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Is there link between humans and climate change or not?This question was first studied in the early 1900s.Since then,many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.In 1997,the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth's changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020.More recently,the Paris Agreement,struck by nearly 200 countries,also aims to limit global warming.But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.
This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions;this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.
To meet this minimum goal,the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years.Even this increase could sink some islands,worsen drought and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.
This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement,after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati,which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.
This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began,putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.
The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.
1.It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that .
A. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries
B. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming
C. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020
D. the Paris Agreement is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol
2.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement,what would happen by the year 2100?
A. The human population would increase by one third.
B. Little over 50 % of all species would still exist.
C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.
D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.
3.If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive,the maximum temperature rise,since the start of the industrial age,should be .
A. 0.8℃ B. 1.5℃ C. 2℃ D. 3.5℃
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
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I began to worry that maybe we had made a mistake when the sand began kicking up and hitting our faces.
That afternoon,my dad had stood on the deck of our home and laughed as our neighbors packed up their cars and headed inland.They left to spend the night in motels or at friends’ homes that were out of range of approaching summer storm.
Challenging the weather that threatened to damping our spirits,we lit a fire on the beach.Dad told jokes and we had a good time.When it was 6:30 pm,all laughter disappeared.Ours eyes were drawn to the sky.A tornado was headed straight for us!In a flash,we were all on our feet.The wind started screaming and now we were running to the cottage.My mom stopped next to the front door."where can we go?"She shouted at my dad.
Most cottages on this part of Lake Michigan had been built without basements.Ours was no exception.The huge windows and the cottage itself wouldn't offer safety from high wind.
"Follow me!"my dad yelled.We crawled beneath the deck,pressing ourselves against the foundation of the cottage.Between the deck supports,we watched the approaching storm in silent terror.
My dad shouted,"Hold on!"and something else I couldn't hear over the screaming wind.I think he was praying. By the time it reached our cottage,it was nothing more than a strong wind.The rest of the storm lasted for an hour and then simply blew away.
1.what did the family do before the storm came ?
A. They left the motels. B. They visited their neighbors.
C. They packed up the cars. D. They stayed on the beach.
2.What was the family do before the storm came?
A. Praying in silent terror. B. Running away at once.
C. Crawling on the ground. D. Closing their eyes tightly
3.Where did the family stay in the storm ?
A. Under a deck. B. In a basement.
C. Inside the car D. Behind a door
4.What can be the best title for the text ?
A. Life on the beach B. An Unusual Cottage
C. Surviving a Storm D. My Admirable Family
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
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For a long time in history,numerous scholars have asked the question:what is beauty?As designers update the latest fashions and artists create their masterpieces,what is considered beautiful changes at an alarming pace.Fifty years ago,the full-figured American actress Marilyn Monroe was a symbol of the American aesthetic（美学的）value; today,many Hollywood actresses different in appearance from Marilyn’s have taken her taken per place.However, aesthetic values not only differ from generation to generation,but do so along cultural lines as well.Often,what is considered hating one civilization is just the aesthetic appeal in another.Thus it is difficult to give an absolute definition of beauty.
As fundamental physicists,my colleagues and I like to believe that we are involved in a search for a beauty that affects definition.The beauty that we search for is not what is set up through the work of people and subject to the tastes,but rather what has been laid down by nature Physics allows its students to look past outer appearance,into a deeper beauty.As a human being,I am attracted by the visual appeal of a wave crashing on the beach.As a physicist, however I am able to see the deeper beauty of the physical laws that govern such a phenomenon.
In truth,since Albert Einstein put forward the idea that there might be one main physical theory that governs the universe,aesthetics,have become a driving force in modern physics.Einstein and other later physicists have discovered that:Nature,as its most fundamental level,is beautifully constructed.The extraordinary simplicity of the laws that govern the universes is really breathtaking.As Einstein said, it would seem more likely that we should find ourselves living in a "disorderly world,in no way apprehensible through thinking".Yet we are now closer than ever to a full understanding of the universe's beautiful clockwork.As new discoveries and technologies allow us to examine the physical world on deeper and deeper levels, we find that the beauty itself becomes much deeper.
1.The reference to" Marilyn Monroe" in paragraph 2 mainly serves to .
A. show there is no fixed definition of aesthetics
B. provide an example of today's beauty standards
C. compare traditions of the East to the west
D. discuss her abilities as an actress
2.When appreciating a wave crashing on the beach,a physicist sees the beauty of .
A. the visual attraction B. the powerful sounds
C. the lovely creatures D. the physical laws behind
3.Why are Albert Einstein's words mentioned in paragraph 3 ?
A. To detail the functions of physical laws.
B. To highlight the range of Einstein's influence.
C. To stress the very simplicity of the laws of the universe
D. To show that Einstein doubted the beauty of physics.
4.the passage is mainly to .
A. emphasize the influence of physics
B. present a special way of seeing beauty
C. discuss the awareness of across-culture
D. argue the traditional ideas on value
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
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In many American military actions,American soldiers always served with honor,especially black Americans. Even though black men almost had to beg to be allowed to serve in the Revolutionary War,they went on to serve well.Two back men,Oliver Cromwell and Prince Whipple,were with Washington when he crossed the Delaware on Christmas Day,1776,to attack the British at Trenton.A black man named Estabrook captured the Royal Army’s general Prescott Newport, and Peter Salem,a black,killed Major Pitcairn as he was savoring his expected victory at Bunker Hill.
Even though they were forced to serve in separated units,black soldiers distinguished themselves in battle.This was despite the fact that whites had long believed that blacks could neither command nor use firearms.In 1863, William Came of the Massachusetts Colored Infantry(步兵)received the Congressional Medal of Honor for his role in battles with the Plains Indians.Isaiah Dorman, Coster’s back scout (侦查员), served and died at the Little Big Horn in 1876.
In world war I,4 00,000 black American soldiers served with the French command.Neither U.S.nor British commanders would use these men.But Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts,soldiers in the 369th Infantry black" Hell fighters" were still the first Americans to win the Croix de Guerre,France's top military award.
During world war Ⅱover 600,000 black men and women served in the armed forces,including some 400,000 who served overseas.Dorie Miller,a black mess attendant in navy.was one of our first heroes in this war.At Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack,be manned a machine gun and shot down four planes.The back fighter pilots of Benjamin Davis,Jr.distinguished themselves throughout the war.They served most courageously during the Italian campaign.During the war in Vietnam,mainly because of civil rights pressures in America but also owing to the fine record of black military units,all American forces cooperated well.Once again blacks played vital roles.And 13.2 percent of all war deaths were of blacks,even though blacks constitute only11percent of all Americans.Black American soldiers continue to serve their land well,though the fact is often omitted in history books.
1.The main idea of this passage is that .
A. black Americans made great contributions to the Revolutionary War and World WarⅡ.
B. black Americans have admirably served their country in at least five wars.
C. black Americans suffered a large quantity of war deaths than any other minorities.
D. black Americans served under white Americans and won many victories.
2.The meaning of the underlined word "savoring" is .
A. demanding B. commanding
C. convincing D. enjoying
3.Which of the following sentences is true according to the passage ?
A. William Casey and Isaiah Dorman served and died at the Little Big Horn in 1876.
B. Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts won America top military award.
C. Benjamin Davis,Jr was commander of a group of black fighter pilots in World War Ⅱ.
D. The percentage of deaths of blacks is smaller than that of the whites during the war in Vietnam.
4.We can infer from the passage that .
A. black Americans were forced to serve in separated units
B. black Americans were highly appreciated by Americans in their military history.
C. Americans have been ignorant of the vital role blacks have played in military history
D. Americans encourage black Americans to serve in the military because of their courage and wisdom.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析