Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, king of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit(优点) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
1.The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .
A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment
B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
C. they considered bathing as cause of skin disease
D. They believed disease could be spread in public baths
2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?
A. Curious B. Afraid C. Approving D. Uninterested
3.How does the passage mainly develop?
A. By following the order of time. B. By making comparison.
C. By providing examples D. By following the order of importance.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passages?
A. To call attention to the danger of dirt.
B. To introduce the history of dirt.
C. To present the change of views on dirt.
D. To stress the role of dirt.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Wanted，Someone for a Kiss
We’re looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM．You’ll work on the station’s music programs．Music production experience in radio is necessary，along with rich knowledge of modern dance music．Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies，Kiss 100．
Father Christmas
We’re looking for a very special person，preferably over 40，to fill our Father Christmas suit．
Working days：Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays，10∶ 30 －16∶ 00．
Excellent pay．
Please contact the Enterprise Shopping Centre，Station Parade，Eastbourne．
Accountants Assistant
When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit，you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division，dealing with post and other general duties．If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you．This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience．
Wealden District Council
Software Trainer
If you are aged 24—45 and have experience in teaching and training，you could be the person we are looking for．You should be good at the computer and have some experience in program writing．You will be allowed to make your own decisions，and to design courses as well as present them．Pay upwards of ￡15，000 for the right person．Please apply by sending your CV （简历）to Mrs．R．Oglivie，Palmlace Limited．
1.Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station?
A.Wealden District Council． B.Producer Vacancies，Kiss 100．
C.The Enterprise Shopping Centre． D.Mrs Oglivie，Palmlace Limited．
2.We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who ．
A.is aged between 24 and 40 B.may do some training work
C.should deal with general duties D.can work for about a month
3.Which position is open to recent school graduates?
A.Accountants Assistant． B.Father Christmas．
C.Producer，London Kiss． D.Software Trainer．
4.What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited?
A.One with GCSE grade C level．
B.One having good computer knowledge.
C.One with some office experience．
D.One trained in producing music programs．
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease — especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively attempting to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most importantly, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well”. In this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health, they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can struggle for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial influence on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
1.Today’s medical care is placing more stress on ________.
A.keeping people in a healthy physical condition
B.monitoring patients’ body functions
C.removing people’s bad living habits
D.ensuring people’s psychological well-being
2.According to the passage, the true meaning of the underlined word “wellness” is for people ________.
A.to best satisfy their body’s special needs
B.to strive to maintain the best possible health
C.to meet the strictest standards of bodily health
D.to keep a proper balance between work and leisure
3.According to what the author advocates (主张), which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?
A.People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.
B.People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.
C.People who try to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations.
D.People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Scientists who study insects are troubled now. All across the United States, bees are leaving their hives and never returning. According to the beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the bees in the United States have left their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.
Bees play an important role in the production of about one third of the food we eat. A large number of plants not only need people’s care but also need bees that spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can’t produce seeds or fruits.
Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers are trying to find out what has happened. By examining bees’ behavior and health, they hope to find out what has caused the bees’ disappearance and to prevent bees from disappearing in the future.
Some people think the disappearance may be caused by disease. According to Dewey Caron, a researcher at the University of Delaware, the bees have signs of troubled immune systems (免疫系统) inside their bodies. But why would troubled immune systems cause bees to leave their hives? After all, when people are sick, they want to stay at home. Caron guesses that sick bees may have difficulty figuring out where their homes are.
“Another cause may be some chemicals that farmers use to kill unwanted insects on crops.” says Jerry Hayes, who works at the Florida Department of Agriculture.
1.The underlined part “this process” refers to ________.
A.people’s care
B.bees’ leaving their hives
C.bees’ spreading pollen from flower to flower
D.beekeepers’ raising bees
2.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A.the use of some chemicals is the cause of the bees disappearance
B.sick bees are not able to find where their hives are
C.it’s not known yet why a lot of bees are leaving their hives and never returning
D.there will be no bees in America in the near future
3.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Bees,Humans’ Friends
B.Scientists Are Interested in Bees
C.Why Are Bees Leaving?
D.How Do Bees Send out Information?
4.The passage is most probably taken from ________.
A.science news
B.a public advertisement
C.a book on advanced technology
D.a business report
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Time is very important in our lives. It ______ our everyday moments. However, time never had any ______ in my life until I received a watch from my father that organized my life and made me more ______.
It’s round in the center with two silver hands that go around my wrist. And all of it is made of silver. This ______ tells me the importance of time in my life.
I received this ______ on a gray-sky day. I had to go to the airport at 9:00 AM to ______ up my Uncle Ali and take him to my father’s house. ______, I was late because I was ______ out with my friends. Later on that day, around 11:00 AM, I ______ my uncle, but I was very ______ for him. He had ______ the airport and taken a taxi to my father’s house.
I got to my father’s house at 2:00 PM on the same day and looked at my angry father’s face. I felt ______ of myself at that moment. After I said hi to my ______ father and tired uncle, my father asked me to sit next to him where he handed me this watch as a gift from him. Then he said, “Essa, did you have ______ with your friends today?” I answered, “Yes father, and I’m sorry about not picking up my Uncle Ali.” He said, “What you ______ was not very nice and you should be sorry for your ______” I was ashamed and said, “Father, I’ll never do it again. I promise.” He said, “I hope today you learned something important, and this watch will be a ______ for you.” He told me to take this watch and use it as an organizer of my ______.
I learned a very important lesson from my father: to ______ time and never be late to get someone. This watch is ______ to me, not because of its price, but because of the lesson that I learned from it.
1.A.appreciates B.organizes C.orders D.explains
2.A.importance B.similarity C.necessity D.interest
3.A.confident B.independent C.efficient D.responsible
4.A.object B.belonging C.matter D.stranger
5.A.card B.letter C.gift D.thing
6.A.call B.pick C.put D.bring
7.A.Otherwise B.Fortunately C.However D.Hopefully
8.A.going B.hanging C.standing D.leaving
9.A.forgot B.remembered C.saw D.visited
10.A.anxious B.nervous C.early D.late
11.A.reached B.recognized C.left D.found
12.A.ashamed B.frightened C.disappointed D.shy
13.A.kind B.happy C.angry D.doubtful
14.A.pleasure B.fun C.appointment D.quarrels
15.A.said B.did C.thought D.forgot
16.A.ideas B.words C.actions D.promises
17.A.wonder B.hope C.requirement D.reminder
18.A.life B.day C.way D.thought
19.A.waste B.respect C.neglect D.enjoy
20.A.useful B.necessary C.different D.important
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
首字母填空
1.Scientists have been doing some r________ on how to improve the life expectancy of people.
2.Doctors risking their life to fight against COVID-19 really d________ to be respected.
3.She returned home and found her furniture had been r________ by the flood.
4.Another 30 million U.S. dollars, d________ by China to the World Health Organization have been used in support of global efforts to the construction of public health systems.
5.Mary worked as a t________ secretary in her spare time for three months and ended up getting a full-time job.
6.Because of the economic crisis, more and more people lose their jobs, feeling very s________.
7.The Olympic Games function as a stage where all p________ show their talents and spirits in various competitions.
8.No matter how c________ the situation was, he could deal with it calmly and successfully.
9.Since the coronavirus came from nature, no country should be b________ for the pandemic.
10.There is no p________ that the disappearance of bees has a close connection with the radiation of the mobile phones.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
段落语法填空
Many people are wondering if it is safe to talk on the cell phones while driving. Most of people think that the use of cell phones should 1. (ban) while they are driving 2.in that case accidents can easily happen.
A growing number of states are making rules to keep young drivers 3. using cell phones while they are driving. When there is 4. car accident, police officers will find out 5. any of the drivers is using a cell phone. There have been some very bad car accidents 6.(cause) by drivers being distracted by cell phones.
Drivers sometimes forget to watch the road 7.(careful) when they are using their phones. Not 8. (pay) attention to the road can be dangerous, even deadly.
9. is important for drivers to focus on the road. They need to pay attention to 10. is going on around them. So, stop using your cell phones while driving.
难度: 简单查看答案及解析
单句改错（每题只有一处错）
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
1.The teacher commanded that he finishes his homework in time.
2.No matter that when I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
3.You will never gain success unless you fully dedicate your time to do the job.
4.That will be possible for the human beings to live on the moon in the near future.
5.The question is if the film is worth seeing.
6.Give me the book which cover is red.
7.Swim although he can, he can’t swim so far.
8.Threatening with the fog and haze, the passers-by are wearing masks.
9.It is reported it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
10.The reason why he has to leave now is because his mother is ill in bed.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假定你是李华，你的好朋友Judy因考试发挥失常，导致成绩不理想而情绪低落。请你给他写封信表示安慰，要点如下：
1) 对她目前状况表示理解；
2) 给出建议；
3) 鼓励她树立信心，争取下次考出好成绩。
注意：
1) 词数120左右；
2) 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
Dear Judy,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
难度: 中等查看答案及解析