-
Inside Animal Minds
Irene Pepperberg, a graduate of Harvard University, was interested in learning if animals could think. The best way to do this, she reasoned, was to talk to them. So she bought an African grey parrot she named Alex and taught him to reproduce the sounds of the English language. “I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world.” She explains.
When Pepperberg began her research with Alex, very few scientists agreed that animals were able to think. How could a scientist prove that animals might, in fact, have intelligence (智力)? “That’s why I started my studies with Alex.” Pepperberg says.
Alex the parrot was a surprisingly good talker. He learned how to use his voice to imitate (模仿) almost 100 English words, including those for foods, colors, shapes and numbers. Although imitation was once considered a simple skill, in recent years, scientists have reported that it’s a very difficult ability. It requires the imitator to form an image of the other person’s body and actions in their mind and then put his own body parts into same place. It is a behavior that shows self-awareness (自我意识). Because Alex had mastered many English words, Pepperberg could ask him questions about a bird’s basic understanding of the world. Alex could count, describe shapes and colors; he even had a basic understanding of the idea of zero.
Many of Alex’s skills are normally only for humans and primates (灵长类). But parrots, live a long time in mixed societies. And like primates, these birds must watch the changing relationships within the group. This may explain Alex’s ability to learn a human language. Parrots learn to pronounce and use our words so they can become a part of our group.
Many researchers say that creativity and language in animals, like other forms of intelligence, have developed. “People were surprised to discover that some primates make tools,” says Alex Kacelnik, an animal researcher at Oxford University. “But people also thought, ‘Well, they share our ancestry (祖先) — of course they are smart.’ Now we are finding these kinds of behaviors in some birds. But we don’t have a recently shared ancestry with birds. It means,” Kacelnik continues, “intelligence is not something only for primates or humans.”
1.Which of Alex’s skills showed self-awareness?
A.Describing colors.
B.Doing simple maths.
C.Copying human sounds.
D.Understanding the idea of zero.
2.What do parrots and primates have in common?
A.They both watch the relationships within the group.
B.They both lived a long time in the same society.
C.Neither of them can reproduce English words.
D.Neither of them likes to be part of a group.
3.Kacelnik probably agrees that ______.
A.some birds are more intelligent than humans
B.birds share a common ancestry with humans
C.only humans and primates are able to think
D.some animals are surprisingly intelligent
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Research that shows intelligence is not limited to humans.
B.Ways of teaching animals to become more intelligent.
C.How human and animal intelligence are different.
D.How animals can communicate with humans.
-
He Jing ____________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
A. invites B. invited C. is invited D. was invited
-
He Jing ____________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
A. invites B. invited C. is invited D. was invited
-
Not only kids of Tiger Moms go to Harvard.
Dawn Loggins of Lawndale, N.C. is on her way to Harvard, one of the eight world-famous universities in the eastern US. Nobody encouraged her to study or paid for her special classes. This girl created her own future.
The teen was abandoned by her family last summer, when her parents and two sisters moved to Tennessee. She found herself homeless and had to spend the night on friend's sofas.
The school bus driver learned about Dawn's situation and invited Dawn to move in with her family. Soon, Dawn had a job at Burns High School. She worked from 6 a.m. to 7:40 a.m. before the first school bell rang. she swept floors and picked up trash again in the afternoons, before diving(跳水)into her studies in the evenings.
Dawn's hard work paid off. she finished school with a 3.9 GPA and scored 2,110 on the SAT.
"There were times when I felt like it would be easiest if I gave up," the 18-year-old said."But it was never in me to give up, because I realized that I was never going to be successful unless I got an education."
Even before Dawn's family left her, she led a difficult life. Her family was poor and cups of noodles were often the only food. Dawn "studied by candlelight" because her parents couldn't afford to pay the electricity bill(电费).
Dawn has now reconnected with her family. They are proud of her accomplishments(成就) and are attending her high school graduation.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1.Why didn't Dawn give up her studies?
A.To reconnect with her family.
B.To thank those who had helped her.
C.To get an education to be successful.
D.To realize her dream of going to Harvard.
2.Who helped Dawn when she found herself homeless?
A.Her teachers. B.Her neighbors. C.A Tiger Mom. D.A school bus driver.
3.What does the underlined word " abandoned " mean in Chinese?
A.宠爱 B.抛弃 C.鼓励 D.虐待
4.Which of the following words describes Dawn?
A.Open-minded. B.Good-natured. C.Strong-willed. D.Warm-hearted
5.What is the best title for the text?
A.Another Harvard girl. B.A girl in candlelight.
C.From homeless to Harvard. D.The role of Tiger Moms.
-
Not only kids of Tiger Moms go to Harvard.
Dawn Loggins of Lawndale, N.C. is on her way to Harvard, one of the eight world-famous universities in the eastern US. Nobody encouraged her to study or paid for her special classes. This girl created her own future.
The teen was abandoned by her family last summer, when her parents and two sisters moved to Tennessee. She found herself homeless and had to spend the night on friend's sofas.
The school bus driver learned about Dawn's situation and invited Dawn to move in with her family. Soon, Dawn had a job at Burns High School. She worked from 6 a.m. to 7:40 a.m. before the first school bell rang. she swept floors and picked up trash again in the afternoons, before diving(跳水)into her studies in the evenings.
Dawn's hard work paid off. she finished school with a 3.9 GPA and scored 2,110 on the SAT.
"There were times when I felt like it would be easiest if I gave up," the 18-year-old said."But it was never in me to give up, because I realized that I was never going to be successful unless I got an education."
Even before Dawn's family left her, she led a difficult life. Her family was poor and cups of noodles were often the only food. Dawn "studied by candlelight" because her parents couldn't afford to pay the electricity bill(电费).
Dawn has now reconnected with her family. They are proud of her accomplishments(成就) and are attending her high school graduation.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1.Why didn't Dawn give up her studies?
A. To reconnect with her family.
B. To thank those who had helped her.
C. To get an education to be successful.
D. To realize her dream of going to Harvard.
2.Who helped Dawn when she found herself homeless?
A. Her teachers. B. Her neighbors. C. A Tiger Mom. D. A school bus driver.
3.What does the underlined word " abandoned " mean in Chinese?
A. 宠爱 B. 抛弃 C. 鼓励 D. 虐待
4.Which of the following words describes Dawn?
A. Open-minded. B. Good-natured. C. Strong-willed. D. Warm-hearted
5.What is the best title for the text?
A. Another Harvard girl. B. A girl in candlelight.
C. From homeless to Harvard. D. The role of Tiger Moms.
-
Dawn Loggins of Lawndale, N.C., is on her way to Harvard, one of the eight world-famous universities in the eastern US. Nobody encouraged her to study or paid for her special classes. This girl created her own future.
The teen was abandoned by her family last summer, when her parents and two sisters moved to Tennessee.
She found herself homeless and had to spend the night on friends' sofas.
The school bus driver learned about Dawn's situation and invited Dawn to move in with her family. Soon, Dawn had a job at Burns High School. She worked from 6 a.m. to 7:40 a.m. before the first school bell rang. She swept floors and picked up trash again in the afternoons, before diving into her studies in the evenings.
Dawn's hard work paid off (取得成功). She finished school with a 3.9 GPA and scored 2,110 on the SAT. "There were times when I felt like it would be easiest if I gave up," the 18-year-old said. "But it was never in me to give up, because I realized that I was never going to be successful unless I got an education."
Even before Dawn's family left her, she led a difficult life. Her family was poor and cups of noodles were often the only food. Dawn "studied by candlelight" because her parents couldn't afford to pay the electricity bill (电费).
Dawn has now reconnected with her family. They're proud of her accomplishments (成就) and are attending her high school graduation.
1.What does the underlined word "abandoned" mean in Chinese?
A.宠爱 B.抛弃 C.鼓励
2.Who helped Dawn when she found herself homeless?
A.Her neighbors. B.Her teacher. C.A school bus driver.
3.Why didn't Dawn give up her studies?
A.To reconnect with her family.
B.To thank those who had helped her.
C.To get an education to be successful.
4.Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?
A.Dawn's parent and her sister moved to Tennessee without her.
B.Dawn did part-time jobs to raise herself.
C.Dawn's marks of GPA was very poor, it was only 3.9.
5.What's the best title for the text?
A.Another Harvard girl. B.A girl in candlelight. C.From homeless to Harvard.
-
Universities in America
Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.
In the early years, these schools were much similar. Only young men went to colleges. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. when the students left school, most of them became ministers or teachers.
In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors, Later, lawyers could receive their training in Harvard’s law school. In 1825. besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began teaching American history.
As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.
Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with (涉及) special fields of learning. There’s so much to learn that one kind of school can’t offer it all.
1.The oldest university in the US is ________.
A. Yale B. Harvard C. Princeton D. Columbia
2.Modern languages the Harvard taught in 1825 were ________.
A. Latin and Greek B. Latin, Greek, French and German
C. American history and German D. French and German
3.As knowledge increased, colleges began to teach ________.
A. everything that was known B. law and something about medicine
C. the subjects that interested students D. many new subjects
-
Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.
In the early years, these schools were nearly the same. Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin and Greek. Little was known about science. And few people knew that one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.
In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could study in Harvard's law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began to teach modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began to teach American history.
As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them. Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There's so much to learn that one kind of school can't offer all.
1.In the early years, people learned_______ in colleges.
A. scienc
e B. medicine C. law D. Latin and Greek
2.Most of college graduates became_______ in the early years.
A. lawyers B. doctors C. ministers or teachers D. businessmen
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to passage?
A. In the early years, everyone can go to colleges.
B. In 1782, Harvard began to teach German.
C. More and more courses were taught in college with the improvement of knowledge.
D. In the early years, different colleges majored in different fields.
4.Nowadays college students_______.
A. can learn everything they are interested in
B. learn the same subjects
C. must learn Latin and Greek
D. go to different smaller schools
-
Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the colleges and universities in the United States. Yale and Columbia were opened soon after Harvard.
In the earlier years these schools were nearly the same. Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin and Greek. Little was known about science. And few people knew that one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.
In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyer could study in Harvard’s law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began to teach modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began to teach American history.
As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.
Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There’s so much to learn that one kind of school can’t offer all.
1.In the early years, people learned _______ in colleges.
A. medicine B. Latin and Greek C. law
2.Most of college graduates became _______ in the early years.
A. ministers or teachers B. lawyers C. doctors
3.Which of the following is not TRUE according to the passage？
A. In the early years, everyone could go to college.
B. In the early years, different colleges majored in same field.
C. More and more courses were taught in colleges with the improvement of knowledge.
4.Which of the following is the right order of the courses taught in Harvard?
a. law b. French and German c. Latin and Greek d. medicine e. American history
A. d-b-e-c-a B. a-d-b-c-e C. c-d-a-b-e
5.Nowadays college students _______.
A. must learn Latin and Greek
B. go to different smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning.
C. learn the same subjects.
-
Started in 1636, Harvard (哈佛) University is the oldest of all the colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were opened soon after Harvard.
In the early years, these schools were nearly the same. Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin and Greek. Little was known about science. And few people knew that one kind of school could teach everything that was known about the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.
In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to become doctors. Later, lawyers could study in Harvard’s law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began to teach modern languages, such as French and German. Soon it began to teach American history.
As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.
Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Most of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning. There’s so much to learn that one kind of school can’t offer all.
1.In the early years, people learned ________ in colleges.
A. science B. medicine C. law D. Latin and Greek
2.Most of college graduates became ________ in the early years.
A. ministers or teachers B. lawyers C. doctors D. workers
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. In the early years, everyone can go to colleges.
B. In 1782, Harvard began to teach German.
C. In the early years, different colleges majored in different fields.
D. More and more courses were taught in college with the improvement of knowledge.
4.Which of the following is the right order of the courses taught in Harvard?
a. law
b. French and German
c. Latin and Greek
d. medicine
e. American history
A. d-b-e-c-a B. a-d-b-c-e C. c-d-a-b-e D. c-d-b-e-a
5.Nowadays college students ________.
A. can learn everything they are interested in
B. go to different smaller schools that deal with special fields of learning
C. learn the same subjects
D. must learn Latin and Greek
e B. medicine C. law D. Latin and Greek