It seems that electronic devices just keep getting smaller. Scientists in the United States have announced the creation of the first transistor with only two dimensions(二维).
A transistor is a small electronic device that transfers or carries electronic current. Scientists hope these new 2D transistors will be used for building high-resolution(高分辨率)displays that need very little energy.
Two groups of scientists created these 2D transistors. They report that the transistors are only a few atoms thick.
Usually transistors are made with the element silicon(硅). Computer processors, memory chips, TV screens and other electronic devices contain billions of silicon-based transistors. But these very small electrical parts have certain limitations.
Dimitris Ioannou is an electrical engineering professor at George Mason University. He says the traditional transistor has been improved as much as it can be.He adds that researchers have been looking for new materials with special features and they want transistors to be seen through and soft.
“If the layers are very thin, the transistor can become flexible, so it doesn't have to be rigid(坚硬的), like it would be in a silicon chip. So people can think of applications like wearable electronics, television screens and other things,” said Ioannou.
These new transistors can also carry higher current. They also can move the current much faster than traditional transistors. This is important for high-definition screens.
Dimitris Ioannou says the scientific success could prove very useful in the future. "Now, how good and how useful it will be, it's still in the stage of research, but it certainly is an advance," said Ioannou.
1.Which of the following statements about the newly created transistor is TRUE?
A. They are expected to be used in high-resolution displays.
B. The transistors are made with the element silicon.
C. They are rigid, just like traditional transistors.
D. They have already been put into actual use.
2.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. The traditional transistors have been changed into two-dimensional ones.
B. Many of the traditional transistors have been improved over the years.
C. The traditional transistor has been developed to its fullest.
D. The traditional transistor has been developed quite well.
3.What is Dimitris Ioannou's attitude towards the creation of the new transistors?
A. Negative. B. Neutral.
C. Indifferent. D. Positive.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项
Summer is slipping away from me.Some days, it makes me want to cry.Other days, I feel a sense of expectation within me just thinking about fall that makes me want to burst.Tonight, all five of us were in the family room doing our own things.
At this moment, my littlest kid is my number one trouble and my number one joy.He has a tooth on the way and although it’s such a tiny thing, it’s causing so much grief.I’m holding him a lot and I’m not going to lie.I live for his afternoon nap(小睡) so I’m able to actually get dressed and use the restroom.
The big E is starting school soon.The other day, I found myself a bit depressed about the end of summer and the beginning of another school year.I looked out of our front window with eyes that were heavy and a bit teary.Then, I suddenly realized just how silly this end of summer depression of mine is.I can’t change time.But, I can change my emotions and my thoughts.I decided not to spend my final days of summer vacation walking around with a sad face.I decided to hug the last few days of summer and remind myself that before I know it, we will be back in our school routine and all will go well.
This week we plan on meeting teachers.I’m taking my girl to have her nails done before her first day of kindergarten.We want to bake a few dozen cookies.We’ll take our evening walks as usual and stay up late.And last but not least, I’ll get school clothes ready, I’ll pack lunches and write lunch notes, we’ll read “The Kissing Hand,” like we normally do, and I’ll tuck(掖好被子) my third grader and kindergartener in their little beds before the big first day.
Thank you summer, you’ve been warm and wonderful, you’ve been sweet and sticky, you’ve been refreshing and exactly what we need.And your sunsets have been amazing, so thank you.
1.According to Paragraph 1, the author ______.
A.feels excited
B.has mixed feelings
C.feels worried
D.has bad feelings
2.How will the author spend the final days of the summer vacation?
A.Live a simple life.
B.Stay at home and relax herself.
C.Treasure the vacation.
D.Walk around with a depressed face.
3.From the passage, we can learn that the author ______.
A.is fond of reading novels
B.has two annoying children
C.often takes evening walks
D.has no time to get dressed
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
While other countries debate whether to fix wind turbines(涡轮机) offshore or in distant areas, Denmark is building them right in its capital. Three windmills(风车) were recently introduced in a Copenhagen neighbourhood, and the city plans to add another 97.
“We’ve made a very ambitious commitment to make Copenhagen CO2-neutral by 2025,” Frank Jensen, the mayor, says. “But going green isn’t only a good thing. It’s a must.” The city’s carbon-neutral plan, passed two years ago, will make Copenhagen the world’s first zero-carbon capital.
With wind power making up 33% of Denmark’s energy supply, the country already features plenty of wind turbines. Indeed, among the first sights greeting airborne visitors during the landing at Copenhagen’s Kastrup airport is a chain of sea-based wind towers. By 2020, the windswept country plans to get 50% of its energy from wind power.
Now turbines are moving into the city and these ones will cost less than half the price of those sea-based. Having the energy production closer makes it cheaper, and land-based turbines are the cheapest possible source of energy available today. Fixing them also makes the locals more aware of their energy consumption.
Though considerably less attractive than it was in ancient times, the windmill is enjoying popularity in the 21st century. “Windmills are a symbol of the new and clean Copenhagen,” says resident Susanne Sayers. Meanwhile, fellow Copenhagen citizen Maria Andersen worries about the noise, explaining that she wouldn’t want a wind turbine in her neighbourhood. While Copenhagen citizens approve of the windmills, they’re less willing to live close to one. The answer, the city has decided, is to sell turbine shares.
Each share represents 1,000 kW hours/year, with the profit tax-free. With a typical Copenhagen household consuming 3,500 kW hours/year, a family buying four shares effectively owns its own renewable energy supply. To date, 500 residents have bought 2,500 shares. Involving the local population was a smart move. “There are a lot of things you can do close to people if it’s not too big and if there’s a model where locals feel involved and get to share in the profit. Knowing that you, or your neighbours, own a technology creates a very different atmosphere than if a multinational owned it,” says Vad Mathiesen.
Going green? Yes. Accepted by the population? Yes. Going with centuries-old city architecture? Hardly.
Certainly, the three turbines don’t exactly blight the 18th-century city centre, as they are in a neighbourhood 3 km away. According to the mayor’s office, none of the remaining 97 turbines will rise in architecturally sensitive areas. But Sascha Haselmayer, CEO of city creation group Citymart, warns, “With Denmark being a world-leading producer of windmills, there is a risk that the answer to every energy question is windmills.”
“We’ve destroyed mountains and lakes in order to support our lifestyle,” notes Irena Bauman, an architect and professor at Sheffield University. “Wind turbines are a sign that we’re learning to live with nature. I hope we’ll have them all over the world,” she says. “They may be unpleasant to some, but better-looking ones will come. It’s just that we don’t have time to wait for them!”
1.Denmark has decided to build windmills in its capital mainly to ______.
A. make windmills its cultural symbol
B. advocate an environmentally-friendly lifestyle
C. take advantage of its limited wind power
D. greet tourists coming to Copenhagen by plane
2.How has the city of Copenhagen persuaded its people to accept the windmills around their homes?
A. By promising them that all their income is free of tax.
B. By designing less noisy windmills to ease their worries.
C. By convincing them that land-based turbines are much cheaper.
D. By offering them the chance to get the profit the windmills bring.
3.The underlined word “blight” (Paragraph 8) is closest in meaning to ______.
A. spoil B. improve C. pollute D. occupy
4.Sascha Haselmayer’s attitude to building windmills can best be described as ______.
A. disapproving B. unconcerned C. cautious D. enthusiastic
5.Which of the following words would Irena Bauman most probably agree with?
A. “It benefits us more to fit wind turbines in cities than in mountain areas or by lakes.”
B. “We should sell more wind turbines to other countries to make us one of the richest.”
C. “We should devote more time to developing the wind turbines that go with the city.”
D. “It’s not what wind turbines look like but how we live that really matters at present.”
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Scientists are worried that an asteroid(小行星) will possibly hit the earth in 2036. If scientists are right, planet earth is 24 years away from a major disaster.
Scientists have been monitoring the progress of a 390-metre-wide asteroid ever since it was discovered last June. They have announced that it could hit the earth, causing huge damage, in 2036.
NASA estimates that the impact from the asteroid named after Apophis and ancient Egyptian demon(魔鬼) would release more than 100,000 times the energy released in the nuclear explosion over Hiroshima. Thousands of square kilometers would be directly affected by the explosion. The whole planet would see the effects of the dust released into the atmosphere.
This is the worst possible scenario(情景) of any asteroid in recorded history.
Having more than 20 years’ warning of possible impact might seem plenty of time. But scientists insist that there is actually very little time left to decide.
Luckily, however, they aren’t short on ideas for deflecting the asteroid. The favored method is also probably the easiest—throwing a spacecraft at the asteroid to change its direction. The European Space Agency plans to test this in the next decade.
One idea that seems to have no support from astronomers is the use of explosive, although this sounds more likely to the public or Hollywood producer.
At present, scientists are trying to make a better estimate of how much time we have, through more observations.
In spring of next year, there will be another chance for radar observation of Apophis. This will help astronomers calculate the orbits of the asteroid more accurately.
If, at that stage, they can’t rule out an impact with the earth in 2036, the next chance to make better observations will not be until 2016, then 2029.
“If we wait until 2029 and the worst—case scenario turns out to be true, it would seem unlikely that we’d be able to do anything about 2036,” warns Prof Fitzsimmons.
1.What does the underlined word “deflecting” most probably mean?
A.making it smaller. |
B.observing it clearly enough. |
C.dividing into pieces. |
D.changing its direction. |
2.According to the scientists’ observation, _______.
A.the asteroid named Apophis will explode in 2036. |
B.the asteroid named Apophis might hit the earth in 2036. |
C.the asteroid named Apophis is 24 years old. |
D.there is plenty of time to decide the way we deal with the asteroid. |
3.What is the impact from Apophis if it hits the earth?
A.It will damage Hiroshima. |
B.Thousands of square kilometers would see the effects of the dust released into the atmosphere. |
C.It might be the worst damage caused by asteroids in recorded history. |
D.The whole planet would be directly affected by the explosion. |
4.It can be inferred from the text that _____.
A.Hollywood producers will explode Apophis to avoid its hit. |
B.There are only two chances for scientists to make better observations if they can’t grasp the chance next year. |
C.NASA plans to throw a spacecraft at Apophis to change its direction. |
D.It is supportive from astronauts that we explode the Apophis. |
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
How can you hear your friends’ voices when they are far away and you can’t make a long—distance call? Besides the web camera system with your computer, we have a new high-tech way to solve the problem and ease your pain of missing them.
The Japanese company Combiwith created a system—“talking picture”. It makes people in pictures speak!
The “talking picture” has a special pen. It is actually a pen-shaped scanner. It can scan information in special—made pictures. A connected player will then play the information out loud.
First, you need to take a picture and record what you want to say with the company. The company will then make special barcodes(条形码) onto your picture(you can’t see those codes). Those codes are your voice and your words. When you hold up the pen to scan your picture with barcodes, a player connected to the pen will start to play. It plays things you’ve recorded. That way the invention makes the “you” in the picture speak!
Do you want your friends and families talking out of pictures? Have them make pictures like that, and you can hear them whenever you want, only with the “talking picture” system. The system can play messages for up to 12 minutes.
“The pictures would be useful for those who hope to hear the voice of someone living far away,” said Mayumi Fuji, a spokeswoman for the company. “Grandparents, for example, longing to know about their grandchildren, would be happy to hear their voice when they see the picture,” Fuji said.
But it is troublesome to go to the company for taking a special picture first. And, it is much more expensive than using a telephone. The photo with barcodes costs between 17,040 and 17,990 yen(日元)(160 and 169 dollars). The larger picture you want, the more you pay.
Now, just raise a finger, lonely people can have their loved ones speak out of pictures. But, whether the “talking picture” is practical or not, let’s wait and see.
1.What does “talking pictures” mean according to this article?
A.The picture can play what’s been recorded as if the person in the picture “talks”. |
B.You can have a talk with the person in the picture whenever you want to. |
C.The picture can tell you wonderful stories to ease your pain. |
D.The picture can tell what’s on your mind when you are looking at it. |
2.If you want to make a talking picture, you need to ________.
A.take a picture and record what you want to say with the company |
B.make special barcodes onto your picture |
C.a pen—shaped scanner to go with the picture |
D.All of the above |
3.Which of the following is NOT true accordingly?
A.The talking picture system can play messages for 12 minutes at most. |
B.It will cost you more to take a larger talking picture. |
C.It might take a lot of trouble to make a talking picture. |
D.You can make a talking picture by just raising a finger. |
4.What is the attitude of the author?
A.Optimistic. | B.Uncertain. | C.Positive. | D.Pessimistic. |
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身) nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
1.Which of the following is the newspaper editor’s opinion according to Paragraph2?
A. People’s appearances carry message about themselves.
B. Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies.
C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.
D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
2.What can be inferred from the text?
A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.
B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.
C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.
D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the text ?
A. Employees Matter
B. Personal Choices Matter
C. Appearances Matter
D. Hiring Managers Matter
4.The author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as .
A. enthusiastic B. negative
C. positive D. sympathetic
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
CORVALIJS. Ore.-- Engineers at Oregon Suite University have made a breakthrough in the performance of microbial (微生物的)fuel cells that can produce electricity directly from wastewater,opening the door to a future in which waste treatment plants not only will power themselves, but will sell extra electricity.
The new technology ,developed at OSU, can now produce 10 to 50 more times the electricity, per volume, than most oilier approaches using microbial fuel cells,and 100 times more electricity than some.
Researchers say this could eventually change the way that wastewater is treated all over the world, replacing the widely used “activated sludge (泥浆) ” process that has been in use for almost a century. The new approach would produce significant amounts of electricity while effectively cleaning the wastewater,
“If this technology works on a commercial scale the way we believe it will ,the treatment of wastewater could be a huge energy producer, not a huge energy cost.” said Hong Liu ,an associate professor in the OSU Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering. “This could have an impact around the world, save a great deal of money, provide better water treatment and promote energy sustainability.”
The biodegradable (能降解的)characteristics of wastewater, if developed to their full potential, could theoretically provide many times the energy that is now being used to process them, with no additional greenhouse emissions.
OSU researchers reported several years ago on the promise of this technology, but at that time the systems in use produced far less electrical power. With new concepts, the technology can now produce more than two kilowatts per cubic meter of liquid reactor volume.
The new system also works better than an alternative approach to creating electricity from wastewater, based on anacrobic (臭氧的)digestion that produces methane (甲烷).It treats the wastewater more effectively, and doesn’t have any of the environmental drawbacks of that technology, such as production of possible release of methane, a significant greenhouse gas.
1.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A.The treatment of wastewater is a huge energy cost.
B.Wastewater is being treated differently over the world.
C.Waste treatment plants have found a new way to power themselves.
D.Microbial fuel cells will produce more electricity from wastewater.
2.What can we learn about the new technology from the passage?
A.It can produce 100 times more electricity than any approach used today.
B.Through it more electricity can be created and water can be cleaned better.
C.It has already changed the way that wastewater is treated all over the world
D.It has opened the door to put microbial fuel cells to productive use.
3.What attitude does Professor Liu hold towards the new technology?
A. Supportive. B. Critical. C Unconcerned. D. Curious.
4.According to the last paragraph, why does the new system work better than the alternative approach?
A.Because it is co-friendly and treats wastewater more effectively.
B.Because it can make full use of anaerobic digestion producing methane.
C.Because it may produce less methane than the alternative approach.
D.Because it can produce 10 times the energy than the alternative approach.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
7 ways a government shutdown will affect your daily life
(CNN) -- Democrats and Republicans were unable to resolve (解决) their differences over Obamacare (奥巴马医改计划)and now the government is shut down. The two previous shutdowns — 1995 and early 1996 — cost the country $1.4 billion. But what will the shutdown mean for you? Here are 7 ways the government shutdown will affect you.
7. Vacation all I ever wanted: Need to get away? Well, you can’t. At least not to national parks. Or to national zoos. Or to national museums. They'll be closed. Were you thinking more along the lines of a trip to France? If you don’t already have a passport, you might not get your blue book in time. The last time the government shut down, 200,000 applications for passports went unprocessed.
6. If you drive a car, I'll tax the street: You may be thinking, “No functioning government, no need to pay taxes.” Think again. The Man would continue to collect taxes. U.S. bonds would still be issued. And other essential banking functions will go on.
5. Wait a minute, Mr. Postman: You know that whole “Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night” thing? Apparently, the U.S. Postal Service works through shutdowns as well. Sorry, you won’t catch a break from the junk mail.
4. I want a new drug: Oh, the irony (讽刺的). Republicans still want to defund, delay or otherwise withdraw gradually at Obamacare in exchange for funding the government. But the health care act at the center of this storm would continue its process during a shutdown. That is because its funds aren’t dependent on the congressional budget (预算) process.
3. Pass the ammunition (军火): Not so fast. A shutdown would affect the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Translation: That gun permit you wanted processed won’t happen anytime soon if this goes on for a while.
2. Money (that's what I want): Well, if you owned a small business and needed a loan from the government, you would have to wait, depending on how long this lasts. If you were planning to buy a house and needed a federal loan, you would have to wait.
1. I'm proud to be an American: Perhaps the biggest hit would be to the collective psyche (下意识心理). America is the largest economy in the world and a beacon for how democracy ought to work. A recent CNN Research Corporation found that 51% would blame Republicans for the shutdown. The United States has operated without a budget since 2009 and has avoided a government shutdown with last-minute deals. Not only did the government run out of money on Tuesday, but the nation is set to hit its borrowing limit and potentially default on its debt in mid-October. Together, they serve as a double whammy (打击).
1.Which is the most probably meaning of the underlined word?
A. Raise some money. B. Take the money back.
C. Borrow some money. D. went on a strike.
2.When the government’s shut down, what can the Americans do?
A. Apply for a gun permit. B. Apply for a new passport.
C. Apply for a loan. D. Pay taxes.
3.How many times has the American government ever shut down so far?
A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times. D. Not mentioned.
4. According to the essay, what led to the shutdown of the American government?
A. The government of America ran out of money.
B. The government of America is on debts.
C. America is set to hit the borrowing limit of its debts.
D. The American government ran out of money and may fail in repaying its debts.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Malaysia is a country of exciting beauty, with a tropical(热带的) climate. Malaysia’s weather is hotter in the lowlands and cooler in the mountains and highlands. Temperatures vary between 20 and 30 centigrade. Rainfall can be expected at any time, with an average of between 200 and 260 centimeters.
The Malaysian population consists of Malays, Chinese, Indians and Eurasians. Its main religions are Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism and Christianity. Its national language is Malay. English is widely spoken and is used all over the country. Other languages spoken in Malaysia are some Chinese dialects, Tamil, Portuguese and Arabic.
Malaysia is an exciting and fascinating place for tourists, with something special planned throughout the year. The natural attractions are plentiful, with magnificent mountains lying in green, large stretches of sandy beaches and hospitable and friendly people.
Malaysia’s economy is the most advanced in this part of the world. The annual income is M$1, 680, one of the highest in the whole of Asia. Malaysia is the world’s leading exporter of rubber, tin, tropical hardwood, palm oil, pepper, tea, coffee and cocoa and has vast resources of oil.
Malaysia’s capital is Kuala Lumpur in the southwest of the Malay Peninsula. Kuala Lumpur arose in the 1860s when tin was discovered, grew and spread very quickly. It became the state’s capital within forty years of its founding. Now it is home to over one million inhabitants, about 56% of whom are Chinese, 28% Malays and the rest are from anywhere and everywhere.
1.If you visit Malaysia, you will see ________.
A.people of the white and yellow races |
B.many temples and churches |
C.beautiful tropical scenery |
D.All of the above. |
2.Though Malay is Malaysia’s national language, ______.
A.over half of its population speak Chinese |
B.English is also a popular language |
C.people don’t know Malay |
D.it’s only spoken by Malays |
3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Malaysia is one of the richest countries in Asia. |
B.It rains a little now and a little then in Malaysia. |
C.Kuala Lumpur became Malaysia’s capital before 1910. |
D.Malaysia is rich in agricultural products. |
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Honestly, since my daughter was born, I have thought a lot about how to raise a child. I once heard a story that told about when a baby was born. The story said that when a baby was born, a new master was born. The parents of that baby would become the servants. The question is: Why? Based on my observation, this phenomenon is true. Most parents who don't pay much attention to their kids have difficulties with their kids' attitude.
I'll make a comparison of how two families raise their children. The first one is a family with three children. Both mother and father never say "No" to their children's demands. As a result, all of their children became stubborn and won't listen to their parents’ words, "We can't."
The second family educated their children strictly from one year old to high school. The parents never approved or agreed directly to give their children what they wanted. They always postponed one or two days, even if they could afford it. Due to the way their parents educated them, these children understood that if they wanted something, they had to wait or they had to make an effort first. As a result, all the kids from the second family successfully graduated from university on time.
In my opinion, if we want to be successful parents and raise our children well, we have to start disciplining them when they are toddlers but not wait until they become teenagers.
1.Why did the writer give two different stories in this passage?
A.To help prove his opinion about raising a child. |
B.To list different ways that parents may take. |
C.To criticize some parents’ foolish action. |
D.To prove that his way of education is right. |
2.What does the underlined word “postponed” in the third paragraph mean?
A.Carried out at once. | B.Gave up. |
C.Put off. | D.Made a decision. |
3.In the writer’s opinion, which of the following about raising a child is TRUE?
A.Children should be respected once they were born. |
B.Parents should educate their children as early as possible. |
C.It is right time to educate their children when they are teenagers. |
D.Children should be helped whenever they make mistakes. |
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析