The brain is a remarkable part.It's responsible for thoughts and feelings.Now a new study finds that going through tough times as a kid also can have an impact.The adult brains of people who lived through lots of stress before the age of six—and then became depressed or anxious as teenagers—were different compared with adults who had an easier childhood.It seems that teens changed the shape of their brains by internalizing (使内在化) the stresses experienced years earlier.
Researchers already knew that the shape and size of a child's brain can change in response to lots of stress.They also knew that adults were more likely to be depressed if，as kids，they'd lived in poverty.Some studies showed that these depressed adults had unusual changes in their brain shape.But no one had tested if the early stress and later brain changes were linked.
Scientists in England studied almost 500 boys from birth until the ages of 18 to 21.Sarah Jensen is one of the new study's authors.Almost all of the boys her team studied experienced some hard times as kids.And，she concludes，“This is not necessarily harmful.”To some extent，that's just life.What can be dangerous，she says，is when children experience too many forms of difficulties.Her team's new data suggest that the tougher the childhood，the stronger the impact on the brain might be.
What's happening in the world around us relates to how we feel.Her team linked more childhood stress to more depression.Still，she notes，it's possible that if you find support for anxiety or depression，you might be able to prevent the changes seen here.“If you can change the environment，you can change the course of things，”Sarah says.So，she recommends，if teens develop anxiety or depression，it's good to ask for psychological doctors to give advice.
1.When people had a hard childhood， ．
A.they will have a brave attitude to life
B.their way of thinking may be strange
C.they will be good at dealing with stress
D.the shape of their brain may be changed
2.What is the breakthrough of the new research?
A.The size of the brain can change.
B.The brain can be influenced by stress.
C.Poverty can affect the brain's shape in future.
D.Changes in brain are connected with earlier hardship.
3.It's a problem when children ．
A.had a lonely childhood
B.led a peaceful childhood
C.got different kinds of hardship
D.experienced limited hard times
4.For teenagers with anxiety，Sarah suggests .
A.they adapt to their life
B.they seek professional help
C.they talk to friends or relatives
D.they become confident and optimistic
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
阅读理解。
How to make friends
Choosing friends
Before you make friends,you have to decide who you want to be your friends.Most people like to have friends who like to do the same kind of things as they do.That doesn’t mean you have to be exactly like each other,just that you enjoy some of the same things.Think about your favorite things to do and try to talk to your classmates at lunch or rest about your hobbies.You are sure to find at least one person who’s excited about the same things that excite and interest you,too.
Making friends
●The quickest way to make a friend is to smile.When you smile,people think you are friendly and easy to talk to.It may not be easy at first to smile.But you can practice smiling in front of a mirror.When you look at yourself in the mirror,think if you’d rather talk to your smiling face or your usual scared or angry face.
●One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about them.Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you.Doesn’t it make you want to talk to him?
●Ask your new friends questions about themselves.It’s the only way to get to know what they’re like and it’s the only way they’ll know that you are interested in them.
●Make sure you have something to add to the conversation,too.When someone asks you a question,do have an answer for them.There is nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a shrug(耸肩) for an answer.
Activities
After you’ve made a friend who shares the same interests with you,it’s always fun to plan activities together that you’ll both enjoy.Inviting a friend to your house after school is a great way to make your friendship closer.
If you know a game your friend likes to play,you can plan to do that together.When you play a computer game,one person is always left sitting with nothing to do but watch.Not fun.
1.Before you make friends with someone,make sure .
A.both of you are exactly like each other
B.both of you enjoy some of the same interests
C.you have talked to him or her at lunch or rest about your hobbies
D.you have little in common with each other
2.When you want to make friends with someone,you should do all the following except .
A.smiling at him or her before talking
B.starting a conversation first
C.asking some questions about him or her
D.giving a shrug instead of an answer
3.To make your friendship last long,you shouldn’t .
A.do something that interests both of you together
B.invite your friend to your house at weekends
C.be always doing something by yourself with your friend left doing nothing
D.play basketball together in your free time
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions(规定) was the 1994 "Toubon law" in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the "purity" of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.
The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon-------especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.
1.Neville Alexander believes that __________.
A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries
B. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa
C. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trend
D. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure
2.The underlined word "futile" (in paragraph 2) most probably means " ___________".
A. workable B. practical
C. useless D. unnecessary
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. English has taken over fields like public communication and education.
B. Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.
C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.
D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language.
4.The best title for the passage is __________.
A. Fighting against the rule of English
B. Protecting local languages and identities
C. Globalization and multi-language trend
D. To maintain the purity of language by law
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Scotland is a well-developed tourist destination, with tourism generally being responsible for sustaining 200, 000 jobs mainly in the service sector, with tourist spending averaging at £4 bn per year. Tourists from the United Kingdom make up the bulk (主体) of visitors to Scotland. In 2002, for example, UK visitors made 18.5 million visits to Scotland, staying 64.5 million nights and spending £3.7 bn. In contrast, overseas residents made 1.58 million visits to Scotland, staying 15 million nights and spending £806 m. In terms of overseas visitors, those from the United States made up 24% of visits to Scotland, with the United States being the largest source of overseas visitors, and Germany (9%), France (8%), Canada (7%) and Australia (6%), following behind.
Scotland is generally seen as clean, unspoilt destination with beautiful scenery which has a long and complex history, combined with thousands of historic sites and attractions. These include prehistoric stone circles, standing stones and burial chambers, and various Bronze Age, Iron Age and Stone Age remains. There are also many historic castles, houses, and battlegrounds, ruins and museums. Many people are drawn by the culture of Scotland.
The cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow are increasingly being seen as a cosmopolitan(全世界的) alternative to Scotland’s countryside, with visitors year round, but the main tourist season is generally from April to October inclusive. In addition to these factors, the national tourist agency, VisitScotland, have deployed a strategy of niche (适当的) marketing, aimed at exploiting, amongst other things, Scotland’s strengths in golf, fishing and food and drink tourism. Another significant, and increasingly popular reason for tourism to Scotland - especially by those from North America- is genealogy, with many visitors coming to Scotland to explore their family and ancestral roots.
1.For Chinese students, the best time to visit Scotland is in ________.
A.the Spring Festival B.the winter vocation
C.the summer vacation D.any time
2.Scotland mainly impresses tourists with its ________.
A.food and drink B.beautiful scenery with cultural relics
C.big cities like Edinburgh D.many North Americans’ family and ancestral roots
3.In 2002, visitors from the US made about ________ visits to Scotland.
A.18.5 m B.1.58 m
C.4.45 m D.0.38 m
4.Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.In history, many Scotlanders moved to North America.
B.Overseas visitors do not like to stay in Scotland for the night.
C.VisitScotland is trying to change people’s impression on Scotland.
D.Overseas visitors come to Scotland mainly to explore their family roots.
难度: 简单查看答案及解析
There is an old Spanish Proverb which states,"Tomorrow is often the busiest day of the week".1.I'd say,too many.Our dreams should not,and cannot wait.We have to go for them now! Here's why.
1.2.
Nobody likes to talk about death,but the reality is—everybody is going to die at one point.None of us know the day,or the hour.Therefore,today is all we have.Don't go to your grave with unfulfilled dreams.Make the decision to go after every dream,big or small right now.
2.The world is waiting on your gift
I know this may be hard to believe, but the world is waiting on YOU!Yes, YOU!3.Sure,other people may be able to sing.But they'll never be able to sing exactly like you.Sure other people can write,but they'll never be able to write from the same perspective in which you write.Don't deprive the world of your gift.It's the oxygen that we need to survive.Thus,it is your responsibility to figure out exactly what your gift is,and use to better your life and the lives of those around you.
3.4.
You can dream about writing the great American play that you want,but it's never going to happen unless you actually put pen to paper.You can dream about finding a cure for cancer,but it will never happen unless you actually go to school to become equipped with the necessary tools to find that cure.5.They require you to get your head out of the clouds,and actually do the work to make them happen.Get to it!
A.You can't let fear win.
B.Tomorrow is not promised.
C.In other words,dreams don't work unless you do.
D.Possibilities you never knew existed are waiting on you
E.How many times have we put off our dreams until tomorrow?
F.Unless you take the first step,your dreams will never come true.
G.You were born into the world with a unique gift,which nobody on this earth can copy.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Children find meanings in their old family tales.
When Stephen Guyer's three children were growing up，he told them stories about how his grandfather，a banker，_____ all in the 1930s，but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the _____ times when his strong-minded grandfather was nearly _____，he loaded（装载）his family into a car. And he _____ them to see family members in Canada with a _____，“there are more important things in life than money”.
The _____ took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer moved to a _____ house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was _____ that his children，a daughter，15，and twins，22，would be upset. To his surprise，they weren't. _____，their reaction echoed（类似）their great-grandfather's. What they ______ was how warm the people were in the house and how ______ their heart was accessible.
Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to ______ children through hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing ______ in telling tales，evidenced by a rise in storytelling events and festivals.
A university ______ of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids' ability to ______ parents' stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.
The ______ is telling the stories in a way children can ______ them. We're not talking here about the kind of story that ______，“When I was a kid，I walked to school every day uphill，barefoot in the snow.”Instead，we should choose a story suited to the child's ______，and make eye contact（接触）to create“a personal experience”. We don't have to tell children what they should ______ from the story and what the moral is.
1.A.missed B.lost C.forgot D.ignored
2.A.darkest B.best C.strongest D.simplest
3.A.friendless B.worthless C.penniless D.homeless
4.A.fetched B.allowed C.expected D.took
5.A.possibility B.promise C.suggestion D.belief
6.A.report B.agreement C.arrangement D.tale
7.A.large B.new C.small D.grand
8.A.pleased B.annoyed C.worried D.disappointed
9.A.Therefore B.Besides C.Otherwise D.Instead
10.A.talked about B.cared about C.wrote about D.heard about
11.A.many B.much C.little D.few
12.A.remind B.praise C.thrill D.help
13.A.argument B.skill C.anxiety D.interest
14.A.study B.design C.group D.organization
15.A.retell B.provide C.support D.refuse
16.A.trouble B.gift C.fact D.trick
17.A.perform B.hear C.unite D.question
18.A.means B.ends C.begins D.proves
19.A.habits B.activities C.judgments D.needs
20.A.gain B.receive C.accept D.admit
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
根据首字母、中文或括号里的词，运用恰当形式补全句子。
1.________ (暴露) to so many advertisements, we can’t help being persuaded into buying something we don’t really need.
2.The army was well-trained, and had little difficulty d________ the enemy.
3.The doctor is well-known for having c________ some people of the deadly disease.
4.With everything well ________ (arrange), he left his office and had dinner with his friends.
5.Many scientists c__________ greatly to the development of society in the past.
6.She f__________ the letter and put it in an envelope.
7.Some advertisements c__________ of pictures or words of experts to show people how good the products are.
8.It was of course a __________ (delight) for them to meet again after such a long separation.
9.The work of an engineer requires intelligence __________ (加上) experience.
10.The beautiful scenery and the places of interest of our city ___________ (attractive) thousands of visitors every year.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
阅读下面课文段落，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
John Snow looked 1. the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river 2.(pollution) by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the 3.(astonish) people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump 4. that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed 5.. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
Now when people 6. (reference) to England you find Wales included 7. well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and later the name was changed to “Great Britain”. This was 8.(accomplish) when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales. Finally the English government tried in the early 9.(twenty) century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland 10. (connect) in the same peaceful way.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m one of your customer, I ordered a set of books on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’t received it until yesterday. And much to my disappointment, the books were too poorly packed up that the cover of one book were torn. To make matters worse, it is not a complete set, as I found one book missed.
I’m sorry to have received such poorly service, and I believe I have every right ask you to deal with this problem. I hope you either return my money back or deliver a new set of books to me. Beside, I’d like to be informed of the process of your deal with my complaint.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Li Hua
1.2.3.4.5.
6.7.8.9.10.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
心理健康对我们非常重要，决定着我们的生活质量。请以 How to keep mental health为题写一篇英语文章，向校报投稿。文章应包含以下内容：
1. 心理健康的重要性；
2. 保持心理健康的建议：了解自我，接纳自我；善于与他人相处；热爱生活与工作。
注意：1. 词数100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
难度: 中等查看答案及解析