A team of researchers from Oxford University ...

A team of researchers from Oxford University has demonstrated a self-driving car that is different from such cars being tested by Audi, Ford, etc. It’ s much cheaper because it’s based on off-the-shelf(现成的) technology and controlled by an ordinary iPad. Instead of using GPS to understand the location, the car learns routes when a person is driving, and then asks after it’s got it down, if the driver would like the computer to take over.

As time passes, it’s becoming very clear that people believe computers would be better drivers than humans. This has been proven by extensive research that indicates that computers are able to react more quickly to driving conditions, make smarter decisions, don’t take risks, and don’t make mistakes in concentration. They don’t drink either, of course, which means accidents due to drunk driving could be reduced dramatically if the computer could take over when someone needs to get home from the bar. And the team says drivers don’t need their cars to know everything about every road, condition or possible danger. Instead, they just need to know how to get from one point to another, and to do a good job of it when asked.

To that end, the researchers have added cameras, lasers, a central computer to process information and a regular iPad. In practice, the car would learn how to get to and from places that the driver frequents, such as their work place, the local pub or grocery store. Once it has it down, the computer asks the driver if they’ d like a rest. If so, they simply tap the iPad, and the car takes over.

It’ s very simple and doesn’t require nearly the same number of devices as those being tested by other car companies. The researchers say people might be able to get the total price of the system below a hundred dollars. And of course, the iPad can be lifted out and carried away for other purposes when not being used as a driver assistant.

1.The car tested by Oxford University are different from others in that they ________.

A. use available low-cost technology

B. depend on GPS to understand the location

C. can choose the places for their owners to visit

D. can develop a good relationship with their owners

2.Computers are believed to be better drivers than humans mainly because they ________.

A. are more likely to take risks

B. are more familiar with every road

C. become more skilful at avoiding dangers

D. can respond to new situations more quickly

3.We can infer from the passage that the iPad __________.

A. cannot be removed from cars when it’s not used

B. has replaced cameras, lasers and a central computer

C. needs to be specially designed for a self-driving car

D. acts as a tool for drivers to control their self-driving cars

4.What best describes the author’s tone in this passage?

A. Objective.　　 B. Worried.

C. Serious　 　　 D. Subjective.

5.In which column of a newspaper can we find this passage?

A. Opinion　　 B. Fashion　 C. Technology　 D. Education

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

A team of researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago found that too many kids are eating too much pizza and too many calories are doing harm to children’s health.

“There are a lot of takeaways from the study. But the biggest thing is that parents are serving their kids too much pizza,” said Dr.William Dietz, one of the study’s authors and the director of the Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness at the Milken Institute of Public Health at the George Washington University.

The researchers used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which tracked the diets of more than 11,000 children and teenagers. Researchers figured how many children eat pizza in the United States, how often they eat it, and how much they eat when they do.

Pizza, pretty alarmingly, is the second leading source of calories in the diets of America’s children, next only to grain desserts, such as cookies and other sweets. On any given day, roughly 20 percent of all children aged 2 to 11 and adolescents aged 12 to 19 eat pizza. And when they do, they eat a lot of it. When children eat pizza, they eat roughly 400 calories, according to the study. For teenagers, it’s upwards of 600 calories.

All that is pretty problematic, according to Dietz largely because kids don’t tend to balance the pizza slices with salads, vegetables and other more nutritional(有营养的) foodstuffs. Days on which children and teenagers eat pizza are not only associated with considerably higher intakes of fat, but also, quite simply, with more food: on average, children consume 84 extra calories on the days they eat pizza, while adolescents consume an extra 230 calories.

“When you eat extra calories and don’t compensate(抵偿) for them at another point of the day or week, it can lead to weight gain and even obesity.”Dietz said.

There is a Silver lining. Pizza consumption is still too high by nutrition standards, but it’s lower than it used to be. Consumption(消费) fell by roughly 25 percent between 2007 and 2016, according to the study. Much of that has come at dinner where it's fallen by 40 percent for children and about 33 percent for teenagers. It’s unclear whether the decline has been in connection with a growing concern over obesity, especially among the country’s youth.

But the drop in pizza consumption, while significant hasn’t been big enough “It’s a positive trend,” Dietz said. “But we’re not quite them yet.”

It’s easy to see the appeal of pizza. It’s cheap. Parents can buy a lot of pizza for not a lot of money. Besides, they can buy pizza from a chain shop, a mom-and-pop store or a grocery freezer. And it’s universally loved. The estimated 3 billion pizza eaten each year in the United States is a proof of the food’s unmatched popularity. Given how much the country loves pizza, what’s to be done? Dietz suggests pizza with smaller serving sizes and healthier toppings(配料). “We’re not suggesting that kids avoid pizza altogether.” said Dietz. “But when parents serve it, it’s important that they understand it’s extremely caloric. They should serve smaller pizza, or at least smaller slices.”

1.According to the study, the problem with kids is that 　　　 .

A. they are overweight　　 B. they have too many takeaways

C. they are fed too much pizza　　 D. they have very bad health

2.How did the researchers get the result?

A. Through interviewing.　　 B. By analyzing data.

C. By tracking kids’ diets.　　 D. Through experimenting.

3.We know from the passage that when kids eat pizza, 　　　　 .

A. they usually don’t eat other food　　 B. they eat less of other food

C. they are not likely to balance their diet　　 D. they usually eat with vegetables

4.What does the underlined part a silver lining in Paragraph 7 probably mean?

A. Something hopeful　　 B. Something valuable.

C. Something miserable.　　 D. Something successful.

5.What’s the key message of the last paragraph?

A. Pizza consumption fell significantly in America.

B. Pizza has many advantages over other food.

C. Eating too much pizza can lead to failing health and obesity.

D. The pizza problem may be improved through its size and topping.

高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Jane, a student of Oxford University, has bought a bicycle and is concerned about the safety of her new bike. Her friend, Kate, found this article and sent it to her.

How to make your bicycle safe?

A number of crimes(罪行) are against bicycles. About 150,000 bicycles are stolen every year and most of them are never found. You can prevent this from happening by following a few careful steps.

Basic Security

Never leave your bicycle in out-of-the-way places. Always lock your bicycle when you leave. Secure it to lamp posts or trees. Take off smaller parts and carry them with you, for example lights and saddles (车座).

Locks

There are various types of locks. Buy one that has been tested against attack. Ask for a suggestion from a bike shop owner.

Marking

The security marking of your bike can act as a prevention of being stolen, which can also help the police find your bicycle. Your postcode and your house or flat number should be included and clearly recorded. This will provide a simple way to recognize your bicycle.

Registration (注册)

There are many companies that will offer the security marking to your bicycle. They will then store your registration number and personal details in their computer database(数据库). If your bicycle is found, it will be easy to contact you.

Attention

Keep a record of the bicycle by yourself: its production place, model and registration number. You can even take a photograph of it. This will prove the bicycle belongs to you.

1.Which part of the article gives the information on how to lock your bicycle when you leave?

A. Basic Security　　 B. Locks

C. Marking　　 D. Registration

2.Which one is WRONG about the security marking of a bicycle?

A. It can help the police to find and recognize the lost bike.

B. Some companies can help you in marking the bike.

C. It can make sure that the bike won’t be stolen.

D. The security marking database makes it easy to get in touch with the owner.

3.The article advises you to keep a record of your bicycle _______.

A. by both your friend and your parents

B. both in a security company and Oxford University

C. by yourself and in a security company that offers security marking

D. in the police station as well as Oxford University

4.To make your bike safe, which of the following information need NOT be recorded?

A. your registration number and personal details

B. the lock you buy and the suggestion from a bike shop owner

C. the production place of the bike and your address

D. both the type of the bike and its picture

高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Empathy

Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped a lot over the past 10 years. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the　 researchers said. Today, people spend more time alone and seldom join groups and clubs.

Jennifer Freed, a director of a teen program, has another explanation. on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect(尊重).　 Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.

There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially connected with nature. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is important to those relationships. Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers always have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be helpful for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.

Empathy is also necessary for a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one the most important things they look for in new managers. Social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional(情感的) intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life. “Tests results are important. But if you don’t have emotional intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.

What’s the best way to up your EQ(情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. “One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says. To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

1.Why does empathy among college students drop a lot?

A. They spend too much time on screen.

B. Understanding each other is hard for them.

C. They are busy with their studies.

D. Programs on screens are attractive.

2.What does Jennifer Freed think of reality shows on TV?

A. Exciting.　　 B. Boring.

C. Bad.　　 D. Good.

3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A. Necessary social skills in daily life.

B. The importance of empathy for leaders.

C. Successful leaders with high empathy.

D. The requirements for new managers.

4.What are people encouraged to do according to the last paragraph?

A. Show your opinions freely.

B. Work as doctors.

C. Develop empathy in different ways.

D. Protect animals.

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Empathy

Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __1.__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.

Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __2.__

There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __3._ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.

Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __4.__“Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.

What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __5.__

To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.

A．Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.

B．That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.

C．“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.

D．Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.

E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.

F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.

G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.

高一英语信息匹配中等难度题查看答案及解析

According to new research from the University of Cambridge in England, sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.

The farm animals, who are social and have large brains, were previously known to be able to recognize one another, as well as familiar humans. However, their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel.

The recent study, the results of which were published in the journal Royal Society: Open Science. Show the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces, including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson.

Initially, the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards. Later, they were able to recognize the image for which they had been rewarded. The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle, though their ability to do so declined by about 15 percent – the same rate at which a human’s ability to perform the same task declines.

“Anyone who has spent time working with sheep will know that they are intelligent, individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers,” said Professor Jenny Morton, who led the Cambridge study. “We’ve shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities, comparable with those of humans and monkeys.”

Recognizing faces is one of the most important social skills for human being, and some disorders of the brain, including Huntington’s disease, affect this ability.

“Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys. That means they can be useful models to help us understand disorders of the brain, such as Huntington’s disease, that develop over a long time and affect cognitive abilities. Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change,” Morton said.

1.According to the new research, what’s unusual about sheep?

A. They have large brains.

B. They can recognize their owners.

C. They can tell animals from humans.

D. They can recognize human faces from photograph.

2.How did the researchers train the sheep?

A. By guiding them to follow their handlers.

B. By showing photos of humans and monkeys by turns.

C. By giving food rewards.

D. By showing photos of famous people.

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Sheep have a higher face-recognition ability than monkeys.

B. The new discovery is beneficial to the study of cognitive ability changes.

C. The sheep’s face-recognition ability says the same when shown photos at any angle.

D. The sheep’s face-recognition ability may prevent some disorders of the brain.

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

A. A New discovery about Sheep. B. How Sheep Recognize Each Other.

C. A Wonderful Scientist. D. The Life of Sheep.

高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

According to new research from the University of Cambridge in England, sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.

The farm animals, who are social and have large brains, were previously known to be able to recognize one another, as well as familiar humans. However, their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel.

The recent study, the results of which were published in the journal Royal Society; Open Science, show the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces, including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson.

Initially, the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards. Later, they were able to recognize the images for which they had been rewarded. The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle, though their ability to do so declined by about 15 percent—the same rate at which a human’s ability to perform the same task declines,

“Anyone who has spent time working with sheep will know that they are intelligent and individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers.” said Professor Jenny Morton,　 who led the Cambridge study. “We’ve shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities, close to those of humans and monkeys.”

Recognizing faces is one of he most important social skills for human beings, and some disorders of the brain, including Huntington’s disease, affect this ability.

“Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys. That means they can be useful models to help us understand disorders of the brain, such as Huntington’s disease that develop over a long time and affect cognitive (认识的) abilities. Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.” Morton said.

1.According to the new research, what’s unusual about sheep?

A. They have large brains.

B. They can recognize their owners.

C. They can tell animals from humans.

D. They can recognize human faces from photographs.

2.How did the researchers train the sheep?

A. By giving food rewards.

B. By showing photos of famous people.

C. By guiding them to follow their handlers.

D. By showing photos of humans and monkeys by tums.

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Sheep have a higher face-recognition ability than monkeys.

B. The new discovery is of great benefit to the study of cognitive ability changes.

C. The sheep’s face-recognition ability may prevent some disorders of the brain.

D. The sheep’s face-recognition ability stays the same when shown photos at any angle.

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

A. A Wonderful Scientist.

B. The Life of Sheep.

C. A New Discovery about Sheep.

D. How Sheep Recognize Each Other.

高一英语长对话或独白中等难度题查看答案及解析

According to new research from the University of Cambridge in England, sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.

The farm animals, who are social and have large brains, were previously known to be able to recognize one another, as well as familiar humans. However, their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel.

The recent study, the results of which were published in the journal Royal Society showed that the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces, including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson.

Initially, the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards. Later, they were able to recognize the image for which they had been rewarded. The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle, though their ability to do so declined by about 15 percent - the same rate at which a human’s ability to perform the same task declines.

“Anyone who has spent time working with sheep will know that they are intelligent, individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers,” said Professor Jenny Morton, who led the Cambridge study. “We’ve shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities, comparable with those of humans and monkeys.”

Recognizing faces is one of the most important social skills for human being, and some disorders of the brain, including Huntington’s disease, affect this ability.

“Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys. That means they can be useful models to help us understand disorders of the brain, such as Huntington’s disease, which develops over a long time and affects cognitive abilities. Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.” Morton said.

1.According to the new research, what’s unusual about sheep?

A. They have large brains.

B. They can recognize their owners.

C. They can recognize human faces from photograph.

D. They can tell animals from humans.

2.How did the researchers train the sheep?

A. By giving food rewards.

B. By showing photos of humans and monkeys by turns.

C. By guiding them to follow their handlers.

D. By showing photos of famous people.

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Sheep have a higher face-recognition ability than monkeys.

B. The sheep’s face-recognition ability may prevent some disorders of the brain.

C. The sheep’s face-recognition ability says the same when shown photos at any angle.

D. The new discovery is beneficial to the study of cognitive ability changes.

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

A. A Wonderful Scientist　　 B. How Sheep Recognize Each Other

C. A New discovery about Sheep　　 D. The Life of Sheep

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

According to new research from the University of Cambridge in England, sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.

The farm animals, who are social and have large brains, were previously known to be able to recognize one another, as well as familiar humans. However, their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel.

The recent study, the results of which were published in the journal Royal Society showed that the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces, including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson.

Initially, the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards. Later, they were able to recognize the image for which they had been rewarded. The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle, though their ability to do so declined by about 15 percent – the same rate at which a human’s ability to perform the same task declines.

“Anyone who has spent time working with sheep will know that they are intelligent, individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers,” said Professor Jenny Morton, who led the Cambridge study. “We’ve shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities, comparable with those of humans and monkeys.”

Recognizing faces is one of the most important social skills for human being, and some disorders of the brain, including Huntington’s disease, affect this ability.

“Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys. That means they can be useful models to help us understand disorders of the brain, such as Huntington’s disease, which develops over a long time and affects cognitive abilities. Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.” Morton said.

1.According to the new research, what’s unusual about sheep?

A. They have large brains.

B. They can recognize their owners.

C. They can recognize human faces from photograph.

D. They can tell animals from humans.

2.How did the researchers train the sheep?

A. By showing photos of famous people.

B. By showing photos of humans and monkeys by turns.

C. By guiding them to follow their handlers.

D. By giving food rewards.

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Sheep have a higher face-recognition ability than monkeys.

B. The sheep’s face-recognition ability may prevent some disorders of the brain.

C. The new discovery is beneficial to the study of cognitive ability changes.

D. The sheep’s face-recognition ability says the same when shown photos at any angle.

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

A. A New discovery about sheep.　　 B. How Sheep Recognize Each Other.

C. A Wonderful Scientist.　　 D. The Life of Sheep.

高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Research at the University of Liverpool, UK, has found that Shakespeare’s language stimulates positive brain activity.

Shakespeare uses a linguistic（语言的）technique known as functional change that involves, for example, using a noun to serve as a verb．Researchers found that this technique allows the brain to understand what a word means before it understands the function of the word within a sentence．This process causes a sudden peak in brain activity and forces the brain to work backwards in order to fully understand what Shakespeare is trying to say.

Professor Philip Davis, from the university’s School of English, said: “The brain reacts to reading a phrase such as ‘he godded me’ from the tragedy of Coriolanus, in a similar way to putting a jigsaw puzzle（拼图玩具）together．If it is easy to see which pieces fit together you become bored of the game．But if the pieces don’t appear to fit, when we know they should, the brain becomes excited．By throwing irregular words into seemingly normal sentences, Shakespeare surprises the brain in a manner that produces a sudden burst of activity — a sense of drama created out of the simplest of things.”

Experts believe that this heightened brain activity may be one of the reasons why Shakespeare’s plays have such a dramatic impact on their readers.

Professor Neil Roberts, from the university’s Magnetic Resonance and Image Analysis Research Center, and Professor Davis, together with Dr Guillaune Thierry, from the University of Wales, UK, monitored 20 participants using an electroencephalogram (EEG) as they read selected lines from Shakespeare’s plays.

“The brain signal is relatively stable when we understand the meaning of a word but when the word changes the grammar of the whole sentence, brain readings suddenly peak．The brain is then forced to retrace its thinking process in order to understand what it is supposed to make of this unusual word,” explains Professor Roberts.

1.The research conducted by the professors has showed that ___________.

A．Shakespeare uses functional change to mislead readers

B．Shakespeare’s language excites positive brain activity.

C．Shakespeare’s plays have a dramatic effect on their readers.

D．Shakespeare’s language makes the brain signal relatively stable

2.Which of the following words can replace the underlined pronoun “it” in the 2nd paragraph?

A．technique       B．word        C．brain       C．sentence

3.In the 3rd paragraph, the example of a jigsaw puzzle is used here to state___________.

A．the function of Shakespeare’s linguistic technique

B．a sense of drama created by playing the game

C．the Shakespeare’s thinking process

D．the brain’s reaction to reading a book

4.Based on the research, Shakespeare’s plays have a great effect on their reader lies in_______.

A．language used in plays

B．characters showed in works

C．brain activity increased in reading

D．thinking process when writing

高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析