Learning Colour Words
In the first few years of their lives, children brought up in English-speaking homes successfully master the use of hundreds of words, including those for objects, actions, emotions, and many other aspects of the physical world. However, when it comes to learning colour words, the same children perform very badly. If shown a blue cup and asked about its colour, typical two-year-olds seem as likely to come up with “red” as “blue”.
Cognitive (认知) scientists at Stanford University in California supposed that children's inability at colour-word learning may be directly linked to the way these words are used in English. They are used mostly in pre-nominal position (e. g. “blue cup”), in contrast to post-nominal position (e. g. “The cup is blue. ”). The difficulty children have may simply come down to the challenge of having to make predictions from colour words to the objects they refer to, rather than from the objects to the colour words.
To explore this idea further, the research team recruited (招募) 40 English children aged between 23 and 29 months and carried out a three-period experiment. It included a pre-test, followed by training in the use of colour words, and finally a post-test that was the same to the pre-test. The pre- and post- test materials contained six objects that were unfamiliar to the children. There were three examples of each object in each of three colours-red, yellow and blue. The objects were presented on trays (托盘), and in both tests, the children were asked to pick out objects in response to requests in which the colour word was either a pre-nominal ( “Which is the red one?”) or a post-nominal ( “Which one is red?”).
In the training, the children were introduced to five sets of familiar items (balls, cups, crayons, glasses,and toy bears) in each of the three colours. Half the children were presented with the items one by one and heard them labeled with colour words used pre-nominally, while the other half were introduced to the same items described with a post-nominal colour word. After the training, the children repeated the selection task on the novel items in the post-test. Correct choices on items that were consistent (一致的) across the pre-and post-tests were used to measure children's colour knowledge.
According to the assessment, children's performance was consistent when they were both trained and tested on post-nominal adjectives, and worst when trained on pre-nominal adjectives and tested on post-nominal adjectives. Comparing the pre-and post-test scores across each condition showed a significant decline in performance when children were both pre-and post-tested with questions that placed the colour words pre-nominally.
1.What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?
A.To present a phenomenon. B.To make a contrast.
C.To give a possible explanation. D.To provide an example.
2.What can we learn about the experiment from the passage?
A.The children had to place the pre-and post-test objects onto coloured trays.
B.The children were presented with the same objects in the pre-and post-tests.
C.Pre-nominal questions were less used than post-nominal questions in the training.
D.The researchers aimed to look for consistencies in children's knowledge of word order.
3.The outcome of the experiment shows that ______.
A.children are unable to accurately sort objects by colour.
B.children trained on pre-nominal adjectives perform well.
C.children learn colour words rapidly in post-nominal position.
D.children can make predictions from the objects to the colour words.
九年级英语阅读单选困难题
Learning Colour Words
In the first few years of their lives, children brought up in English-speaking homes successfully master the use of hundreds of words, including those for objects, actions, emotions, and many other aspects of the physical world. However, when it comes to learning colour words, the same children perform very badly. If shown a blue cup and asked about its colour, typical two-year-olds seem as likely to come up with “red” as “blue”.
Cognitive (认知) scientists at Stanford University in California supposed that children's inability at colour-word learning may be directly linked to the way these words are used in English. They are used mostly in pre-nominal position (e. g. “blue cup”), in contrast to post-nominal position (e. g. “The cup is blue. ”). The difficulty children have may simply come down to the challenge of having to make predictions from colour words to the objects they refer to, rather than from the objects to the colour words.
To explore this idea further, the research team recruited (招募) 40 English children aged between 23 and 29 months and carried out a three-period experiment. It included a pre-test, followed by training in the use of colour words, and finally a post-test that was the same to the pre-test. The pre- and post- test materials contained six objects that were unfamiliar to the children. There were three examples of each object in each of three colours-red, yellow and blue. The objects were presented on trays (托盘), and in both tests, the children were asked to pick out objects in response to requests in which the colour word was either a pre-nominal ( “Which is the red one?”) or a post-nominal ( “Which one is red?”).
In the training, the children were introduced to five sets of familiar items (balls, cups, crayons, glasses,and toy bears) in each of the three colours. Half the children were presented with the items one by one and heard them labeled with colour words used pre-nominally, while the other half were introduced to the same items described with a post-nominal colour word. After the training, the children repeated the selection task on the novel items in the post-test. Correct choices on items that were consistent (一致的) across the pre-and post-tests were used to measure children's colour knowledge.
According to the assessment, children's performance was consistent when they were both trained and tested on post-nominal adjectives, and worst when trained on pre-nominal adjectives and tested on post-nominal adjectives. Comparing the pre-and post-test scores across each condition showed a significant decline in performance when children were both pre-and post-tested with questions that placed the colour words pre-nominally.
1.What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?
A.To present a phenomenon. B.To make a contrast.
C.To give a possible explanation. D.To provide an example.
2.What can we learn about the experiment from the passage?
A.The children had to place the pre-and post-test objects onto coloured trays.
B.The children were presented with the same objects in the pre-and post-tests.
C.Pre-nominal questions were less used than post-nominal questions in the training.
D.The researchers aimed to look for consistencies in children's knowledge of word order.
3.The outcome of the experiment shows that ______.
A.children are unable to accurately sort objects by colour.
B.children trained on pre-nominal adjectives perform well.
C.children learn colour words rapidly in post-nominal position.
D.children can make predictions from the objects to the colour words.
九年级英语阅读单选困难题查看答案及解析
We live in the computer age. People use computers to do much of their work. But few people know how to look after them. Remember the following when you use your computer:
1.Keep your computer in a cool, dry room. Too much or too little heat is bad for computers. Damp(潮湿) is also bad for them.
2.Do not let people smoke near your computer. Smoke of all kinds is very bad for many parts of a computer.
3.Do not eat or drink when you are near your computer. Pieces of food and a little water in the keyboard are also bad for a computer.
4.Keep your screen clean and do not have it too bright. They are bad for your eyes. Make sure the screen is not too far from or too near your eyes. Some people use different glasses to protect their eyes when they use a computer.
1.Computers can ________ people to do a lot of work.
A.use B.help C. make D.take
2.Few people know how to ________ their computers.
A.look at B.try out C.look for D.take care of
3.A computer works well at a temperature of ________.
A.0℃ B.-5℃ C.20℃ D.35℃
4.Smoke is not good for many parts of a computer, is it?
A.Yes,it is. B.No,it isn't. C.Yes,a little. D.Not at all.
5.A dirty screen or a very bright screen is ________ for your eyes.
A.bad B.good C.useful D.helpful
九年级英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
When I moved into an empty dormitory for the first time two years ago, I was certain of a few things. Firstly, I realized that I didn’t anybody at the school. Secondly, I knew that I wanted to work hard at my lessons and learn something useful. And thirdly, I wanted to have a good time with new classmates, without my parents around.
The first frightened me in the beginning. But that quickly disappeared. It was the other two goals ended up being my difficulties. I knew that it was hard to devote enough time to class and to social efforts. But I wanted to in both. I knew this would be a , but I didn’t realize how much until classes began.
I got on well with the other girls who lived in my dorm. , instead of finishing my homework it was due, I went upstairs and had ice cream with my neighbor. I always finished it the next day between classes. I knew it wasn’t very good and the grade I showed my lack of effort.
I was that I needed to find some sort of balance. So I created a schedule that would my time up between going to class, doing homework, and relaxing. It seemed like a good idea, but I was only able to it for a few days. A schedule like that was too much pressure.
So I tried another . Each week I made a list of everything I had to get done during that week. Then, under the list of things I had to get done, I made a list of things I could do if I had time.
This is the method I have used since then. I’m glad that I’ve learned to things and it has prepare me for what is to come after graduation.
1.A. know B. recognize C. realize D. like
2.A. teacher B. day C. class D. realization
3.A. happiness B. excitement C. fear D. desire
4.A. which B. what C. that D. who
5.A. win B. succeed C. get D. wish
6.A. chance B. job C. challenge D. time
7.A. Often B. Seldom C. Unluckily D. Fortunately
8.A. because B. when C. after D. before
9.A. required B. took C. accepted D. received
10.A. asleep B. awake C. ashamed D. aware(意识到的)
11.A. fix B. divide C. put D. build
12.A. use B. keep C. follow D. make
13.A. plan B. energy C. pressure D. effort
14.A. do B. control C. balance D. hold
15.A. had B. helped C. let D. forced
九年级英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Every year thousands of people get hurt or lose their lives when they are crossing the road. Most of them are old people and children. Old people often get hurt because they can’t see or hear very well. Children usually meet with accidents because of their carelessness. They forget to look and listen before they cross the road.
How can we reduce (减少) traffic accidents? All of us must obey the traffic rules. For the drivers, they shouldn’t drive too fast. If they drive too fast, it will be very difficult to stop the cars in a very short time. For the pedestrians, it’s very important to be careful when they are walking on the road. You must stop and look both ways before crossing the road. Look left first, next look right, and then look left again. When you make sure that it is safe, you can cross it. The right way to cross the road is to walk quickly. It’s not safe to run. If people run across the road, they may fall down. We should try to help children, old people, and blind people to cross the road, and never play in the street.
1.Many old people and children often get hurt when they .
A. play outside B. cross the road
C. play in the park D. drive too fast
2.To reduce traffic accidents, isn’t allowed in the street.
A. driving too fast
B. helping the blind cross the road
C. crossing the road carefully
D. obeying the traffic rules
3.When crossing the road, we mustn’t .
A. stop and look both ways
B. run quickly
C. make sure that it is safe
D. look around carefully
4.What does the underlined word “pedestrians” mean?
A. 司机 B. 洒水车 C. 行人 D. 公交车
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Helping the old cross the road.
B. How to reduce traffic accidents.
C. Making more traffic rules.
D. Traffic accidents are terrible.
九年级英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Every year thousands of people get hurt or lose their lives when they are crossing the road. Most of them are old people and children. Old people often get hurt because they can’t see or hear very well. Children usually meet with accidents because of their carelessness. They forget to look and listen before they cross the road.
How can we reduce (减少) traffic accidents? All of us must obey the traffic rules. For the drivers, they shouldn’t drive too fast. If they drive too fast, it will be very difficult to stop the cars in a very short time. For the pedestrians, it’s very important to be careful when they are walking on the road. You must stop and look both ways before crossing the road. Look left first, next look right, and then look left again. When you make sure that it is safe, you can cross it. The right way to cross the road is to walk quickly. It’s not safe to run. If people run across the road, they may fall down. We should try to help children, old people, and blind people to cross the road, and never play in the street.
1.Many old people and children often get hurt when they .
A. play outside B. cross the road
C. play in the park D. drive too fast
2.To reduce traffic accidents, isn’t allowed in the street.
A. driving too fast
B. helping the blind cross the road
C. crossing the road carefully
D. obeying the traffic rules
3.When crossing the road, we mustn’t .
A. stop and look both ways
B. run quickly
C. make sure that it is safe
D. look around carefully
4.What does the underlined word “pedestrians” mean?
A. 司机 B. 洒水车 C. 行人 D. 公交车
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Helping the old cross the road.
B. How to reduce traffic accidents.
C. Making more traffic rules.
D. Traffic accidents are terrible.
九年级英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Every year thousands of people get hurt or lose their lives when they are crossing the road. Most of them are old people and children. Old people often get hurt because they can’t see or hear very well. Children usually meet with accidents because of their carelessness. They forget to look and listen before they cross the road.
How can we reduce (减少) traffic accidents? All of us must obey the traffic rules. For the drivers, they shouldn’t drive too fast. If they drive too fast, it will be very difficult to stop the cars in a very short time. For the pedestrians, it’s very important to be careful when they are walking on the road. You must stop and look both ways before crossing the road. Look left first, next look right, and then look left again. When you make sure that it is safe, you can cross it. The right way to cross the road is to walk quickly. It’s not safe to run. If people run across the road, they may fall down. We should try to help children, old people, and blind people to cross the road, and never play in the street.
1.Many old people and children often get hurt when they .
A. play outside B. cross the road
C. play in the park D. drive too fast
2.To reduce traffic accidents, isn’t allowed in the street.
A. driving too fast
B. helping the blind cross the road
C. crossing the road carefully
D. obeying the traffic rules
3.When crossing the road, we mustn’t .
A. stop and look both ways B. run quickly
C. make sure that it is safe D. look around carefully
4.What does the underlined word “pedestrians” mean?
A. 司机 B. 洒水车 C. 行人 D. 公交车
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A. Helping the old cross the road.
B. How to reduce traffic accidents.
C. Making more traffic rules.
D. Traffic accidents are terrible.
九年级英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Many ________ of animals lost their lives in the big forest fire in Australia last year.（百万）
九年级英语根据中/英文提示填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
We live in the world full of colours. Does a colour have weight? If you say “no”, you are wrong. If you don’t believe, you may do an experiment.
First, put two objects with the same weight into two boxes. Then cover the boxes. Third, wrap one box with a red piece of paper, the other woth a white piece of paper. Now hold the boxes with your hand one by one. It is certain that you think the red one is a little heavier.
Why? A scientist found that different colours have different weight in a man’s mind. So he did many tests and at last he found that every colour has its own weight in our mind and their order is the same. The heaviest colour is red, then blue, green, orange, yellow and white.
The scientist told us that colours also have smell. Can you smell the colour? Of course not. Then why did the scientist say so? That is because every colour stands for a kind of light with a certain wavelength, and it reaches our brain through sense organs.
According to this discovery, scientists say that people accept the colours they like, and refuse the colours they hate. So your body and mind will be healthy by using the colours you like. Or you’ll be nervous or even get ill. For example, if you stay in a room with red windows, wallpapers and furniture for two hours, you’ll feel you have been there for four hours. But if the room is blue, you’ll feel you have been there for only an hour. Another example, if a person walks out of a red room and into a blue room, his tempertature will fall. That means our body temperature will change with different colours.
1.Paragraph 1-3 tell us that ___________.
A. the two boxes have the same weight
B. colours can change the weight of an object
C. the red paper is heavier than the white paper
D. colours have different weight in people’s mind
2.Why did the scientist think that colours have smell?
A. Because we can smell colours with our nose.
B. Because every colour has its own sweet smell.
C. Because people can sense the light from colours
D. Because every colour can give off light of the same length.
3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. People may get ill if they refuse the colours they don’t like.
B. People can stay longer in blue rooms than in red rooms.
C. In people’s mind, red colour is heavier than white colour.
D. People’s body temperature will change with different colours.
4.What is the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “wavelength”?
A. 波浪 B. 色彩 C. 频率 D. 波长
5.The passage is probably _________.
A. a short novel B. a news report C. a science report D. an advertisement
九年级英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
A few years ago I went through a period of such depression (抑郁症) that life didn’t seem worth living. It was like winter, so cold that the sun would never shine.
Then I saw snowdrops (雪花莲) pushing through the freezing, hard ground. I looked at them every day until I felt that if they could come back to life, then so could I. Those green shoots gave me hope in a way that nothing else did.
As spring came, I started to put in more and more plants until the garden was filled with color. Life was growing through my hands; gentle, peaceful, but, above all. Optimistic. If I gave love, it was returned much more.
I could spend hours lost in gardening. The depression I have is passed from my mother. It has affected generation (代) of my family and may happen in any situation. I can be depressed when the sun is shining or I am with a group of loving friends.
Of course, fresh air and exercise help to make depression less serious, but for me gardening is more than that. It means patience as well as hope.
At the end of the9 first garden I made stood a huge tree. It stood up to freezing temperatures and strong winds. It bent(弯曲) but never broke. The leaves dropped until it was covered with noting, but it always, always came back to life. And so I learned that we may fall down, but hope is living thing.
1.What does the underlined sentence mean?
A.I could come back to life sooner or later.
B.I looked after them carefully so they could come back to life.
C.I don’t know if they could push through the freezing hard ground.
D.I could also come back to life if the snowdrops could.
2.According to the fourth paragraph, who may not have depression?
A.My friend B.My mother C.My son D.My grandmother
3.From the passage, we know that _____
A.I couldn’t find my way in the garden.
B.Although the bad weather made the tree no longer straight, it never broke.
C.I could feel happy when there were lots of friends around me.
D.The leaves fell and the tree died.
4.This passage is probably from a(n) ______
A.CD review B.advertisement C.magazine D.guide book
九年级英语阅读单选简单题查看答案及解析
A few years ago , the company I worked for sent my wife and me to live in New York for a year. I've always loved running, so I was really _____when I found out I lived next to Central Park. This meant that I could go to the park to_____every morning before I went to work.
A lot of people had told me to be careful of robbers (强盗) in the park , so usually I didn't take any_____with me. What could robbers do to me? But one morning, my _____gave me a $ 10 bill and asked me to buy some bread on the way. While I was running through the park , another jogger (慢跑者) ______me . Just as I was wondering what was happening, he said sorry to me and_____running. I thought it was kind of strange, and suddenly it reminded me of my money,so I checked my pocket and found that the money was_____. Without thinking twice I ran after that jogger. The minute I held him by the arm , I shouted , "Give my money back! Now!" I am not usually a hot﹣headed(性急的) person,_____I got really angry this time. This seemed to frighten him. He took out the money and gave it to me. Then he ran away_____.
I bought the bread and went home. As soon as I got home, I began to tell my wife my story, "You won't______what happened to me," I started. She immediately stopped me, "I know, you left the money for the bread on the kitchen table."
1.A. upset B. happy C. worried D. nervous
2.A. run B. chat C. read D. clean
3.A. drink B. snacks C. food D. money
4.A. friend B. boss C. wife D. neighbor
5.A. knocked into B. looked at C. waited for D. shouted to
6.A. stopped B. practiced C. continued D. keep
7.A. safe B. broken C. missing D. passed
8.A. but B. so C. unless D. and
9.A. thankfully B. quickly C. carefully D. slowly
10.A. forget B. understand C. remember D. believe
九年级英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析