Dogs have an understanding of fair play and b...

Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that another dog is getting a better deal, a new study has found.

The study looked at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal way. Friederike Range, a famous researcher, and her colleagues did a series of experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw”. The dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw, whether they got a reward or not.

But that changed if they saw that another dog was being rewarded with a piece of food, while they received nothing. The dogs hesitated significantly longer when obeying the command to give the paw. Eventually, the unrewarded dogs stopped cooperating.

Researchers always assumed that only humans pay close attention to unfairness. That changed in 2003 when Frans De Waal, a professor of psychology, and a colleague named Sarah Brosnan did a survey on monkeys. Monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a piece of cucumber(黄瓜) in return. However, the monkeys would suddenly become angry when receiving the piece of cucumber if they saw another monkey receive a more delicious reward, such as a grape, for doing the same job. The monkey that got the cucumber would eventually throw away the food and the rock, and would later just stop performing.

In that experiment, the monkeys considered the fairness of two different types of payment, but when Range and her colleagues did a similar study with their trained dogs, testing to see if dogs would become upset if they only got bread when other dogs received sausage, they found that dogs did not make that kind of subtle (细微的) distinction. As long as the dogs got some kind of food payment, even if it wasn’t the most delicious kind, they would play along.

1. The dogs refused to give their paws when they _____________________.

2.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “__________________”.

3.The monkeys would become angry if they found _____________________.

4. Range finds that, compared with monkeys, dogs __________________.

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Most dogs have an easy life in the U. S. They eat, play, get attention from their　　 _________and sleep. But some dogs work hard. They are called guide dogs. Guide dogs help__________people move from place to place safely.

Guide dogs and their owners are a__________. Guide dogs don’t lead the owners, and their owners don’t__________control the guide dogs. They work together. The guide dogs don’t know where the owners want to go, so they__________the owners’ instructions. The owners can’t see the obstacles (障碍物) along the way, so the dogs make decisions for the__________of the owners. Guide dogs stop at all crossroads before__________a street. They don’t see color, so they don’t know if the light is red or　 __________The owners decide if it is time to cross the street by listening to the sound of　　 __________. The dogs help the owners get on a bus or train. They learn to__________many tasks.

Most guide dogs are very__________and friendly. A guide dog needs to work　　 __________distraction(分心) in noisy places, bad weather, crowds of people, and__________situations. When you see a guide dog, it is important that you__________that the dog needs to focus on (集中于）its job. Don’t pet or talk to the dog.__________is very difficult, and it requires a dog’s full___________Guide dog training lasts about five months. Only about 72 percent of dogs that enter the training program “graduate”. Those that graduate bring their owners valuable__________and love. In other dog training programs, trainers use__________as a reward. In guide dog training, the trainers don’t use food. They use physical affection (爱抚). This is__________a guide dog sometimes takes the owner to a restaurant. It must lie__________at the owner’s feet without wanting to eat.

1.A. friends　　 B. parents　　 C. owners　　 D. neighbors

2.A. normal　　 B. blind　　 C. elderly　　 D. deaf

3.A. family　　 B. couple　　 C. class　　 D. team

4.A. obviously　　 B. completely　　 C. exactly　　 D. immediately

5.A. follow　　 B. read　　 C. understand　　 D. repeat

6.A. preference　　 B. health　　 C. safety　　 D. judgment

7.A. crossing　　 B. observing　　 C. mapping　　 D. leaving

8.A. dark　　 B. green　　 C. bright　　 D. yellow

9.A. traffic　　 B. dogs　　 C. music　　 D. steps

10.A. give up　　 B. take off　　 C. look for　　 D. carry out

11.A. small　　 B. clever　　 C. noisy　　 D. attractive

12.A. beyond　　 B. against　　 C. over　　 D. without

13.A. pleasant　　 B. simple　　 C. difficult　　 D. serious

14.A. ignore　　 B. feel　　 C. touch　　 D. recognize

15.A. Thinking　　 B. Deciding　　 C. moving　　 D. Guiding

16.A. attention　　 B. time　　 C. service　　 D. memory

17.A. advice　　 B. experience　　 C. support　　 D. help

18.A. water　　 B. money　　 C. food　　 D. toys

19.A. when　　 B. why　　 C. because　　 D. how

20.A. quickly　　 B. patiently　　 C. carefully　　 D. gently

高一英语完形填空困难题查看答案及解析

Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.

高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.

A. sense　　 B. view　　 C. means　　 D. idea

高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Brownie and Spotty were neighbor dogs who met every day to play together. Like pairs of dogs you can find in any neighborhood, these two loved each other and played together so often that they had worn a path through the grass of the field between their houses.

One evening, Brownie's family noticed that Brownie hadn't returned home. They went looking for him with no success. Brownie didn't show up the next day, and although they made their efforts to find him, by the next week he was still missing.

Curiously, Spotty showed up at Brownie's house alone, barking and jumping. Busy with their own lives, they paid no attention to the nervous little neighbor dog.

Finally, one morning Spotty refused to take ''no'' for an answer. Ted, Brownie's owner, was continuously disturbed by the angry, determined little dog. Spotty followed Ted about, barking all the time, then darting toward a nearby empty lot (an area of land) and back, as if to say, ''Follow me! It's urgent (紧急的)! ''

Eventually, Ted followed Spotty across the empty lot as Spotty stopped to race back and barked encouragingly. The little dog led the man to a deserted spot. There Ted found his beloved Brownie alive, one of his legs stuck in a steel trap. Frightened, Ted now wished he had followed Spotty earlier.

Then Ted noticed something. Spotty had done something else besides leading Brownie's human owner to his trapped friend. In a circle around the injured dog, Ted found some food remains of every meal. Brownie had been fed that week! Spotty had been visiting Brownie regularly, in the hope of keeping his friend alive. Spotty had actually stayed with Brownie to protect him from hunger and other dangers, and keep his spirits up.

Brownie's leg was carefully treated and he soon got well again. For many years thereafter the two families watched the faithful friends running after each other down that well-worn path between their houses.

1.At the very beginning, Ted paid little attention to Spotty because　 _.

A.he was not free at the moment B.he was sure Brownie would be OK

C.he didn't like Spotty D.his missing dog made him sad

2.The underlined word ''darting'' in the third paragraph can be replaced by　　　 .

A.walking B.shouting C.rushing D.looking

3.After Ted was brought where Brownie was trapped, he　　　　 .

A.managed to free his dog at once B.was very thankful to Spotty

C.regretted not following Spotty earlier D.was angry with the trap-maker

4.We can infer from the passage that　　　　 .

A.humans and animals depend on each other for comfort

B.it's not right to hunt animals in any neighborhood

C.Ted has to take better care of his beloved dog later on

D.it was Spotty's timely help that saved Brownie

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

If you are looking for a day trip with the family, here’s a list of festivals and fairs happening within a reasonable drive from Charlotte.

Hopscotch Music Festival

Where: Downtown Raleigh(various places)

When: Today---Saturday

Highlights: This music festival features performances by more than 175 national and international bands playing in 15 different places, all within walking distance. Music genres will include rock, hip-hop, heavy metal, dance, classical, folk and everything in between.

Admission: ＄10--＄30

Details: www.hopscotchmusicfest.com

Flatwoods festival

Where: 451 Peach Tree Toad, Bennett

When: 10 am. Saturday--5 pm Sunday

Highlights: This annual festival, which is in its 15th year, features family fun, food and horse rides. There will also be musical entertainment and a grand parade with cars, trucks, tractors, horse-drawn vehicles, floats, farm equipment and more.

Admission: On Saturday, free; on Sunday, ＄5 for ages 13 and under.

Details: 919-548-5192; www.visitpittsboro.com

NC Mountain State Fair

Where: 1301 Fanning Bridge Road, Fletcher

When: Various times, today---Sept.16

Highlights: In celebration of the people, agriculture, art and traditions that make our region great, the fair offers performances and even a man who carves artwork with a saw.

Admission:＄7; ＄3 for kids 6---12 and seniors

Details: 828-687-1414; www.mountainfair.org

1.What does the underlined word “genres” refer to?

A. Types.　　　　　 B. Activities.

C. Lessons.　　　　 D. Programs.

2.How can you know the details about Flatwoods Festival?

A. By surfing the website:www.mountainfair.org

B. By dialing the telephone number: 828-687-1414

C. By dialing the telephone number: 919-548-5192

D. By surfing the website: www.hopscotchmusicfest.com

3.Where can visitors see a special kind of artwork?

A. Charlotte.　　　　 B. Downtown Raleigh.

C. Bennett.　　 　 　 D. Fletcher.

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

We all like watching online videos of dogs and cats doing funny things. But if you had to decide, which of the two animals would you say you might like better? Your answer may say something about your personality.

According to a 2010 study led by Sam Gosling, a scientist at the University of Texas, US, dog people are about 15 percent more outgoing and 13 percent more pleasant to be friends with than cat people.

This is not hard to understand, since cats and dogs behave differently themselves. “Cats will occasionally engage in social activities, but usually after only a few minutes, they will abandon the game. Dogs, on the other hand, will often engage in play, like fetching a thrown ball, for hours at a time,” said Modern Dog Magazine.

Although cat people are less social, Gosling’s study showed that they are 11 percent more open-minded than dog people. They usually like art, adventures and unusual ideas. They also have more imagination and curiosity. But dog people are more likely to stick to old beliefs and traditional interests.

However, their love of a free lifestyle also means that cat people dislike making plans. They just follow whatever ideas pop into their heads without planning ahead. But dog people are different. They usually have strong self-control and like to carry out their plans.

Despite these big differences between dog people and cat people, there are some things that they have in common, “Both types of people consider themselves close to nature, dislike animal-print clothing, and are generally optimists,” noted Mother Nature Network.

But can personality change? Can a cat person become a dog person, or the other way around? In a study done by Stanley Coren, a scientist based in Canada, he asked cat owners: “If you had enough living space and there were no objections form other people in your life, and someone gave you a puppy as a gift, would you keep it?”

About 68 percent of them said they would not accept a dog as a pet. But when dog owners were asked the same question about a kitten, almost 70 percent said they would allow a cat into their lives.

1.According to the article, dog people _____________ cat people.

A. perform better in school than             B. are more open-minded than

C. have closer friends than　                 D. are more traditional than

2.The underlined phrase “engage in” in Paragraph 3 probably means_____________.

A. take little interest in         B. take part in     C. benefit from　     D. suffer from

3.What do cat people and dog people have in common?

A. Both of them like planning ahead

B. Both of them love travelling and adventures

C. Both of them are imaginative and curious

D. Both of them care about nature.

4.What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?

A. Cat people are more likely to become dog people.

B. Dog people are more likely to accept cats into their homes than cat people are to accept dogs.

C. Neither dog nor cat people like to accept a new pet.

D. It is difficult to find out whether dog people or cat people will make a change.

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Victor doesn’t have _____ sense of ____ humor. If you joke with him, he may get very angry.

A．the, the           B．a, the             C．a,/               D．/,/

高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

You always have to understand what you are good at, and what you are not good at. Or if you are interested in something you always have to master it first.

When I was ten, I came over to my cousin’s house, and that was pain because he lived in New York and I lived in Miami. So I came over every summer break by myself, of course I had my parents’ permission to go that far.

One day, We decided to head to the forest. I was looking forward to this trip because I knew that my cousin was an expert on tree climbing while I was not. So, as we walked closer and closer to the forest, I became jealous because I did not possess the ability to climb trees. When he started climbing a tree I was upset but I joined him hoping not to break my neck. Last Summer break he invited me to his house. I was afraid of climbing to the tree so I gave up. But this time I tried climbing the tree. While I was climbing I was so scared like I was about to die at any moment. But when I was about to climb on the other branch I lost my balance. Luckily I got hold on one of the bottom branches.　 My cousin suddenly started climbing down and tried to help me. After he put me on the ground, he ran to get some help. The pain was just killing me, I lost a lot of blood and I knew that I have to be awake to survive.

Finally, my cousin brought the help. When I waked up I was happy that I did not die. It was pretty insane what happened to me. ( 295 words )

1.The text is mainly about______.

A. My cousin

B. How to learn to climb a tree

C. An impressive experience

D. How to avoid being hurt when climbing

2.Which of the following statements was NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. The author’s cousin was skillful at tree climbing.

B. After falling off, the author lay on the ground.

C. The author would see his cousin every summer vacation.

D. It was the first time for the author to climb the tree.

3.The underlined word “jealous” in paragraph 3 means _____.

A. 嫉妒的　　 B. 害怕的　　 C. 激动的　　 D. 紧张的

4.We can learn from the passage that _____.

A. The author would learn how to climb the tree after recovering.

B. You can do anything well if you are interested in it.

C. You should know yourself well first and do what you can.

D. The author could go out without his parents’ permission.

高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

A．can              B．must             C．need             D．may

高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析