Two-thirds of the world’s major rivers have now been disrupted (中断) with more than 50,000 dams in an attempt to stole water and provide power. In the US, there are more than 85,000 dams, disrupting large and small rives and in most cases transforming natural flow. The most famous of these, the Hoover Dam constructed in the 1930’s, is mainly responsible for the fact that the Colorado River no longer reaches the ocean.
Dams besides all their attractive benefits also have negative impacts. Creating a reservoir means a large area must be flooded. Communities may lose their land, houses and cultural relics. Downstream (在下游方向) of a dam, the flow may be reduced so that farmers cannot irrigate (灌溉) their field.
Environmentally the new reservoir can be a paradise for wildlife especially birds. However it can cause greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and poison the water for fish. Also the dramatic rise and fall of water levels during dam releases is too extreme for plains and animals to cope with resulting in dead zones around the shores of reservoirs. Fish that lay their eggs in the sha Mows for example may find a few hours later that those sites are high and dry.
Dams don’t just block water flow. The flow may be reduced so that farmers will have great trouble getting water for their fields. They also prevent fish migrations and are a barrier to sediment (沉淀物) flows. Instead of rushing downriver sediments get backed up against the dam wall, which cause the reservoir level to increase over time. However, sediments which are rich in nutrients have become a problem. The fertility (富饶) of the entire system can be influenced with soils lost during seasonal rains not being replaced.
Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas (三角洲) often host to large cities, which are sinking into the oceans. Groundwater is being extracted to feed the city causing the urban weight to sink and sediments washed away by the ocean are no longer being replaced. The result is that sea level rise in cities from Shanghai to Alexandria.
1.What effects does creating a reservoir have on people’s life?
a. People will see fewer birds near the rivers.
b. Farmers below the dam may have less water to irrigate their field.
c. Visitors can’t see some cultural relics anymore.
d. More conflicts and wars over water will break out.
e. All kinds of fish will become extinct in the future.
A.b c B.c e
C.b e D.a c
2.With many dams built across rivers fish will______________.
A.find more places to lay their eggs B.feed on more sediment rich in nutrient
C.face a more dangerous living habitat D.find it easier to deal with the rise of water
3.How can dams influence the cities like Shanghai?
A.Its entire system will be influenced. B.It will lie below sea level in the future.
C.The rainy season will last longer. D.Rich soils will be washed away.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Environmental benefits of dams. B.Cultural loss dam.
C.Economical gain of dams. D.Environmental loss of dams.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Long holidays give you a chance to relax and step away from your busy studies for some fun time with your loved ones. 1.. Here are a few ways to make money during the holiday.
Got spare textbooks? Sell them off
As we all know, textbooks are expensive, Why not sell the books you no longer need for a bit of extra cash over the holidays? 2..
Pick up a temporary retail (零售) job
If you like holiday retail, you can make quite a bit of money by picking up a few hours at a nearby big-box store. 3..
Be a private teacher online
There are always going to be people who need some help with their education. Are you good at math? Use those skills to help people get through their own schooling.
4.
For many of you the holidays are a time of relaxation. They can be different for you. They can also be an opportunity to make a ton of money on the side.
5.If you use your imagination, I’m certain you can come up with even more. Of course, you can do all of them at once or in any combination you see fit.
A.Do something helpful for others
B.After all, shops can offer a lot of goods
C.Start considering a different holiday life
D.Give yourself a chance to make some money
E.Almost everyone is going to look for extra employees
F.Besides, you can also make money by selling your old belongings
G.What I’ve presented is only a few ways to make money during the holiday
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Are small cities the smartest?
When you _________ of urban transformations (转变), you _________ to think of high-rise mega-cities like Shanghai, Dubai or Hong Kong. Or if it's technological advances, San Francisco and Silicon Valley might come to ___________.
But, the cities at the forefront (处于前列) of this growing urban revolution are often the _______.
Take Kalasatama, a city being built from scratch on the outskirts (市郊) of Helsinki, Finland. Developers say that by its _________ in 2030, residents will get an average hour of their day back by living there.
Finland's smart city Kalasatama is custom-built to make daily life more _________. City residents will never again be _________ behind a rubbish lorry on their commute. Engineers have equipped the whole city with a vacuum waste system, where people _______ take their trash to a port and it gets sucked (抽吸) to an underground disposal (处理) center. Another time-saving design is the city layout (布局) itself. Public services, such as schools, hospitals and transportation are close to one another and easily _________.
“ Five more minutes walking in the park, five more minutes with the kids before I have to __________work, five more minutes earlier at home,” Kerkko Vanhanen, the program director for Smart Kalasatama, tells CNN. "Your life is easier because of living in the most ________ city in the world,” he adds.
However, only 3, 500 people currently live in Kalasatama. By 2030, developers hope to have ________ 25,000 people and created 10,000 jobs.
Cities don't have to be custom-built to be able to unlock this potential. The ancient cliffside city of Matera in southern Italy is working to become one of the first 5G-enabled ________ in Europe.
It believes 5G can help it become a center of ________ tourism, using technology such as Virtual Reality to display the cultural and artistic heritage of the city that was named European Capital of Culture in 2019.
High-tech conveniences __________ sharing personal data.
“Data about you is used for delivering all sorts of both public and private services. And people are ________ about what that means to their __________,” says Reichental.
As smart cities develop, governments need to __________the trust of citizens to use their private data __________, says Udo Kock, deputy mayor of Amsterdam, where an open data program is helping to make it one of Europe's most innovative environments.
“Don’t think of Smart Cities as just a technology solution. think of it as cooperation. ____________communities and citizens so it's very important for governments to work together with businesses and private citizens, "says Kock.
1.A.see B.hear C.smell D.taste
2.A.try B.tend C.intend D.keep
3.A.mind B.age C.face D.back
4.A.crazy B.serious C.unexpected D.artificial
5.A.competition B.cooperation C.completion D.combination
6.A.efficient B.hard C.enormous D.risky
7.A.struck B.stressed C.powered D.stuck
8.A.easily B.possibly C.fortunately D.simply
9.A.affordable B.fashionable C.changeable D.accessible
10.A.date from B.leave for C.hold back D.rely on
11.A.quiet B.functional C.alternative D.historical
12.A.housed B.discovered C.harnessed D.switched
13.A.villages B.roads C.cities D.lakes
14.A.equal B.optimistic C.digital D.narrow
15.A.get rid of B.come at the cost of C.run out of D.bring an end to
16.A.concerned B.proud C.thrilled D.uninterested
17.A.resources B.destination C.solution D.privacy
18.A.gain B.lose C.mix D.attach
19.A.happily B.definitely C.responsibly D.stupidly
20.A.Argue B.Command C.Involve D.Charge
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
CONFUCIUS1.has been known in China as Kung Tzu, is one of the most 2. (influence) philosophers.
Confucius was born in 551 B C. in the state of Lu, in the southern part of the present Shandong province in eastern China. He lived in 3. (poor) in his youth, but entered the government of Lu and by the time he was fifty, he 4.(reach) high official rank. As a result of political intrigue (阴谋), however, he was soon forced 5. (resign) his position and go into exile (流亡). For the next thirteen years he traveled from state to state always 6. (hope) to find an opportunity to realize his ideal of political and social reform. Nowhere, however, did he succeed, and finally as an old man he returned to Lu, 7. he died three years later in 479 B.C.
8. is more significant and unique is that Confucius was China’s first private teacher. According to tradition, he had several thousand students, of whom several tens became famous 9. (thinker). Known10.Confucianism, his ideas are best known through Confucian Analects, a collection of his sayings which was compiled by some of his followers.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
We teenager spend our pocket money in different ways. A few of us spent the pocket money on meaningful things while most of us cannot manage your money well. The following ups may useful.
Firstly, divide the money into different parts. By doing so, we can well understand that our money is spent on but how much we spend. Secondly, make a budget (预算) , which help us get into the habit of spending money wise. Opening an bank account is a good idea. Lastly, save some extra money up for future use. For example, I always save some money so that I can buy my parents for a birthday gift or help people in need.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Brad给你发来邮件，提到他上周作为交换生来到太原的一所学校学习，但感觉很难融入新学校。请你用英语给他回信，提一些建议。要点包括：
1.求助于父母和老师；
2.乐于助人；
3.参加活动……
注意：1.词数110左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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难度: 中等查看答案及解析