Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers. Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层). ” That’s according to John Marston, an archaeologist.
The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren’t for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.
Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth’s makeup. Most plastics don’t easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn’t an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.
According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it’s possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it’s safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.
1.Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?
A.Because plastics are not naturally made.
B.Because humans create plastics.
C.Because plastics influence the world greatly.
D.Because historians and archaeologists think so.
2.According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?
A.They are recycled.
B.They are degraded.
C.They are thrown away.
D.They are made into bottles.
3.What is the author’s attitude to the Plastic Age?
A.Negative. B.Ambiguous.
C.Favorable. D.Unconcerned.
4.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Plastics have ruined our environment.
B.We must stop using plastics altogether.
C.Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D.Plastics are significant to human development.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题
Historians and archaeologists have defined periods of human history for centuries by the technologies or materials that made the greatest impact on society. This includes the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age. But what age are we in now? That question can be answered with one word for some researchers. Plastics.
“Plastic has redefined our material culture and the artifacts we leave behind. It will be found in stratified(分层的) layers in our trash deposits(沉积层). ” That’s according to John Marston, an archaeologist.
The wide variety of synthetic polymers(合成聚合物) would not exist if it weren’t for human action. About six billion tons of plastics have been made and spread around the planet. They have been spread from forests to oceans ever since the first plastic polymers were invented.
Plastics are one of the most significant changes that humans have made to the Earth’s makeup. Most plastics don’t easily degrade. This only adds to the problem. Recycling isn’t an adequate solution. Not all types of plastic are easily recyclable. And there are only a few recycling plants that can process all varieties of plastic.
According to Debra Winter, writer for The Atlantic, this means that many of the materials thrown into recycling bins can cross the planet several times before they are processed. They are made into rugs, sweaters, or they are used to make other bottles. Millions of tons of plastics are recycled every year, but millions more end up in landfills or the ocean. The problem has reached the point where it’s possible that in just a few decades there might be more plastic in the world’s oceans than fishes.
“Plastics have a supposed lifespan of over 500 years, so it’s safe to say that every plastic bottle you have used exists somewhere on this planet, in some form or another，” Winter writes.
The damage may already be done. It may be too late for human populations worldwide to change their plastic using ways. So the Plastic Age might soon take its place next to the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in the history of human civilization.
1.Why do people call our age the Plastic Age?
A.Because plastics are not naturally made.
B.Because humans create plastics.
C.Because plastics influence the world greatly.
D.Because historians and archaeologists think so.
2.According to the passage, how are most plastics dealt with currently?
A.They are recycled.
B.They are degraded.
C.They are thrown away.
D.They are made into bottles.
3.What is the author’s attitude to the Plastic Age?
A.Negative. B.Ambiguous.
C.Favorable. D.Unconcerned.
4.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Plastics have ruined our environment.
B.We must stop using plastics altogether.
C.Human beings are in the Plastic Age.
D.Plastics are significant to human development.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The most intensive period of speech and language development for humans is during the first three years of life, a period when the brain is developing and maturing. These skills appear to develop best in a world that is rich with sounds, sights, and consistent（一致的，协调的，相容的）exposure（揭发）to the speech and language of others.
There is increasing evidence suggesting that there are "critical periods" for speech and language development in infants and young children. This means that the developing brain is best able to absorb a language, any language, during this period. The beginning signs of communication occur during the first few days of life when an infant learns that a cry will bring food, comfort, and companionship. As they grow, infants begin to sort out the speech sounds (phonemes) or building blocks that compose the words of their language. Research has shown that by six months of age, most children recognize the basic sounds of their native language
As the speech mechanism (jaw, lips, and tongue) and voice mature, an infant is able to make controlled sound. By six months of age, an infant usually babbles or produces repetitive syllables such as "ba, ba, ba" or "da, da, da." By the end of their first year, most children have mastered the ability to say a few simple words. Children are most likely unaware of the meaning of their first words, but soon learn the power of those words as others respond to them.
By eighteen months of age, most children can say eight to ten words. By age two, most are putting words together in crude sentences such as "more milk." During this period, children rapidly learn that words symbolize or represent objects, actions, and thoughts. At this age they also engage in representational or pretend play. At ages three, four, and five, a child's vocabulary rapidly increases, and he or she begins to master the rules of language.
1．According to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true
A．The developing brain is best able to absorb any language.
B．The beginning signs of communication occur during the first few days of life.
C．By six months of age, all children recognize the basic sounds of their native language.
D．By 2, children rapidly learn that words symbolize or represent objects, actions, and thoughts.
2．We can infer from the passage that____
A．by six months of age, an infant must babble or produce repetitive syllables
B．by their first year, most children are most likely aware of the meaning of their first words
C．by 2, children rapidly learn that words symbolize or represent objects, actions, and thoughts
D．the brain development is critical to develop children’s speech and language ability
3．That there are “critical periods” for speech and language development in infants and young children means ______
A．that children are so young that it is easy for them to study
B．that the developing brain is best able to absorb a language, any language
C．that the children are eager to learn the language
D．that we must take care of children
4 In Paragraph 3, the underlined word “mechanism” can be replaced by ______.
A．organs B．skills C．abilities D．habits
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Over a four-year period, Swiss researchers have developed a machine that can keep human livers (肝)alive outside of the body for one week.
Livers are among the most commonly transplanted (移植)human organs. Current technology can only keep human livers alive for up to 24 hours. It is reported that, in 2017, about 8.000 liver transplants were performed in the U.S., of which 360 used livers from living givers In addition, about 11,500 people were registered on a waiting list to receive a liver transplant. Keeping livers alive and functioning for longer periods could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients.
The researchers say the purpose of their “Liver4Life” machine is to perform what they call liver perfusion (灌注)operations outside of the human body. Perfusion is the process by which blood or other liquids are pumped through organs and tissue. The machine keeps the liver at the right temperature and moves it in a way that would be natural in the body. Using a pump to fill the liver with blood acting like a human heart, the machine also provides oxygen to the organ, controls red blood cell levels and removes waste.
The research team began their experiments with livers from pigs. After repeated testing and engineering development, they succeeded in getting the pig livers to survive for seven days with support only provided from the Liver4Life machine. They also discovered the system can work to repair damaged livers. The team is now planning its next step to transplant machine-treated organs into patients.
Pierre-Alain Clavien. leader of the research said in a statement. “This technology will greatly increase the number of livers available for transplant, improving the chances of survival for patients. The success of this unique machine opens the way for many new applications in transplantation and cancer medicine.”
1.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?
A.Introduce a brand new topic for discussion.
B.Provide some latest data about present liver transplants.
C.Show the urgency of tech improvement in liver transplants.
D.Remind readers concerned of the importance of a healthy liver.
2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The machine. B.The liver.
C.The temperature. D.The tissue.
3.What can we learn about the Liver4Life machine?
A.It is among the most commonly used machines for liver transplants.
B.It is aimed to carry out liver perfusion operations in the human body.
C.It can perform several functions to keep the liver working normally.
D.It can be used to keep the pig livers alive for more than one week.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A biology textbook. B.A first aid brochure.
C.A social web page. D.A health magazine.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the experiment of Frederick in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If there sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months they can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to five words. At three he knows about 1,000 words, which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy bear”. And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced（激发，引起）, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the children’s babbling（咿呀声）,grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
1.The writer mentioned the experiment of Frederick to __________.
A. support his idea B. introduce his topic
C. describe a new finding D. give an example of his theory
2.The purpose of Frederick’s experiment was to __________.
A. prove that children are born with the ability to speak
B. discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech
C. find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
D. prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
3.The reason why some children are backward in speaking is most probably that ________.
A. they are not able to learn language rapidly
B. they are exposed to too much language at once
C. their mothers do not respond enough to their attempts to speak
D. their mothers are not clever enough to help them
4. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will __________ in future.
A. have a high IQ B. be less intelligent
C. be insensitive to verbal signals D. not necessarily be backward
5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. A child is born with the ability to speak.
B. A child’s brain has a complex system which helps to connect the sight and feel of an object.
C. A child can produce his own sentences.
D. A child owes his speech ability to good nursing.
6. According to the passage, the writer agrees that__________.
A. the infants will certainly die because of lack of language.
B. all children learn their language in fixed stages
C. the child’s brain is highly selective
D. insensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals will not affect the development of the child’s language
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The history of writing instruments, with which humans have recorded and conveyed thoughts and feelings, is the history of civilization itself. This is how we know about our ancestors and their life.
The handy sharpened-stone was adapted into the first writing instrument. Around 24, 000 BC, cavemen started drawing pictures with the stone onto the walls of their caves. 1. Walls at the Apollo site in Namibia are believed to be the oldest rock paintings to date.
Before paper came along, people used clay or wax tablets on which they wrote with sharp objects such as metal sticks or bones. Around 6000 years ago, the Egyptians invented the first paper-like material called papyrus (纸莎草纸). The word “paper” actually comes from the word “papyrus.”
2. Bones or metal sticks were no longer useful as the papyrus could not be scratched. So the Egyptians created a reed(芦苇)-pen for the papyrus. 3. And thus, ancient Egyptians transformed bamboo stems (茎) into an early form of fountain pen.
Another writing instrument that remained active in history for long period was the quill (鹅毛) pen. Introduced around 700 AD, the quill was a pen made from a bird feather. Goose feathers were most common. 4. For making fine line drawings, crow feathers were the best.
When writers had better inks and paper and handwriting had developed into both an art form and an everyday occurrence, man’s inventive nature once again turned to improving the writing instrument. 5.
A.Then something was needed to write upon the papyrus.
B.The papyrus became the most popular material at that time.
C.Swan feathers were of high quality, being rare and most expensive.
D.Bamboo stems were better and much more expensive than goose feathers.
E.These were mostly the stems of grass, especially from the bamboo plant.
F.This led to the development of the modern fountain pen in the 19th century.
G.These drawings showed events in daily life like the planting of crops or hunting victories.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Humans and dogs have been working together for thousands of years, and some scientists even believe the two species have been living with one another for thousands of years． While having a dog will not improve your health if you never wanted a dog in the first place, dog lovers can benefit from living with them．
1. Most of us know the benefits of exercise, but it can be a struggle to find the motivation to get up and get moving everyday． A dog provides strong motivations, and can make your daily walk or run less lonely and more fun．Moreover, you'll bum extra calories when helping your dog walk and doing brief training exercises with your dog． For some people, going for walks alone is scary, but a dog can make runs and walks feel more secure．l know that with Ranger．I have to walk him every day, and he's always ready each morning．Sometimes we even have an afternoon or early evening walk, which is better for my health．
2. There's no doubt that dog ownership does come with some stresses, from making sure you've applied their weekly bath to worrying if your dog will get along with the other dogs at the dog park． But the benefits of pet ownership more than outweigh these small stresses． Research shows that a few minutes spent petting an animal． lowers blood levels of the stress hormone, which contributes to tiredness, weight gain and aging, and your pet can help kill its negative effects． A few minutes playing with your dog every day also releases powerful ¨feel-good" hormones that continue to function in the bloodstream．
3. Many people living alone worry about thieves, and a dog can help give owners a sense of security． Thieves are less likely to break into a house with a barking dog, and your dog can help you feel less lonely whether you're just spending the night by yourself or living alone long-term．If your dog is older and struggles to move around, you can still rest easy knowing that your dog will get to a robber before you do．
4. People who have regular positive interactions with others tend to live longer and be happier, and pets provide you with a valuable opportunity to meet and interact with other people． Even if you're shy, it's easy to strike up a conversation with another person if you're both talking about your animals． Visits to the dog park and meet--ups with other pet owners also provide pet owners with opportunities for interactions．If you're still anxious about meeting new people, consider joining a message board or online group for people with similar pets to yours． You'll quickly find yourself making new friends in addition to learning a lot about your best friend - your pet!
5. In a fast-paced, high-stress world, depression and anxiety are at an all-time high． But pet owners have fewer mental illnesses, and animals are even used as treatment for people suffering from mental illness． If you struggle with depression, an animal can help you avoid such problems． The exercise and stress release you get from spending time with your pet may even reduce the effects of depression． Dog owners are also less stressed than people who don't own dogs, and reduced stress is strongly related with lower blood pressure, a longer life span, greater happiness and improved health．
高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.
Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.
This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all these hilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear in this landscape.
All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the long-hidden ruins of a sprawling pre-Columbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.
Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct hands-on investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites-most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR.
"You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, "says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.
Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.
Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield direct dates of occupation. “we still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.
1.How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?
A. It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.
B. It was long under the threat of large-scale wars
C. Its rise and decline were under way peacefully
D. It was finally destroyed by a large-scale war
2.The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ____.
A. misery
B. revolution
C. population decrease
D. opposition
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.
B. The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.
C. The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.
D. The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works
4.The passage is mainly about ____.
A. people' s long-time misunderstanding of Maya civilization.
B. discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technology
C. the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilization
D. The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeology.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
People have been making and flying kites for about 2,000 years. 1.Some historians believe it the ancient Chinese may have started kite flying 2000 years ago. It is still a popular hobby in China, Japan and Korea and in other countries of the Far East where beautifully decorated appear in different colors.
2.Simple kites are made by crossing two sticks and covering them with paper or cloth. Then you attach a string at the end. More expensive kites have frames made of fiberglass, plastic or aluminum. The name comes from a graceful bird called kite.
3.A flat kite is the oldest and simplest type of kite. It flies because air flows over and under the kite's wing. The pressure under the wing helps the kite lift into the air.
4.Early scientists sent kites up into the air to measure temperature at different heights. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin used a kite to prove that lightning was a form of electricity. He attached a metal key to the string of a kite. When lightning hit the kite, electricity passed down the string and Franklin got an electric shock. It was a very dangerous experiment that you shouldn't copy.
Kites were also used to develop airplanes. The Wright Brothers experimented with kites before they flew the first airplane. 5. In World War I the Germans developed a large kite that could transport people to a submarine. Kites were also used to carry radio signals over long distances.
Today most people fly kites as a hobby. Kite festivals are organized in many cities in all parts of the world.
A. Kites are made in many different sizes, colors and shapes.
B. flying kites is great fun and it is easy if you know some secrets.
C. Kites have also been used in experiments.
D. No one knows for sure who invented the kite.
E. In Japan families fly fish kites on Children's Day, May5th.
F. Stories of kites were brought to Europe till the end of the 13th century.
G. In the past, kites were sometimes used to take pictures in wars.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
How can we explain the popularity of neckties? For years, fashion historians have predicted that men would45wearing ties because they seemed to have little or no function. It may be that men to them because ties As long as world and business. leaders continue to wear ties, the young businessmen will46 them and ties will remain popular.47, neckties do have a different kind of appeal. Neckties cover the buttons of the shirt and emphasize the length of a man’s body. They also 48 color and adornment (装饰)to men’s clothing, which is often plain and serious.
Today, there are tens of thousands’ of designs of ties49. There are, ties for special 50he. am for Valentine’s Day, fireworks for the Fourth of July, and Santa Claus for Christmas. There are ties that tell you about a man’s 51 pictures of tennis rackets, motorcycles, airplanes, fishing rods, or musical instruments, to name a few. There are even ties for different occupations such as accountants, firefighter/s, and police officers. And 52ties are becoming ever more popular. You can get ties covered with colorful frogs and bottles of beer. 53 you enjoy rock music, you can even find a tie in the shape of a guitar!
Funny or formal, wide or narrow, it’s 54that ties are going to be around for a long time.
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高三英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Dogs and humans have been living side-by-side for about 15,000 years, but there are tons of facts about dogs that perhaps we have never heard of.
Night vision
Dogs have good night vision. Their large pupils let more light in and the rods (视杆细胞) work better in poor light. But the biggest factor is the tapetum (反光组织), which reflect light at the back of the eye. Besides, dogs’ whiskers (胡须) also help them “see” in the dark because they pick up on very small changes in air, providing dogs with information about the size, shape, and speed of things nearby.
Secret tail code
Dogs can use their tails to communicate. They wag their tails to the right when they are relaxed or happy, and to the left when nervous or threatened. When they’ re aggressive, the tails will stick straight-up in the air. A broad wag is friendly while a slow wag is neutral, neither excited nor anxious.
Dreams
We often see a dog’s body making sudden movements in its sleep. Dogs have the same brain wave patterns as humans’ while they are asleep, so they dream just like we do.
Super nose
Dogs can find their way home despite long distances. Their noses are a vital part of their incredible sense of direction. The part of a dog’s brain that controls smell is 40 times larger than humans’. They’re able to follow smells for miles. Furthermore, dogs have an amazing ability to recognize the smells given off by the abnormal cells in human bodies, including cancer. This is something scientists are eager to explore further. And interesting, a dog’s “fingerprint” is on its nose. The patterns on dogs’ noses are so distinct that they can actually be used to identify the animals.
A sixth sense
Dogs act strangely before something bad, like a storm or earthquake, happens, for they are sensitive to low frequencies that humans can’t sense. So don’t let their strange behavior go unnoticed next time. It could save your life.
1.Which of the following indirectly helps dogs see well in the dark?
A. Their rods. B. Their tapetum.
C. Their whiskers. D. Their pupils.
2.If a dog holds up the tail, it indicates ________.
A. happiness B. attack
C. friendliness D. relaxation
3.What hasn’t been discovered about a dog?
A. Why it can sense natural disasters. B. Why it has an acute sense of smell.
C. What emotions it shows with its tail. D. How it can smell humans’ illnesses.
4.In what way are dogs like humans?
A. They dream when they sleep. B. They have good night vision.
C. They have distinct nose patterns. D. They can react to low frequencies.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析