Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 1.
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 2. The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 3. Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
4.Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
5.However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Scientists say we are all born with a knack for mathematics. Every time we scan the cafeteria for a table that will fit all of our friends, we’re exercising the ancient estimation center in our brain.
Stanislas Dehaene was the first researcher to show that this part of the brain exists. In 1989, he met Mr. N who had suffered a serious brain injury. Mr. N couldn’t recognize the number 5, or add 2 and 2. But he still knew that there are “about 50 minutes” in an hour. Dehaene drew an important conclusion from his case: there must be two separate mathematical areas in our brains. One area is responsible for the math we learn in school, and the other judges approximate amounts.
So what does the brain’s estimation center do for us? Harvard University researcher Elizabeth Spelke has spent a lot of time posing math problems to preschoolers. When he asks 5-year-olds to solve a problem like 21+30, they can’t do it. But he has also asked them questions such as, “Sarah has 21 candles and gets 30 more. John has 34 candles. Who has more candles?” It turns out preschoolers are great at solving questions like that. Before they’ve learned how to do math with numerals and symbols, their brains’ approximation centers are already hard at work.
After we learn symbolic math, do we still have any use for our inborn math sense? Justin Halberda at Johns Hopkins University gave us an answer in his study. He challenged a group of 14-year-olds with an approximation test: The kids stared at a computer screen and saw groups of yellow and blue dots flash by, too quickly to count. Then they had to say whether there had been more blue dots or yellow dots. The researchers found that most were able to answer correctly when there were 25 yellow dots and 10 blue ones. When the groups were closer in size, 11 yellow dots and 10 blue ones, fewer kids answered correctly.
The big surprise in this study came when the researcher compared the kids’ approximation test scores to their scores on standardized math tests. He found that kids who did better on the flashing dot test had better standardized test scores, and vice versa (反之亦然). It seems that, far from being irrelevant, your math sense might predict your ability at formal math.
1.From the first two studies, we can learn that estimation center ________.
A. is divided into two separate mathematical areas
B. can help figure out numerals and symbols problems
C. functions independently in both kids’ and adults’ brains
D. works better when symbolic parts are injured or undergrown
2.What most surprised Justin in the study of 14-year-olds?
A. The variety of math abilities in different students.
B. The link between technology skills and estimation skills.
C. The difficulty of the task as the number of dots increased.
D. The connection between estimation skills and formal math ability.
3.What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Born with a Sense of Math
B. Go beyond What You Can Learn
C. Symbolic Math and Estimation Math
D. Our Brain一a Born Mathematician
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Climbing Without Ropes
The popular image of the mountain climber is of a person carefully climbing a steep cliff with a network of safety ropes, but it is not the only kind. Many climbers now enjoy bouldering. It's more accessible and better for the environment.
| What is bouldering? Bouldering is a sport that involves climbing on, over, and around boulders up to approximately twenty feet above the ground. Participants employ no safety ropes. | ||
| Why boulder? ● improve your climbing skills by focusing on basics ● places to climb, such as climbing walls at gyms and parks, easy to find ● less time commitment to bouldering than to mountain climbing ● intellectual and physical enjoyment as one solves problems | Bouldering Terms crimp: a very small handhold foothold: a place where one may place a foot to aid in climbing boulder jug: a very large handhold that is easy to use problem: The path up a boulder is referred to as the "problem" that one must solve. The "solution" is the sequence of moves one makes up and over a boulder. |
Here is an example of a climber addressing a bouldering problem.
Figure 1: The climber has two routes she could take, one to the left and one to the right. The left one appears easier because it has a jug within easy reach, but look what happens if she chooses that direction. She gets stuck on the rock and has to go back down. Sometimes that is even more difficult than going up.
Figure 2: The climber takes the one to the right this time. Using a foothold and placing her right hand in a crimp, she is able to lift herself up and locate other handholds. After only a few moves, she is able to throw her leg over the top of the boulder and pull herself up.
1.According to the passage, bouldering __________.
A. is an indoor sport B. needs maps and equipment
C. has no safety protection D. is a steep cliff climbing
2.Bouldering becomes popular because __________.
A. it challenges the limits B. it costs less
C. it builds minds and bodies D. it is a team game
3.According to the example, the right route is _________.
A. tough but to the top B. a dead end
C. a shortcut D. lined with jugs
4.The passage is likely to appear in _________.
A. a book review B. a science report
C. a newspaper advertisement D. a sports magazine
难度: 简单查看答案及解析
The 14-year-old, Amit Dodani, a talented speaker and persuasive debater at school, suffered as a child from a speech disorder.
He began working with a speech therapist (理疗师) when he was 6 years old, but it was his decision to try out for debate team at the end of seventh grade that helped him most.
“That experience changed my life,” he wrote after his team went on to nationals. “It gave me hope, and helped me see my own true potential.”
Since he launched MynameMystory last year, the site has attracted national and even international attention. Amit’s mom said her son’s website is meant to send a message that no one is alone in their experience, showing how people overcame their challenges and how others can, too.
“The big thing that clicked in Amit was the belief that people are really needed (to help each other) in this country,” she said. “I wasn’t surprised he wanted to do this, because at such a young age he had this spirit in him.”
In addition to the website, Amit also wanted to expand the idea of sharing stories. So he asked his friends and classmates to donate books to distribute to local hospitals. He hoped to collect perhaps 1,000, but in just two weeks, he received more than 2,300 donations.
“There was an absolute connection between the website and books,” Amit said. “But books are something that can really make a difference to someone who is in the hospital and can’t go to school.”
Amit said he’s hoping to organize a large live event for MynameMystory at the end of this year at Chaminade High School in West Hills. Those who shared their stories on the website will be invited to speak and encourage others to share their stories of overcoming challenges.
“We’re hoping for big things,” Amit said. “We have a lot of events planned out for the future. The goal is basically to inspire people in a different way.”
1.What helped change Amit’s speaking ability most effectively?
A. His speech therapist. B. His mother’s care
C. His debating experience. D. His teacher’s efforts.
2.What’s the purpose of Amit’s setting up the website MynameMystory ?
A. To attract national and international attention.
B. To show others how he overcame his challenges.
C. To encourage people to take part in debating.
D. To deliver his idea that people can help each other.
3.Why did Amit decide to donate books to sick children?
A. They are not allowed to visit the website.
B. Website and books have no connection.
C. They shouldn’t be left out in studies.
D. Books have a special influence on them.
4.What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Amit never stops working for his dream.
B. A young boy is helping others in his own way.
C. Don’t neglect the small things in life.
D. MynameMy story helps build up self-confidence.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient and affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
1.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
A. provide better services to customers
B. help deal with transportation-related problems
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
2.As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern？
A. Management. B. Side effects. C. Affordability. D. Safety.
3.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Replaced. B. Employed. C. Shared. D. Reduced.
4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars？
A. Doubtful. B. Sympathetic. C. Disapproving. D. Positive.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
How does the woman feel about the zoo?
A. Sad B. Impressed C. Disappointed
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Where does the man want to go?
A. A railway station. B. A post office. C. The seaside.
难度: 简单查看答案及解析
What happened to the woman?
A. She woke up late.
B. She got to work late.
C. She went to sleep late.
难度: 简单查看答案及解析
What is the woman doing now?
A. Baking cookies.
B. Making a list.
C. Shopping for groceries.
难度: 简单查看答案及解析
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Young people lose their jobs easily.
B. Young people are too quick in making decisions.
C. Young people seldom stay long in the same job.
难度: 简单查看答案及解析
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.When will the man start his new job?
A. Tomorrow. B. Next week. C. Next month.
2.Why is the man paying for the woman’s lunch?
A. She helped him a lot.
B. It is his turn to pay.
C. He wants to congratulate her.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.What is Anna’s chemistry grade now?
A. B. B. B+. C. D.
2.When does Anna’s study group meet?
A. After school.
B. On the weekends.
C. During lunch hour.
3.Who is Anna speaking to?
A. A study group member. B. Her teacher. C. Her father.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.How old was Jonathan’s mother when she started doing laundry?
A. 8 years old. B. 10 years old. C. 16 years old.
2.Which temperature will Jonathan use for now?
A. Hot. B. Cold. C. Warm.
3.What is the “light” spin cycle used for?
A. Jeans and towels.
B. Most of Jonathan’s clothes.
C. Sheets and pillow cases.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.Which decorations are on the sofa?
A. The Christmas ones.
B. The Halloween ones.
C. The Thanksgiving ones.
2.What did the man use to get the box out?
A. A pole. B. A chair. C. A ladder.
3.Where might the conversation take place?
A. In the basement.
B. In the bedroom.
C. In the living room.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.What does the Golden Rule ask people to do?
A. Develop personal rules.
B. Respect their families and ancestors.
C. Treat others as they wish to be treated.
2.Which is a teaching of Confucius?
A. Governments should be moral.
B. Husbands should respect wives.
C. People should memorize rules of behavior.
3.How did Confucius teach lessons?
A. Through arguments.
B. Through reasoning.
C. Through personal examples.
4.What does the speaker say about Confucius’ influence?
A. He used to be even more important.
B. He has influenced many cultures.
C. He has little effect on people today.
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
I felt greatly puzzled as Helen opened the gift from her best friend — Cherry. “I...I thought you could use it for something.” Cherry’s explanation did nothing to help us understand why a dark blue ______ made of remnants (边角料) was presented as a birthday gift. Helen tried not to allow her______ to show. However, she was in low spirits when she came downstairs to say good night after the party. “Well, I guess I know how ______ my best friend thinks of me, huh, Mom?”
The next morning, I carried the rubbish outside. My heart ______ as I lifted the lid of the garbage can and saw Cherry’s gift lying among the other ______ items. Hesitating only a moment, I brought it into the house and put it ______. With time passing by, the gift was soon _______.
One day, Helen rushed home and ______ excitedly that Cherry invited us to her house. Cherry had been a regular visitor to our house but our invitation had never been ______, so I was surprised and my surprise was ______ when I learned that Cherry was adopted — she wasn’t ______ by her biological parents. Arrangements were made. A tall woman wearing a (an) ______ sweater greeted us at the small farmhouse. Shabby as the house was, we spent a (an) ______ day with the warm-hearted “family”. As daylight began to ______, we offered our thanks and said good-bye.
Helen sat ______ in the car on the way home. No sooner had we come to a stop on the driveway than she opened the car door and walked anxiously toward the ______. Nothing did she find there. Then, she went into the house and sat at the kitchen table ______ out of the window. As I placed what she was looking for on the table in front of her, a tear or two ______ from her eyes and fell onto the dark blue carpet that, ______ by magic, had become the most ______ birthday present in the whole world.
1.A. coat B. box C. carpet D. doll
2.A. confusion B. surprise C. happiness D. disappointment
3.A. much B. well C. highly D. deeply
4.A. melted B. touched C. ached D. beat
5.A. ugly B. waste C. dirty D. used
6.A. off B. in C. up D. away
7.A. missed B. recalled C. gone D. forgotten
8.A. announced B. informed C. called D. shouted
9.A. accepted B. returned C. involved D. sent
10.A. disappeared B. removed C. doubled D. overcome
11.A. brought in B. brought through C. brought about D. brought up
12.A. shapeless B. expensive C. beautiful D. formal
13.A. terrible B. happy C. long D. upset
14.A. darken B. run C. fade D. arise
15.A. quietly B. nervously C. sadly D. merrily
16.A. living room B. garbage can C. kitchen table D. dining hall
17.A. staring B. glancing C. focusing D. spotting
18.A. cried B. slipped C. flew D. sobbed
19.A. even if B. now that C. so that D. as if
20.A. strange B. colorful C. available D. precious
难度: 困难查看答案及解析
1.He was strongly c________ by the committee for failing to report the accident.
2.Nowadays, it's hard for a graduate in China to find a ________ (稳定的)and well-paid job.
3.It’s a r ______ achievement for a Senior 2 student to get the first prize in NEPCS(National Proficiency Competition for Middle School Students).
4.I know the arrangement makes you a bit embarrassed, but it’s only __________(暂时的).
5.He’s been informed that he isn’t q _______ for the post because of his academic background.
6.You can have the apartment designed to suit your i______ needs.
7.He fought the illness with courage and ______(决心).
8.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn tells of a story that a boy with his c_______, a black slave , has adventures along the Mississippi River.
9.A survey of retired teachers has i_______ that most are enjoying life.
10.Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is f_________.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
Chinese kung fu, also known as wushu or Chinese martial arts, is an important part of traditional Chinese culture. It is probably one of the earliest and longest 1. (last) sports. The theory of kung fu is 2. (base) upon classical Chinese philosophy. Over its long history it has developed as 3. unique combination of exercise, practical self-defense, self-discipline and art. It is estimated that Chinese kung fu 4. (date) back to prehistoric society.
Bruce Lee (1940-1973) was a Chinese-American martial artist and actor, 5. is considered as the most 6. (influence) martial artist of the 20th century, and an important cultural icon. He used Wing Chun, a branch of Chinese kung fu, 7. his base, learned from the influences of other martial arts, and later created his own martial art philosophy — Jeet Kune Do.
Jackie Chan (born in 1954) is a Hong Kong martial 8. (art), actor, and singer. He 9. (begin) his film career as a stuntman(特技演员) in the Bruce Lee films. Now as a cultural icon, he is 10. (wide) known for combining comedy and stunts with his kung fu performances.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
During the summer of 2006, I started reading English books, mostly story. I learned a lot of new words from these books, but I had great difficulty memorize them. I had to look up to the same word many times, that was quite troublesome. I realized I do need a way to remember all this vocabulary. I started writing down words from the books I read at regularly intervals. I would come back from school, and then read for an hour and two. I wrote down new words and added it to my collection. By the end of last year, my collection has grown to 3,000 words. It was great achievement for me.
难度: 中等查看答案及解析
假设你叫李华，你从某报上得知某商店招聘临时工作人员。请你根据下列提示写一份求职信。
1. 简要介绍个人情况:姓名、年龄等；
2. 无工作经验但对此工作感兴趣；
3. 普通话和英语流利，性格外向，易与人相处；
4. 希望得到回复。
注意:1. 短文需包括以上所有内容，可适当发挥。
2. 词数:120左右。
Dear sir,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
难度: 简单查看答案及解析