江苏省南京市等四校2019届高三第一次联考英语试卷

1.If Mr. Green wants someone to arrange all the details of his holiday on the Fraser Island, which one should he turn to?

A. Fraser Dingo Four Wheel Drive Adventures　　 B. Fraser Magic 4WD Hire

C. Aussie Trax 4X4 Rentals　　 D. None of them

2.When visiting the Fraser Island, tourists are likely to experience all EXCEPT ________.

A. taking an overnight walk　　 B. having a comprehensive camping

C. getting close to the wildlife on the bay　　 D. taking a flatboat crossing

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

No one has a temper naturally so good, that it does not need attention and cultivation, and no one has a temper so bad, but that, by proper culture, it may become pleasant. One of the best disciplined tempers ever seen, was that of a gentleman who was naturally quick, irritable, rash, and violent; but, by taking care of the sick, and especially of mentally deranged(疯狂的) people, he so completely mastered himself that he was never known to be thrown off his guard.

There is no misery so constant, so upsetting, and so intolerable to others, as that of having a character which is your master. There are corners at every turn in life, against which we may run, and at which we may break out in impatience, if we choose.

Look at Roger Sherman, who rose from a humble occupation to a seat in the first Congress of the United States, and whose judgment was received with great respect by that body of distinguished men. He made himself master of his temper and cultivated it as a great business in life. There are one or two instances which show this part of his character in a light that is beautiful.

One day, after having received his highest honors, he was sitting and reading in his sitting room. A student, in a room close by, held a looking­glass in such a position as to pour the reflected rays of the sun directly in Mr Sherman's face. He moved his chair, and the thing was repeated. A third time the chair was moved, but the looking­glass still reflected the sun in his eyes. He laid aside his book, went to the window, and many witnesses of the rude behavior expected to see the ungentlemanly student severely punished. He raised the window gently, and then—shut the window blind!

I can not help providing another instance of the power he had acquired over himself. He was naturally possessed of strong passions, but over these he at length obtained an extraordinary control. He became habitually calm and self­possessed. Mr Sherman was one of those men who are not ashamed to maintain the forms of religion in their families. One morning he called them all together as usual to lead them in prayer to God. The “old family Bible” was brought out and laid on the table.

Mr Sherman took his seat and placed beside him one of his children, a child of his old age. The rest of the family were seated around the room, several of whom were now grown­ups. Besides these, some of the tutors of the college were boarders in the family and were present at the time. His aged mother occupied a corner of the room, opposite the place where the distinguished Judge sat.

At length, he opened the Bible and began to read. The child who was seated beside him made some little disturbance, upon which Mr Sherman paused and told it to be still. Again he continued but again he had to pause to scold the little offender, whose playful character would scarcely permit it to be still. At this time he gently tapped its ear. The blow, if blow it might be called, caught the attention of his aged mother, who now with some effort rose from the seat and tottered across the room. At length, she reached the chair of Mr Sherman, and in a moment, most unexpectedly to him, she gave him a blow on the ear with all the force she could gather. “There，” said she, “you strike your child, and I will strike mine.”

For_a_moment,_the_blood_was_seen_mounting_to_the_face_of_Mr_Sherman. But it was only for a moment and all was calm and mild as usual. He paused; he raised his glasses; he cast his eye upon his mother; again it fell upon the book from which he had been reading. Not a word escaped him; but again he calmly pursued the service, and soon sought in prayer an ability to set an example before his household which should be worthy of their imitation. Such a victory was worth more than the proudest one ever achieved on the field of battle.

1.The following sentence should be put at the beginning of Paragraph ________．

The difference in the happiness which is received by the man who governs his temper and that by the man who does not is dramatic.

A. Two　　 B. Three

C. Four　　 D. Five

2.How is the passage mainly developed?

A. By analyzing reasons.　　 B. By giving examples.

C. By listing arguments.　　 D. By comparing facts.

3.What was Roger Sherman's attitude towards his aged mother?

A. Grateful.　　 B. Skeptical.

C. Tolerant.　　 D. Sympathetic.

4.What can we learn about Roger Sherman?

A. He came from a distinguished family background.

B. He was not good at displaying his true inner feelings.

C. He severely punished a student who didn't behave himself.

D. He was a man conscious of the consequences of his behavior.

5.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?

A. Mr Sherman's face was covered with blood.

B. Mr Sherman was seeking strength in prayer.

C. Mr Sherman was then on the point of exploding.

D. Mr Sherman was ashamed of his mother's rude behavior.

6.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Control your temper　　 B. Save your self­esteem

C. Mind your manners　　 D. Treasure your Bible

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs, coupled with the aging of the baby-boom generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995.The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions and in law and business as well. “In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,” says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California’s (USC) School of Gerontology（老年学）.

Lawyers can specialize in “elder law”, which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination. Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. “Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,” one professor says.

Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria.” So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.”

1.With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit ________.

A. from the adoption of the “elder law”

B. from presenting their professional services to the elderly

C. by enriching their professional knowledge

D. by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests.

2.Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?

A. Retirees who are business-minded.

B. The volunteer workers in retirement homes.

C. college graduates with an MBA or law degree.

D. Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology.

3.Why can businessmen gain profit in the emerging elder market?

A. Retirees are more generous in spending money.

B. They can employ more gerontologists.

C. The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.

D. There are more elderly people working than before.

难度: 困难查看答案及解析

The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeds to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effects”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects----a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen---is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.

Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death."

George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It's like surgery, " he says. “We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn't intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you're a physician, you can risk your patient's suicide as long as you don't intend their suicide."

On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

Just three weeks before the Court's ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.

Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”

1.From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____________

A. doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients' pain.

B. it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.

C. the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.

D. patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide.

2.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

A. Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients' death.

B. Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.

C. The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.

D. A doctor's medication is no longer justified by his intentions.

3.Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive" (line 3, paragraph 7 ) ?

A. Bold.　　 B. Harmful.　　 C. Careless.　　 D. Desperate.

4.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they __________.

A. manage their patients incompetently

B. give patients more medicine than needed

C. reduce drug dosages for their patients

D. prolong the needless suffering of the patients

难度: 困难查看答案及解析

What does the woman think of the movie?

A. It’s amusing.　　 B. It’s exciting.　　 C. It’s disappointing.

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

How will Susan spend most of her time in France?

A. Traveling around.　　 B. Studying at a school.　　 C. Looking after her aunt.

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

What are the speakers talking about?

A. Going out.　　 B. Ordering drinks.　　 C. Preparing for a party.

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

Where are the speakers?

A. In a classroom.　　 B. In a library.　　 C. In a bookstore.

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

What is the man going to do?

A. Go on the Internet.　　 B. Make a phone call.　　 C. Take a train trip.

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

Last night, I 　　　　 to be fully absorbed in my work, but found myself disturbed by noises from my neighbour upstairs.

A. had intended　　 B. were intended

C. intended　　 D. had been intended

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really ________．

A. none　　 B. some

C. many　　 D. nothing

难度: 困难查看答案及解析

— How did you enjoy the game?

— I was impressed by the energy and______ shown by the players.

A. qualification　　 B. commitment　　 C. investment　　 D. privilege

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

Before real estate control policies were introduced, people hoped that their income would be increased ________ the rise in housing prices.

A. in touch with　　 B. in anticipation of

C. in line with　　 D. in combination of

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

（题文）The language in the company’s statement is highly ________, thus making its staff confused.

A. ambiguous　　 B. apparent

C. appropriate　　 D. aggressive

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

— A group of teen mountaineers have planned to conquer the second highest mountain in Europe.

— _______, they may succeed.

A. Favorable as the condition being　　 B. If the condition be favorable

C. The condition is favorable　　 D. The condition being favorable

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

The Tang Dynasty is generally regarded as a golden chapter by people worldwide, ________ the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries.

A. where　　 B. when

C. which　　 D. who

难度: 困难查看答案及解析

It is so good a habit to instruct children to lay things ___ they belong when they are young.

A. to which　　 B. where　　 C. in which　　 D. that

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

On Jan 1, 2018, China’s new regulation on solid waste imports officially came into effect. _____, divided into four categories.

A. Being prohibited from entering China are a total of 24 kinds of solid waste

B. Entering China are a total of 24 kinds of solid waste that are prohibited

C. Prohibited from entering China are a total of 24 kinds of solid waste

D. From entering China are a total of 24 kinds of solid waste prohibited

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles (涂鸦)? If your flower, for example, has a large circular center, _____ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life.

A. which　　 B. as　　 C. this　　 D. such

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

Players of the Japanese game “Travel Frog” take care of the frogs and often come to feel ____a pet owner, expressing pride in being the “mother” of diligent and disciplined children or worrying about the growth of their children.

A. little more than　　 B. more than　　 C. no more than　　 D. not more than

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

— ______you need any help, feel free to contact me.

— Thank you for your kindness.

A. May　　 B. Will　　 C. Shall　　 D. Should

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

Ladies and gentlemen, we ______ at Nanjing Station. Please get ready to get off the train.

A. are arriving　　 B. are to arrive　　 C. are going to arrive　　 D. will arrive

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

In the film, the actor threw himself off the horse as if ______to death.

A. shot　　 B. shooting　　 C. to be shot　　 D. having shot

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

—How come you were half an hour late for my class this morning, Mike?

—_______ My father’s car broke down halfway.

A. Yes, so what?　　 B. No, it’s not my fault.

C. Well, who knows?　　 D. Sorry, but I couldn’t help it.

难度: 简单查看答案及解析

There is something graceful about a well-made hurricane lamp, especially the antique ones. Mom had affection for them.

I can remember ______ through countless flea markets for hurricane lamps, which are _______to keep their light lit through the _______of moments. Mom tried hard to buy the lamps in ______, as her favorite of all the lamps had no mate.

The spring after Mom’s first ______ with cancer, we went to a local craft fair to pass the time, to keep ______. We were still waiting to hear from the doctors on the ______ of her follow-up tests.______ to search something for my mom, I bounded ahead of her and baby brother as they ______ along the tables. I didn’t ______ far before something caught my eye. Standing proud on the display table sat a lamp.

I was excited, as I _______back through the crowd to my mom. “Mom! You have to see something!” I shouted. “______. I think I’m going to get these lamps. What do you think?” She _______so I could see them but I didn’t even look at them. “You’ve got to see what I found first,” I ______her through the fair. When she saw the lamp, she picked up the lamp ______, running her fingers over the bowl, over the hurricane glass, and ______ it closely. “See this?” She pointed at a very small mark in the glass. “The one at home has the same mark.” She smiled. It was the first time I had seen her ______ smile since the doctors first found the cancer.

When the lamp ______ in our house, next to its mate, she cried. She went to light the lamps and sit on their glow until she could sleep. Years later, I understood her ______ for those lamps, through the darkest moments of her life. Mom was my hurricane lamp. She was inextinguishable (永不熄灭的)—through the darkest moments. She lit my way without ______. She still does.

1.A. seeing　　 B. finding　　 C. living　　 D. searching

2.A. designed　　 B. allowed　　 C. decided　　 D. evolved

3.A. happiest　　 B. coldest　　 C. busiest　　 D. hardest

4.A. group　　 B. double　　 C. pairs　　 D. packs

5.A. acquaintance　　 B. battle　　 C. knowledge　　 D. appointment

6.A. busy　　 B. merry　　 C. leisure　　 D. easy

7.A. results　　 B. discussions　　 C. procedures　　 D. processes

8.A. Arranged　　 B. Determined　　 C. Required　　 D. Permitted

9.A. wondered　　 B. wandered　　 C. ran　　 D. hung

10.A. manage it　　 B. do it　　 C. make it　　 D. carry it

11.A. jumped　　 B. leaped　　 C. walked　　 D. raced

12.A. Hang on　　 B. Hang about　　 C. Hang around　　 D. Hang up

13.A. held them on　　 B. held them up　　 C. held them back　　 D. held them down

14.A. grabbed　　 B. moved　　 C. dragged　　 D. caught

15.A. typically　　 B. immediately　　 C. occasionally　　 D. hesitantly

16.A. inspecting　　 B. looking　　 C. testing　　 D. knocking

17.A. finally　　 B. deliberately　　 C. lastly　　 D. truly

18.A. took its way　　 B. took its place　　 C. took its control　　 D. took its name

19.A. anxiety　　 B. care　　 C. need　　 D. worry

20.A. fail　　 B. sadness　　 C. pain　　 D. tear

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What is the woman looking for?

A. An information office.　　 B. A police station.　　 C. A shoe repair shop.

2.What is the Town Guide according to the man?

A. A brochure.　　 B. A newspaper.　　 C. A map.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.What does the man say about the restaurant?

A. It’s the biggest one around.　　 B. It offers many tasty dishes.

C. It’s famous for its seafood.

2.What will the woman probably order?

A. Fried fish.　　 B. Roast chicken.　　 C. Beef steak.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Where will Mr. White be at 11 o’clock?

A. At the office.　　 B. At the airport.　　 C. At the restaurant.

2.What will Mr. White probably do at one in the afternoon?

A. Receive a guest.　　 B. Have a meeting.　　 C. Read a report.

3.When will Miss Wilson see Mr. White?

A. At lunch time.　　 B. Late in the afternoon.　　 C. The next morning.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

1.Why is Bill going to Germany?

A. To work on a project.　　 B. To study German.　　 C. To start a new company.

2.What did the woman dislike about Germany?

A. The weather.　　 B. The food.　　 C. The schools.

3.What does Bill hope to do about his family?

A. Bring them to Germany.　　 B. Leave them in England.　　 C. Visit them in a few months.

4.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Fellow-travelers.　　 B. Colleagues.　　 C. Classmates.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.When did it rain last time in Juárez?

A. Three days ago.　　 B. A month ago.　　 C. A year ago.

2.What season is it now in Juárez?

A. Spring.　　 B. Summer.　　 C. Autumn.

3.What are the elderly advised to do?

A. Take a walk in the afternoon.　　 B. Keep their homes cool.　　 C. Drink plenty of water.

4.What is the speaker doing?

A. Hosting a radio program.　　 B. Conducting a seminar.　　 C. Forecasting the weather.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

You can relax if remembering everything is not your strong suit. Recent research makes the case that being forgetful can be a strength—in fact, selective memory can even be a sign of stronger intelligence.

Traditional research on memory has focused on the advantages of remembering everything. But looking through years of recent memory data, researchers Paul Frankland and Blake Richards of the University of Toronto found that the neurobiology（神经生物学） of forgetting can be just as important to our decisionmaking as what our minds choose to remember.

“The goal of memory is not the transmission of information through time. Rather, the goal of memory is to help improve decisionmaking. As such, transience(转瞬即逝) is as important as persistence in memory systems，” their study in Neuron states.

Making intelligent decisions does not mean you need to have all the information at hand, it just means you need to hold onto the most valuable information. And that means clearing up space in your memory palace for the most uptodate information on situations. Our brains do this by generating new neurons(神经元) in our hippocampus(海马体), which have the power to overwrite existing memories that are influencing our decisionmaking.

“If you're trying to deal with the situation and your brain is constantly bringing up multiple conflicting memories, that makes it harder for you to make a wise decision，” Richards told Science Daily.

If you want to increase the number of new neurons in your brain's learning region, try exercising. Moderate aerobic exercise like jogging, power walking, and swimming have been found to increase the number of neurons making important connections in our brains.

When we forget the names of certain clients and details about old jobs, our brain is making a choice that these details do not matter. Although too much forgetfulness can be a cause for concern, the occasional lost detail can be a sign of a perfectly healthy memory system. The researchers found that our brains facilitate decisionmaking by stopping us from focusing too much on minor past details. Instead, the brain promotes generalization, helping us remember the most important gist of a conversation.

“One of the things that distinguishes an environment where you're going to want to remember stuff versus an environment where you want to forget stuff is this question of how consistent the environment is and how likely things are to come back into your life，” Richards said.

If you're an analyst who meets with a client weekly, your brain will recognize that this is a client whose name and story you need to remember. If this is someone you may never meet again, your brain will weigh that information accordingly.

These findings show us that total recall can be overrated. Our brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the right stories, not every story.

Title：Being Forgetful Might Actually Mean You're 1.

难度: 中等查看答案及解析

（写作内容）1. 用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容；

2. 结合上述信息及日常生活，简要分析社交网络对青少年产生的负面影响；

3. 你认为应该如何引导青少年正确使用社交网络。

（写作要求）1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

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难度: 中等查看答案及解析