Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist… Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect Christopher Wren.
Hooke's early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal Society of London — meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating (展示) new experiments at the society’s weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes. He invented a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing a cork (软木塞) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cells — the smallest units of life. In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term “cell” as the box-like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery (修道院).
Another achievement of Hooke’s was his book Micrographia, which introduced the enormous potential of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion (燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.
Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater (火山口) on the moon is named after him in honour of his services to this branch of science.
1.Which is the possible reason why Hooke accepted the job as Curator of Experiments?
A.He liked designing experiments.
B.His family needed his support.
C.He wanted to please the famous scientists in England.
D.His parents couldn’t afford his education.
2.What does the underlined word “pastimes” in paragraph three mean?
A.Jobs B.Experiments
C.Hobbies D.Structures
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A.Hooke went to Oxford in 1645.
B.Hooke was well paid in the Royal Society of London.
C.Hooke made a contribution to medicine.
D.Hooke's book Micrographia may have helped Newton.
4.The last paragraph is to prove that ________.
A.Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century
B.Hooke was good at making discoveries
C.Hooke's contributions were not limited to one field
D.Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
“When I grow up, I want to be a runner.” These words are spoken by thousands of Kenyan children. 50 percent of the Kenyan top runners are members of Kalenjin, one minority race of the country. They make up less than two percent of Kenya’s population. This fact has puzzled sports scientists. They have spent considerable time and effort trying to answer one question: What enables the Kalenjin people to run so fast?
Although the question seems simple, finding the answer has proven to be difficult and controversial. A team of Danish sports scientists spent 18 months and discovered the Kalenjins had remarkably slow heart rates even when running long distances. The Kalenjins live in high-elevation（高海拔） villages in the Rift Valley in western Kenya. People living at high elevations produce more red blood cells, which aid in the transport of oxygen throughout the body. Because the air is thinner and contains less oxygen at high elevations, the body produces more red blood cells. Scientists believe there is a connection between increased red blood cells and low heart rates and that both may enable high-altitude athletes to outperform those who train at low altitudes. The Danish scientists also studied the bodies of the Kalenjins and compared them to those of the Danes. They found that the Kalenjins have longer “birdlike” legs. The Kalenjins also have lower body mass indexes (a measure of body fat based on weight and height) and shorter bodies than Danish people.
As a result of the Danish study, some scientists made the conclusion that the Kalenjins possess what is called a “speed gene(基因)”. However, Kenyan runners were offended by this conclusion They credited their success to hard work and endless hours of training.
Although the controversy over the “speed gene” remains unsolved, British runner Mo Farah’s experience offers an interesting perspective on the subject. In 2005, he realized he wasn’t meeting his potential as a runner. A group of Kenyan runners were training in England then. After he accidentally observed the Kenyans’ strict training routines and dedication to their sport, Farah said it was like a switch had been turned on in his head. He began eating healthy foods, going to bed early, and training harder than he had ever trained in his life. As a result, Farah’s running career exploded. He has won seven world and Olympic titles in the 5000m and regularly beats Kenya’s top runners!
Farah’s story proves what Kenyans have known all along. Regardless of genetics, their success would not be possible without hard work, dedication, sacrifice, and mental toughness. Their “secret” is simple. Train hard, run fast, and never give up.
1.What interested the sports scientists?
A.Kenyan sports history.
B.Kanlenjins’ running ability.
C.Kanlenjins’ training methods.
D.Kenyans’ enthusiasm for sport.
2.According to Danish scientists, what leads to the Kanlenjins’ success?
A.Physical condition. B.Hard training.
C.Living style. D.Strong will.
3.How did Kenyan runners think about Danish research result?
A.Convincing. B.Astonishing.
C.Unacceptable. D.Important.
4.Why is Mo Farah’s story mentioned in the passage?
A.To show running methods count.
B.To encourage British athletes.
C.To prove effort pays off.
D.To support gene theory.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Holidays in Spain not only mean visiting the tourist attractions or enjoying the thrills of bullfight, but also are charming because of the various options for entertainment in Spain.
Getting in
Reaching Spain by air from London to Barcelona takes 2 hours; London to Madrid is 2 hours and 20 minutes and to Malaga is 2 hours and 45minutes. The journey from New York to Madrid is 8 hours and 35 minutes.
Things to do
If you want affordable entertainment and leisure in Spain, go to the streets. In Spain, walking across the streets is known as the “paseo”, in which the entire Spanish families move forward clapping out flamenco rhythms. This is the best occasion to know Spanish culture better.
If you want some indoor options for fun, come to the movie houses, which are luxurious and provide the bar service. Here, you can watch films translated into Spanish and be prepared to watch horror films, cowboy films, etc. If you have a taste for drama and play, you can enjoy performances in theaters, where you can watch plays of Spanish authors as well as translations of foreign plays. There are typical nightclubs which are open till 2:00 a.m. or 3:00 a.m., and you need to be formally dressed up.
There are circuses of very high quality and also a lot of options for sports lovers. Soccer has attained even more popularity than bullfight in Spain. Then, there are other sports like boxing, bicycle races, horse races, and in the Basque region, handball.
Tips
Though you may think that this country is warm, it can be very cold in winter, so you need proper clothing when you come here. Further, direct exposure to sunlight for long duration should be avoided to prevent sunburn and heatstroke.
1.How long does it probably take a tourist to fly to Madrid from London?
A.120 minutes. B.140 minutes.
C.165 minutes. D.515 minutes.
2.Where is the most suitable place to learn about Spanish culture?
A.The streets. B.The nightclubs.
C.The movie houses. D.The Basque region
3.What can you do in the movie houses in Spain?
A.Enjoy the thrills of bullfight.
B.Dance clapping out flamenco rhythms.
C.Experience the bar service and watch various films.
D.Watch plays written by Spanish or foreign authors.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
A couple of weeks ago, my grandfather was explaining his favorite expression. "Nothing is ever easy? The following day, as I tried to complete my day's work, I happened to notice a bumblebee（大黄蜂）on the skylight（天窗）.The skylight was particularly high up, but I thought removing the bee would take no more than five minutes. An hour later, the bee still remained. All that had changed was that the living room was a mess and that 1 was dizzy from looking up into the sunlight. I did not expect to waste an hour on an insect so tiny, but by doing so, I understood what my grandfather meant.
It is not only time that we tend to underestimate — we don’t account for unexpected costs. We often imagine what can work in our favor but we seldom think of all the negative things that could a fleet us. However, it is important to remember that your day or week or year might nor go as planned, and that is completely normal. It is perfectly acceptable to feel challenged — even at a task you thought was simple — because that is part of life.
If you can accept that nothing will ever be easy, then life might seem slightly more manageable. In middle school. I thought high school might be easier because I could choose the classes I wanted to take. In high school I thought college might be easier because I could have a schedule（计划）best suited for myself. Yet each time, I was both wrong and disappointed. After accepting that school wouldn't（and shouldn't）be easy. I found myself with a more positive altitude and improved results.
Of course, there should be preparations made to account tor expenses or time. Doing so can only help you accomplish your goals in a better way. However, there is no need to beat ourselves up when something stands in our path. Maybe we cannot see a bee coming our way, but we can always give ourselves the extra time to catch it.
1.Why did the author mention his experience of removing a bee?
A.To share something unforgettable with us.
B.To lead us to what the author learned from it.
C.To show the unexpected costs it caused.
D.To tell us how easy it is to waste our rime.
2.Why do things often tum out to be different from what we expect?
A.We often don't take lime seriously.
B.We tend not to have enough money.
C.Unexpected things can happen.
D.It is easy to feel challenged.
3.According to the text, what does the underlined phrase "beat ourselves up" mean?
A.lo hit or kick ourselves hard, many times
B.to blame ourselves too much
C.to encourage ourselves to work hard
D.to give up ourselves
4.What is the author's purpose of writing this article?
A.To encourage people to make greater efforts.
B.To explain how to make preparations.
C.To tell us what to do when something gets in our way.
D.To persuade us not to expect things to be easy.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People all over the world seem to be 1. (interest) in the UK’s royal family. Most fans know all their names and faces and who’s next in line to the throne (王位). So famous are they that they don’t even have to use their last name. But what do they 2. (actual ) do? They don’t need money as they 3. (support ) by UK taxpayers and have a large family fortune, but they do still have to work. Most of Queen Elizabeth’s time is taken up with 4. are called “royal engagements (活动)”. These engagements include 5. (host) heads of states, diplomatic trips to other countries, parties at palaces as well as opening Parliament when a new government is formed and giving out 6. (nation) awards. Queen Elizabeth’s engagements add up 7. several hundred a year, more than Prince Harry, William and Kate’s all together. In fact the royal family has to carry out 8. average of 2,000 engagements, entertain 70,000 guests and answer 100,000 letters every year. Obviously one woman can’t do all of that and that’s where the rest of the royal family step in 9. (help). Apart from this, some members of the royal family have done jobs like other people. The most famous royal who did one of these jobs is William, Duke of Cambridge, 10. worked as an ambulance helicopter pilot.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(^) ,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2.只允许修改 10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Jenny,
Welcome to my school! When you arrive, there will be a party for you holding by my classmates. You may attend to English classes to feel a differently learning style. After that, you can go to your host family that you can experience the Chinese way of life. You can have meals together chatting anything that interests us.
The host family will also show us around some famous scenic spot. You can see people selling kites everywhere because our city was home to kites. There are many kinds of kites to choose from.
So isn't it the good idea to buy some for your friends? Write to me unless you have any questions about the schedule.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Zhang Ming
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Sometimes, when considering our own beliefs, we can find it challenging to accept other ways of life and rituals. However, close-mindedness and prejudice (偏见) are not the way to go, especially when there is so much we can learn about other cultures. Learning to accept and respect other cultures is an important step that opens your mind to the world around you and everyone’s unique differences.
Develop an open mind. Open the doors of your mind to accept what other people believe in. Try not to stereotype or brush things off when you haven’t actually taken a closer look yet. 1.
Take a look at history. The way some civilizations developed can be fascinating! 2. When you start studying, you’ll understand how things moved together to form the world we live in today. It’s a great piece of knowledge to have, so don’t rob yourself of it! There are plenty of books and sites available to fuel your curiosity. Appreciate the way different people fought for what they believed in, even if those beliefs differ from yours.
3..Sample some Italian or try your hand at cooking curry. Enjoy different foods and the different way meals are prepared. Don’t limit yourself, try everything and smile.
Talk to people. 4.It will help you understand that though they may believe and practice different things. That doesn’t make them strange or backward. Developing friendships with those from other cultures can be a really great experience.
Watching movies from different countries, like Bollywood movies or those on ancient happenings can be eye opening and help you appreciate different societies. If you’re into fashion, try sampling different culture’s dress and styles 5. If you’re having issues with racism and discrimination, try talking to someone to understand why you feel this way.
A.Try some new cooking.
B.Try doing something magical.
C.Try studying about ancient times.
D.Learn as much foreign culture as possible.
E.Talk with people from different cultures.
F.Try to get away from the personal opinions.
G.There are lots of magazines available on different fashions.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
When I read a post about taking someone to the movies, I remembered something that happened a couple of years ago.
I used to drink Coca-Cola and they had a contest where there was a ___________ inside the bottle cap. You went to a website and entered the code and maybe you _________ something. I won some ___________ Cokes. But then, I won the Grand Prize！I was surprised and ___________.
The Grand Prize was free movies for a year. What that ___________ to be was that the company sent me 52 admission tickets for a local movie theatre — they _________ one movie a week was what free movies for a year _______. All of the tickets had expiration dates（失效期）later than a year from the day I _________ them. I used quite a few taking friends to see _________.
But the best thing I did with them was that I ____________ twenty-two tickets that I had left by that time, to the local Women’s Transition House. It is a place where women and their ____________ could go when they’re ______________ domestic violence or just a bad situation in general and get help to make a ______________ start.
My work team had decided we would be a charity through which we ______________ donations for that particular Christmas. I knew that the Women’s Transition House ______________ some childcare for the women ______________ they could go for job interviews and things like that.
I put those tickets in a(n) ______________ and wrote a note on the outside, asking the Women's Transition House staff to give the movie tickets to women there ____________ the holidays to have something ____________ to do, with or without their children. It made me ____________ happy to do this.
1.A.website B.sign C.code D.note
2.A.bought B.won C.downloaded D.sought
3.A.expensive B.cheap C.delicious D.free
4.A.skeptical B.delighted C.numb D.jealous
5.A.turned over B.turned up C.turned out D.turned down
6.A.figured B.tolerated C.foresaw D.identified
7.A.occurred B.mattered C.meant D.underlined
8.A.refused B.received C.presented D.lost
9.A.plays B.movies C.performances D.matches
10.A.sold B.abandoned C.distributed D.donated
11.A.children B.partner C.family D.parents
12.A.handling B.opposing C.fleeing D.defeating
13.A.steady B.fresh C.complete D.perfect
14.A.purchased B.managed C.controlled D.collected
15.A.provided B.accepted C.supported D.postponed
16.A.but B.so C.otherwise D.or
17.A.mailbox B.timetable C.pocket D.envelope
18.A.to B.before C.over D.with
19.A.controversial B.compulsory C.entertaining D.systematic
20.A.really B.nearly C.generally D.simply
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假定你是李华.你所在的中学要征集一封英文感谢信.以致敬奋战在抗击新型冠状病毒第一线的医护人员。清你写一封感谢信参与投稿.内容包括：
1.表达谢意； 2.个人感受； 3.表达信心。
注意：1.词数100左右：
2.可以适当增加细节.以使行文连贯：
参考词汇：传染病epidemic 新型冠状病毒novel coronavirus
Dear medical workers，
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
难度: 中等查看答案及解析