouldn’t know where I was.” More than 47 million people around the world suffer from dementia. The World Health Organization reports that 60 percent of them live in low- and middle-income countries.

We get vitamin D from some foods like nuts, lentils (扁豆) and fatty fish. We also get vitamin D from the sun. But that is not dependable. In some parts of the world, there is not enough sunlight to provide enough vitamin D. Also, sunblock prevents the vitamin from entering the body. To add to the problem, the skin’s ability to process vitamin D weakens as a person ages.

Researchers at Rutgers University in New Jersey are exploring the relationship between vitamin D and dementia. The team recently measured vitamin D levels and cognitive ability in older people. Nutritional sciences professor Joshua Miller led the team. He said cognitive abilities differed among the study subjects. He said tests showed that about 60 percent of the group was low in vitamin D.

1.Which of the following is true about vitamin D?

A. Vitamin D can decrease people’s risk of heart diseases.

B. Vitamin D helps the body fight against cancer.

C. Vitamin D is mainly obtained from the sun.

D. The need for Vitamin D decreases as people age.

2.What does the underlined word “demanding” mean in Paragraph 2?

A. Boring but rewarding.

B. Disturbing and frightening.

C. Disgusting and stressful.

D. Hard and tiresome.

3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A. How vitamin D affects people’s health.

B. Where people get vitamin D.

C. Whether sunlight can produce vitamin D.

D. Why people’s age influences the production of vitamin D.

4.Where can we most probably read the passage?

A. In a travel brochure.

B. In a literature magazine.

C. In a science journal.

D. In a commercial advertisement.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

For the question of how to set goals, we have a very simple process that you can go through to set your personal goals. 1.

Identify your personal values and task statements. 2. If you can identity your personal values, your personal goal will not go wrong. The starting point of all achievements is desire.

3. After you know your personal values, find out what you really want to achieve in every life aspect. Life has many aspects and in order to lead a happy life, you should set goals in every aspect.

Write your goals down. Please pay attention to this. 4. If not, they will only become dreams. You should limit your goals to between 5 and 6 at any one time. To achieve your goals you have to focus your efforts and energy. As you progress and complete your goals, you may add new goals.

Develop a personal action plan. You need to make a detailed schedule according to your goals. Develop a personal action plan and follow it.

Review your progress and update your goals accordingly. 5. If not, analyze why the goal is not being met. Find a coach or friend to help you if you have trouble. Realize your goals step by step. Find out more of monitoring the process of goal setting.

A. Make sure you are making progress.

B. Your personal value is the big direction.

C. Figure out the goals you want to achieve.

D. It’s true that goal setting is a lifelong process.

E. If you want to succeed, you need prepare well.

F. You must write your goals down on a piece of paper.

G. These steps can help you achieve your goals more easily.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

It was the middle of third grade and I was not sure what had got into me. I lied about many things—I lied I had eaten all my dinner, when _______I buried it in the trash can. I lied that I had _______ my bed, when clearly I had not. My lies were not _______ anyone, but for some reason I felt the 　 _______ to tell lies on an impulse (冲动) that didn’t feel like my own. I was labeled(贴标签) a liar.

One day my _______ and I were invited to spend the weekend with my aunt. We all loved it as she 　 _______ us very much. And she was an _______ artist. She had cool pencils, erasers and other supplies that any young girl would love to get her hands on. _______ it happened…someone _______ one of Aunt Kim’s good art erasers and rubbed it across the entire top of the TV. The eraser _______ the shiny finish on the TV’s casing. All the three of us were called into the TV room and asked to admit. _______ did! Aunt Kim told us how _______ she was.

The next thing I knew was that she was on the phone with my parents _______ they were on their way to picking me up. It _______ be me! I was the liar. I argued, but no one _______ . And then before dinner there was a knock at the front door! Aunt Kid was standing there. It _______ that my younger sister finally felt guilty! She _______ that she was the one who rubbed the eraser on the TV. I was invited back!

A lie may _______ the present, but it has no future. No matter how big or small your lies are, 　 _______ you are labeled a liar, earning _______ takes a lot of work and time.

1.A. similarly　　　　　 B. actually　　　　　　 C. naturally　　　　　　 D. wisely

2.A. made　　　　　　　　 B. washed　　　　　　　 C. moved　　　　　　　　 D. fixed

3.A. winning　　　　　　 B. reflecting　　　　 C. hurting　　　　　　　 D. inviting

4.A. chance　　　　　　　 B. change　　　　　　　 C. duty　　　　　　　　　 D. need

5.A. sisters　　　　　　 B. friends　　　　　　 C. classmates　　　　　 D. brothers

6.A. Disturbed　　　　　 B. adored　　　　　　　 C. abandoned　　　　　　 D. doubted

7.A. honest　　　　　　　 B. amazing　　　　　　 C. innocent　　　　　　 D. abnormal

8.A. Again　　　　　　　　 B. Soon　　　　　　　　 C. Finally　　　　　　　 D. Then

9.A. took　　　　　　　　 B. produced　　　　　　 C. invented　　　　　　 D. sold

10.A. added　　　　　　　 B. improved　　　　　　 C. ruined　　　　　　　　 D. founded

11.A. Somebody　　　　　 B. Anybody　　　　　　 C. Nobody　　　　　　　　 D. Everybody

12.A. Satisfied　　　　 B. terrified　　　　　 C. moved　　　　　　　　 D. disappointed

13.A. and 　　　　　　　　 B. while 　　　　　　 C. but 　　　　　　　　 D. for

14.A. used to　　　　　　 B. had to　　　　　　　 C. would rather　　　　 D. had better

15.A. waited　　　　　　 B. disagreed　　　　　 C. listened　　　　　　 D. stopped

16.A. seemed　　　　　　 B. sounded　　　　　　 C. figured out　　　　 D. turned out

17.A. Admitted　　　　　 B. realized　　　　　　 C. promised　　　　　　 D. swore

18.A. make fun of　　　 B. take care of　　　 C. take off　　　　　　 D. break down

19.A. until　　　　　　　 B. unless　　　　　　　 C. whether　　　　　　　 D. once

20.A. Independence　　 B. kindness　　　　　　 C. trust　　　　　　　　 D. Wealth

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

While I was on vacation last week, I decided to visit some restaurants 1. (try) some local food. However, I didn’t know about the types of restaurants available, so I checked an online restaurant guide to give me some ideas and tips. I was 2. (main) interested in seafood restaurants, so I searched 3. restaurants within a reasonable walking distance from my hotel, and I 4. (find) seven of them. Next, I reviewed the online menus of the places to check the 5. (dish) they prepared and the average cost of a meal. However, price is not my first 　 6. (consider); I enjoy a restaurant 7. has a wide selection. Next, a restaurant’s background music, decorations and wall hangings, seats and tables can always add to the dining experience. If I go to a Mexican restaurant, I will expect to see 8. restaurant decorated in the Mexican style. Finally, I always consult restaurant reviews to find out what other people thought about the restaurant and 9. (they) experiences. What was the quality of the food? Did the server provide fast and friendly service? 10. (do) some research before you go can make dining a more pleasurable and predictable experience.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

短文改错。

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Sir,

I’m writing to apply to be one of the volunteer for the Winter Olympic Games to be held in 2022.

I’m Li Hua, a 18-year-old boy who loves doing sports regular in my spare time. I love sports so much that I can devote all my energy to serve the game. Besides, I can speak English fluently, which make me more qualified to help foreigners. Meanwhile, not only do I have the ability to organize activities, and I am outgoing and energetic, which benefits to me in communication with strangers.

I believe I suitable for the position. I would appreciate that if you consider my application and offered me the opportunity.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

假定你是李华，与留学生朋友John约好下周六下午一起去看电影，因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：

1. 表示歉意；

2. 说明原因；

3. 另约时间。

注意： 1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

难度: 中等查看答案及解析