Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.
In Brazil
Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours — there’s no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls.
In Singapore
Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.
In the United Arab Emirates
In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.
In Switzerland
The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others’ time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.
1.The passage is mainly about _____________.
A.communication types
B.the workplace atmosphere
C.customs and social manners
D.living conditions and standards
2.Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with their boss?
A.They put efficiency in the first place.
B.They dislike face-to-face communication.
C.They want to finish meetings as quickly as possible.
D.They are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.
3.In the UAE, when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?
A.When greeting seniors.
B.When meeting the host alone.
C.When attending a presentation.
D.When dining with business partners.
4.In which country do people care about where to put their hands at the dinner table?
A.In Brazil. B.In Singapore.
C.In the United Arab Emirate. D.In Switzerland.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Hacking our senses to boost learning power
Some schools are pumping music, noises and pleasant smells into the classroom to see if it improves exam results. Could it work? Why do songs stick in our heads? What does your school smell like? Is it noisy or peaceful?
It might not seem important, but a growing body of research suggests that smells and sounds can have an impact on learning, performance and creativity. Indeed, some head teachers have recently taken to broadcasting noises and pumping smells into their schools to see whether it can boost grades. Is there anything in it? And if so, what are the implications for the way we work and study?
There is certainly some well-established research to suggest that some noises can have a harmful effect on learning. Numerous studies over the past 15 years have found that children attending schools under the flight paths of large airports fall behind in their exam results. Bridget Shield, a professor of acoustics (声学) at London South Bank University, and Julie Dockrell, from the Institute of Education, have been conducting studies on the effects of all sorts of noises, such as traffic and sirens (汽笛), as well as noise generated by the children themselves. When they recreated those particular sounds in an experimental setting while children completed various learning tasks, they found a significant negative effect on exam scores.
“Everything points to a bad impact of the noise on children’s performance, in numeracy, in literacy, and in spelling,” says Shield. The noise seemed to have an especially harmful effect on children with special needs.
Whether background sounds are beneficial or not seems to depend on what kind of noise it is — and the volume. In a series of studies published last year, Ravi Mehta from the College of Business at Illinois and his colleagues tested people’s creativity while exposed to a soundtrack made up of background noises — such as coffee-shop chatter and construction-site drilling — at different volumes. They found that people were more creative when the background noises were played at a medium level than when volume was low. Loud background noise, however, damaged their creativity.
Many teachers all over the world already play music to students in class. Many are inspired by the belief that hearing music can boost IQ in later tasks, the so-called Mozart effect. While the evidence actually suggests it’s hard to say classical music boosts brainpower, researchers do think pleasant sounds before a task can sometimes lift your mood and help you perform well, says Perham, who has done his own studies on the phenomenon. The key appears to be that you enjoy what you’re hearing. ‘If you like the music or you like the sound — even listening to a Stephen King novel — then you do better. It doesn’t matter about the music,’ he says.
So, it seems that schools that choose to prevent disturbing noises and create positive soundscapes could enhance the learning of their students, so long as they make careful choices. Yet this isn’t the only sense being used to affect learning. Special educational needs students at Sydenham high school in London are being encouraged to revise different subjects in the presence of different smells — grapefruit scents for maths, lavender for French and spearmint for history.
1.The four questions in the first paragraph are meant to ________.
A.create some sense of humour to please the readers
B.provide the most frequently asked questions in schools nowadays
C.hold the readers’ attention and arouse their curiosity to go on reading
D.declare the purpose of the article: to try to offer key to those questions
2.What does the conclusion of the studies of noise conducted by Bridget Shield and Julie Dockrell suggest?
A.Peaceful music plays an active role in students’ learning.
B.Not all noises have a negative impact on children’s performance.
C.We should create for school children a more peaceful environment.
D.Children with special needs might be exposed to some particular sounds.
3.Ravi Mehta’s experiment indicates that ________.
A.students’ creativity improves in a quiet environment
B.we may play some Mozart music while students are learning
C.a proper volume of background noises does improve creativity
D.noise of coffee-shop chatter is better than that of construction-site drilling
4.Towards the positive impact of appropriate background sound and smell on students’ learning and creativity, the author’s attitude is ________.
A.ambiguous B.doubtful
C.negative D.supportive
5.Which of the following is most likely to follow up the research findings?
A.Experts’ research into other senses that can improve students’ grades.
B.More successful examples of boosting learning power by using music.
C.Suggestions for pumping lots of pleasant smells into school campuses.
D.Debates on whether noises can really have positive effect on students’ performance.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Two things changed my life: my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.
My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16 party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can still remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house until that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.
It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.
“It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,”What a neat basket.”
I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while. But then I guess I couldn’t at and it any longer:“Mom, please can I please ,please get it? I ‘ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I love that basket.Please ,Mom .Please?”
I was desperate.
“You know,” she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,” If you save up you could buy this yourself.”
“By the time I make enough it’ll be gone!”
“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy.
“He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please, Mom,Please?”
“There might be another way,” she said.
And so our paying plan unfolded. My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I couldn’t find. Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collecting things on my bike that already looked naked without the basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….
Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixed to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster. This horrible turn of events.
And then came the lesson . I’ve taken with me through my life:” Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.” Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”
1.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A.The children enjoyed doing housework.
B.The author came from s well-off family
C.The mother raised her children in an unusual way
D.The children were fond of the US president’s daughters.
2.When the author saw the basket in the window, she .
A.fell in love with it B.stared at her mother
C.recognized it at once D.went up to the bike guy
3.Why did the author say many “please” to her mother?
A.She longed to do extra work. B.She was eager to have the basket.
C.She felt tired after standing too long. D.She wanted to be polite to her mother.
4.By using“naked” (Paragraph 12),the author seems to stress that the basket was
A.something she could afford B.something important to her
C.something impossible to get D.something she could do without
5.To the author, it seemed to be a horrible turn of events that
A.something spoiled her paying plan
B.the basket cost more than she had saved
C.a neighborhood girl had bought a new bike
D.someone else had got a basket of the same kind
6.What is the life lesson the author learned from her mother?
A.Save money for a rainy day B.Good advice is beyond all price.
C.Earn your bread with your sweat D.God helps those who help themselves
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Life is filled with changes. As we get older we _______ realize that those challenges are the very things that _______ us and make us who we are. It is the same with the challenges that come with _______.
When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two _______. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing _______ the challenge isn’t worth the _______ and call it quits. Although there are certainly _______when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most _______all that is needed is _______ and communication.
When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how ________ or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to ________ it and work it through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a ________ for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. ________ you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt,” ________ “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.
In dealing with the challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for ________ they are: small hurdles you need to jump or ________ on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is ________ to get over, and hurt only ________ to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it ________ to everyone, and some day you will ________ all this and say, “ Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that is a good thing.”
1.A.seem to B.come to C.hope to D.try to
2.A.design B.promote C.direct D.shape
3.A.confidence B.pressure C.friendship D.difficulty
4.A.opportunities B.expectations C.choices D.aspects
5.A.demanding B.deserving C.predicting D.presenting
6.A.comment B.loss C.trouble D.expense
7.A.spans B.times C.dates D.ages
8.A.cases B.fields C.parts D.occasions
9.A.assessment B.commitment C.encouragement D.adjustment
10.A.doubtful B.shameful C.harmful D.painful
11.A.keep B.control C.face D.catch
12.A.space B.plan C.topic D.room
13.A.If B.As C.While D.Unless
14.A.other than B.rather than C.or rather D.or else
15.A.what B.who C.where D.which
16.A.pass by B.come across C.get through D.run over
17.A.unnecessary B.necessary C.impossible D.possible
18.A.helps B.means C.aims D.attempts
19.A.opens B.appeals C.goes D.happens
20.A.look down on B.look back on C.look forward to D.look up to
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 1.
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. 2. By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. 3. This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
4. If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
5. By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A.In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F.People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 1.(have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears 2. same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 3. gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or 4.(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 5.(easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 6. this question is not clear. One study in America found that students’ grades 7.(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn’t want 8.(wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no 9.(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 10.(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
单词填空
1.I refuse to lie about it; it’s against my p________.
2.If you u________ to do something, you promise that you will do it.
3.He was then arrested and charged with p_______ an offensive weapon.
4.We should a ________ our research in atomic power generation and speed up the building of atomic power plants.
5.One cannot help being old but one can r_______ being aged.
6.The play, whose style is rigidly formal, is __________ (典型的）of the period.
7.The party has always had a cautious and ___________(怀疑的）attitude towards Europe.
8.The children were dressed in _______. (破衣服）
9.Chris likes music and has a large collection of __________(音乐专辑）.
10.We can only hope the court is __________(怜悯的）.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假如你是李华， 学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛， 主题为“垃圾分类益处多”， 请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。 要点如下：
1. 你的观点；2. 你的建议。
注意：1. 词数80左右
2. 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：垃圾分类 garbage classification
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难度: 中等查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Bobby was getting cold sitting out in his backyard in the snow. Bobby didn’t wear boots; or rather, he didn’t own any. The thin sneakers he wore had a few holes in them and they did a poor job of keeping out the cold.
Bobby had been in his backyard for about an hour already. Try as he might, he could not come up with an idea for his mother’s Christmas gift. He shook his head as he thought, “This is useless. Even if I do come up with an idea, I don’t have any money for a gift.”
Wiping tears from his eyes, Bobby started walking down to the street where the shops were. It wasn’t easy being six without a father, especially when he needed a man to talk to.
Bobby walked from shop to shop, looking into each decorated window. Everything seemed so beautiful but so out of reach. It was starting to get dark and Bobby reluctantly turned to walk home when suddenly his eyes caught the glimmer (微光) of the setting sun’s rays reflecting on something on the roadside. He reached down and discovered a shiny dime (一角硬币).
Never before has anyone felt as wealthy as Bobby did at that moment. As he held his newly- found treasure, warmth spread throughout his entire body and he walked into the first store. His excitement quickly turned cold when salesperson after salesperson told him that he could not buy anything with only a dime.
He saw a flower shop and went inside to wait in line. When the shop owner asked if he could help him, Bobby presented the dime and asked if he could buy one flower for his mother’s Christmas gift. The shop owner looked at Bobby and his ten-cent offering. Then he put his hand on Bobby’s shoulder, saying, “You just wait here and I’ll see what I can do for you.”
The sound of the door closing as the last customer left pulled Bobby back to reality. All alone in the shop, Bobby began to feel alone and afraid.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
Eventually the shop owner came out and moved to the counter.
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Paragraph2:
With the bunch of beautiful roses in his hands, Bobby backed off and then turned and ran.
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难度: 困难查看答案及解析