We already know that a lack of sleep will actually prevent your brain from being able to make new memories. You end up feeling as though you’re amnesiac.
A lack of sleep will lead to an increased development of a protein in the brain connected with Alzheimer’s disease because it is during deep sleep at night that a system within the brain starts to wash away this protein. So if you’re not getting enough sleep each and every night, more of that Alzheimer’s-related protein will build up. The more protein that builds up, the greater your risk of developing Alzheimer will be in later life.
What are the effects of the lack of sleep on the body? We know that a lack of sleep impacts your immune system(免疫系统).After just one night of four to five hours of sleep, there is a 70%reduction in immune cells called natural killer cells. And that’s the reason that short sleep predicts your risk for developing many forms of cancer.
In fact, the link between a lack of sleep and cancer is now so strong that recently the World Health Organization decided to classify any form of nighttime shift work as a probable cause of cancer. It is during deep sleep at night that your heart rate drops, your blood pressure goes down. If you’re not getting enough sleep, your blood pressure rises. If you’re getting six hours of sleep or less, you’ll have a 200%increased risk of having a deadly heart attack or stroke in your lifetime.
There is a global experiment that is performed on 1.6 billion people twice a year and it’s called daylight savings time. And we know that in the spring, when we lose one hour of sleep, we see a 24%increase in heart attacks the following day.
Another question, perhaps, is what is the recycle rate of a human being? How long can we actually last without sleep before we start to see worsening in your brain function? And the answer seems to be about 16 hours of wakefulness. Once you get past 16 hours of being awake, that’s when we start to see mental and physical damages in the body. We know that after you’ve been awake for 19 or 20 hours, your mental capacity(心智能力)is so damaged that you would be as slow as someone who was drunk. So if you were to ask me what is the recycle rate of a human being, it does seem to be about 16 hours and we need about eight hours of sleep to repair the damage of wakefulness.
1.The underlined word “amnesiac” in Paragraph 1 probably means
A.sleepy B.tolerant C.relieved D.forgetful
2.According to the article, we can infer that_
A.the more you sleep, the more protein there will be
B.you’re more likely to suffer heart attacks in the spring
C.deep sleep at night protects you from a harmful protein
D.you’ll develop many forms of cancer due to short sleep
3.When you’re awake over 16 hours, .
A.your brain won’t function in a proper way B.your brain needs at least 8 hours to recover
C.you must have drunk large amounts of wine D.you walk as slowly as the physically disabled
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Sleeping sickness kills B.Enough sleep counts
C.Less sleep causes cancer D.Sleep is necessary for man
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题
We already know that a lack of sleep will actually prevent your brain from being able to make new memories. You end up feeling as though you’re amnesiac.
A lack of sleep will lead to an increased development of a protein in the brain connected with Alzheimer’s disease because it is during deep sleep at night that a system within the brain starts to wash away this protein. So if you’re not getting enough sleep each and every night, more of that Alzheimer’s-related protein will build up. The more protein that builds up, the greater your risk of developing Alzheimer will be in later life.
What are the effects of the lack of sleep on the body? We know that a lack of sleep impacts your immune system(免疫系统).After just one night of four to five hours of sleep, there is a 70%reduction in immune cells called natural killer cells. And that’s the reason that short sleep predicts your risk for developing many forms of cancer.
In fact, the link between a lack of sleep and cancer is now so strong that recently the World Health Organization decided to classify any form of nighttime shift work as a probable cause of cancer. It is during deep sleep at night that your heart rate drops, your blood pressure goes down. If you’re not getting enough sleep, your blood pressure rises. If you’re getting six hours of sleep or less, you’ll have a 200%increased risk of having a deadly heart attack or stroke in your lifetime.
There is a global experiment that is performed on 1.6 billion people twice a year and it’s called daylight savings time. And we know that in the spring, when we lose one hour of sleep, we see a 24%increase in heart attacks the following day.
Another question, perhaps, is what is the recycle rate of a human being? How long can we actually last without sleep before we start to see worsening in your brain function? And the answer seems to be about 16 hours of wakefulness. Once you get past 16 hours of being awake, that’s when we start to see mental and physical damages in the body. We know that after you’ve been awake for 19 or 20 hours, your mental capacity(心智能力)is so damaged that you would be as slow as someone who was drunk. So if you were to ask me what is the recycle rate of a human being, it does seem to be about 16 hours and we need about eight hours of sleep to repair the damage of wakefulness.
1.The underlined word “amnesiac” in Paragraph 1 probably means
A.sleepy B.tolerant C.relieved D.forgetful
2.According to the article, we can infer that_
A.the more you sleep, the more protein there will be
B.you’re more likely to suffer heart attacks in the spring
C.deep sleep at night protects you from a harmful protein
D.you’ll develop many forms of cancer due to short sleep
3.When you’re awake over 16 hours, .
A.your brain won’t function in a proper way B.your brain needs at least 8 hours to recover
C.you must have drunk large amounts of wine D.you walk as slowly as the physically disabled
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Sleeping sickness kills B.Enough sleep counts
C.Less sleep causes cancer D.Sleep is necessary for man
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
We all know the feeling of waking up in the middle of the night with a pounding heart and sweaty palms. Relax, you say to yourself— it was just a bad dream. Well, it may be that you really should relax, because nightmares might actually be good for you.
According to New York magazine, bad dreams can improve your mental health. A bad dream tends to be based on a real-life concern, for example, an approaching test or a fear of a person. To eliminate these worries the brain turns the dream into a story in the form of a bad dream.
A bad dream enables you to distance yourself from your anxieties, and turn something you’re worried about now into a memory. The result is that when you wake up, you’re able to move forward and face the future.
A study, featured in The Atlantic magazine, showed something similar. In a survey of more than 700 French students taking a medical school entrance exam, over 60 percent had negative dreams about the test the night before. These included not finishing on time, leaving a question blank, or being late. Those who reported dreams about the exam, even bad ones, did better on it than those who didn’t, suggesting that nightmares do in fact prepare us for the future.
“We think nightmares are so common that they have some purpose to process stressors,” Anne Germain, director of the Sleep Center at the University of Pittsburgh, said.
So, the next time you lie awake at night after a bad dream, remember that it may be the brain’s way of putting your fears behind you and readying you for the future. Although a nightmare may make you afraid in the short term, it might be helping you to move on from the bad stuff you might be facing in the real world. Perhaps we should try to accept our nightmares rather than allow them to keep us awake. After all, lack of sleep causes far more problems than dreams do.
1.Which of the following best explains “eliminate” in Paragraph 2?
A.Remove. B.Reflect. C.Satisfy. D.Strengthen.
2.Why does the author mention the study in the fourth paragraph?
A.To show medical school entrance exams will cause anxiety.
B.To show those who have nightmares will do worse in an exam.
C.To show nightmares help students perform better in an exam.
D.To show most of the students will be stressed before an exam.
3.According to the author, what should we do if we have a bad dream?
A.We should keep ourselves awake.
B.We should relax and go on sleeping.
C.We should study bad dreams carefully.
D.We should prevent it from happening.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A diary. B.A guidebook. C.A novel. D.A magazine.
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
No one knows why we sleep,but it’s certain that we need to.People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effects after a few days—they think less clearly,and they fall asleep during the working hours;some may have hallucinations（幻觉）.
There are no rules about sleep.Generally speaking,grown-ups sleep about 7 and half hours each night and probably more than 60 percent get between seven and eight hours.But perhaps eight percent are quite happy with 5 hours or lees,and four percent or so find that they want ten hours or more.If you feel all right,you’re probably getting enough sleep.The important thing is not to worry how much other people get—their needs may be different.Exercise doesn’t seem to need to increase the sleep time—office workers,for example,sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work.
Children sleep more than grown-ups---perhaps 14 to 18 hours soon after birth,going down to grow-up levels by early teenage.Sleep patterns also tend to be different in the elderly,who may sleep less at night than they did when younger,find sleep getting more broken,and often make it a rule to sleep during the daytime.
1.According to the passage,some people are unable to think clearly because .
A. they have hallucinations B. they feel sleepy during the working hours
C. they don’t have enough sleep D. they are certain to be kept from going to bed
2.Which of the following is true?
A. All grown-ups must have at least eight-hour sleep B. Most of grown-ups sleep for seven or eight hours
C. Quite a few people need only 5 hours or less for them sleep D. No grown-ups sleep more than ten hours
3.Whether you have got enough steep is judged by .
A. how may hours you have slept B. How may hours you need to sleep
C. Whether you do exercise and physical work D. Whether you feel fresh and energetic
4.According to the passage a boy of 14 years old sleeps .
A. as long hours as a grown-up B. much longer hours than grown-up
C. for 14 hours each night D. for less than 8 hours per night
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Teens and their teachers know well that early-morning classes can be tiring. Doctors now have a solution: for better teen health, push the sleep button on school start times. Janet Croft, who studies teens and sleep at the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention(CDC)in Atlanta high schools, says, “Most teens are actually brain dead when they go to these early classes. Too many students start their day as walking zombies(僵尸).”
One report stresses the importance of sleep for teens and describes the dangers from not getting enough sleep. Studies in the past have shown over and over that teens lacking sleep face higher risks of being overweight and being frustrated.
Many teens get too little sleep because they attend middle and high schools that start earlier than 8:30 am. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP),those early start times throw off a student’s internal body rhythm, called the circadian clock(生物钟).Too little sleep disturbs that clock and causes problems.
The study conducted by the National Sleep Foundation found that nearly 6 in every 10 middle school students and 9 in 10 high school students are sleeping too little. Yet many parents aren’t aware of this. In the same study,7 of every 10 parents said they believed their kids did sleep enough. That study shows too many parents are unaware of the science on teen-sleep needs, says Owens.
Kyla Wahlstrom, a former teacher, who has spent a lot of time with teens lacking sleep, says: “An incredible number of students are either sleeping at their desks or sitting there like a lump, not asking questions or raising their hands.”
Getting enough sleep can help a teen on the inside, too. Several studies have shown that children and teenagers who don’t sleep enough are more likely to become obese, or extremely overweight. Teens lacking sleep also are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression and mood disorders. It’s time to recognize how important sleep is, particularly to teenagers.
1.What does the author want to stress by mentioning “walking zombies” in Paragraph 2?
A.The students’ brain health is worrying.
B.The students are fond of computer games.
C.The students are so used to staying up very late.
D.The students are in a bad state of learning in early classes.
2.According to AAP in Paragraph 4, early school schedules affect teens by
A.increasing their course load
B.affecting their circadian clock
C.affecting their performance at school
D.disturbing their relationships with classmates
3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.The number of teens lacking sleep is growing fast.
B.Physical and mental health are equally important to teens.
C.It is really necessary to adjust school start times in the morning.
D.Teachers should take measures to raise students’ interest in learning.
4.What’s the main idea of the text?
A.Parents are unaware of their kids’ sleep condition.
B.Being overweight is very common among American teens.
C.Early school start times can turn teens into the walking dead.
D.Researchers have found out how sleep is related to teens’ study.
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
However exciting space travel sounds, astronauts must still suffer with bad food. Now, food in space has to be dehydrated ( 使 脱 水 ) or pre-cooked and stored. This means astronauts aren’t really eating fresh food.
New technology may change this. Scientific American reports that a specially-designed oven will be sent into space this autumn with NASA’s NG-12 cargo (货物) mission (太空飞行任务).
Far from the common vacuum-packed (真空包装的) meals, astronauts may get to enjoy freshly baked cookies before the end of 2019.
Why aren’t they baking cookies in space already? For one thing, there’s the risk of a fire. Engineers also have to overcome the challenge of microgravity ( 微 重 力 ), which prevents heat from circling inside ovens the same way it does on Earth.
Astronauts will still have to wait a while before they can have their cookies, though. After baking, the results will be sent back to Earth for safety testing. If successful, this will be the first oven to bake food in space.
“I believe ... that will be game-changing for both science and astronauts,” food technology researcher Maeena Naman Shafiee told Scientific American.
One of the main driving forces behind this project has been NASA’s 2018 research into the effects of “confinement (封闭) and isolation (隔离)”. Unlike on the International Space Station (ISS), astronauts traveling out of Earth’s orbit (轨道) may not be able to speak to their loved ones on future missions, which could lead to negative feelings.
It’s hoped that the chance to bake and sense familiar smells can bring joy to crews (宇航人员).
“Is the ISS going to smell like fresh-baked cookies? We don’t know,” said NanoRacks’ communications manager Abby Dickes. “But that’s a feeling we all know and love ... that will make someone feel at home.”
Baking cookies in space would mark an important step, offering a small comfort in the difficult and unfamiliar environment of space travel. Astronauts have already grown plants aboard the ISS.
With commercial ( 商 业 的 ) space travel now being planned, who knows what other developments may surprise us in the future?
1.What can the new technology help astronauts to do in space?
A.Enjoy fresh cookies.
B.Store more food.
C.Quickly prepare food.
D.Cook many different kinds of home-made meals.
2.Why is it difficult to bake cookies in space?
A.It’s difficult and costly to send food into space.
B.Microgravity stops food from staying in one place.
C.Baking cookies in space would pollute the spaceships.
D.It is hard to heat food properly because of microgravity.
3.What was the main purpose of the cookie project?
A.To improve astronauts’ health.
B.To make improvements in space travel.
C.To encourage more people to travel to space.
D.To make space travel more comfortable for astronauts.
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Where Do Mosquitoes(蚊子)Go in Winter?
Why do mosquitoes ,everywhere in warmer months,disappear completely in winter?1.Mosquitoes are cold-blooded insects, meaning that they don’t like the cold and prefer temperatures that are 80 degrees .Fahrenheit or more. When the temperature drops, they actually lose their ability to fly and become motionless.
2.They would never be able to fly far enough. The actual answer to the question is different for male and female mosquitoes. Male mosquitoes? They die. But that’s not just because of the cold. Male mosquitoes have far shorter lifespans(寿命) than females, and they die in autumn.
Female mosquitoes, though, can live through the winter. They hibernate (冬眠). In autumn, the females will go into hollow logs or cracks in the ground and enter this still state.3.They put off their development, typically for months.
When it warms up again, the females will come out from hibernation. At this point, they’re getting ready to lay their eggs and they need as much blood as possible to help the eggs develop. The females must find a blood meal to provide the protein(蛋白质) needed by their eggs to develop, just in the time, when humans are outdoors in short sleeves enjoying the warming weather.4.
It actually doesn’t have to be what we humans would consider “cold” to put a mosquito in danger. While these pests live actively when it’s around 80 degrees F, most species can start heading into hibernation when it drops to around 50.5.This is when female mosquitoes start looking for a place for sleep.
A.The obvious answer is that it’s cold.
B.Now it’s time for male mosquitoes to wake up.
C.It’s only the female mosquitoes that are biting you.
D.Unlike birds,mosquitoes don’t fly south for the winter.
E.Anything below 50 degrees is already too cold for most mosquitoes.
F.They carry on with life only when there is enough water for their needs.
G.They can hibernate for up to six months in freezing or waterless conditions.
高一英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape: eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.
Proper nutrition is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel”. Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein (蛋白质) , like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, don't overeat. It is not helpful to be overweight.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality. Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each night. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.
Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span (寿命).Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on are good examples. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.
If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.
1.According to the passage,_________.
A.if we were healthy, we could spend our days in doing things with less sleep
B.one can eat a lot to stay in good shape
C.one needn't take any exercise if he is healthy
D.we should always keep fit
2.Eating more and sleeping less________.
A.can keep healthy B.is no good for you
C.gets you more energy D.will keep your personality
3.The writer explains ________in this passage.
A.how to eat B.the importance of doing exercise
C.how to keep healthy D.what to eat
4.The title of the article should be___________ .
A.Eating and Exercising B.How Vitamins Work in Man's Body
C.Staying Healthy D.Sleeping Well
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
How to Pass an Important Test
Whether it’s a first grade science test or college entrance exam, all tests have one thing in common: you have to pass.1.Stuck in a situation where you don’t know how to? This article can help.
Tips
★1. Once you get the study guide, make plans right away to study as soon as possible. No excuses! Killing time with friends isn’t worth it，since you can always hang out with them any other day.
★2. Get plenty of rest.2.If you walk into the classroom sleepily, you’ll most likely not finish the test because of how tired you are.
★3. Eat a good meal for breakfast.3.A few healthy good breakfast suggestions are oatmeal (燕麦片) , whole grain and high fiber food, grapefruit with fresh fruit salad.
★4. Bring all necessary materials.4.Bring pencils, pens, pencil sharpeners. snacks (if allowed) ，erasers, calculator (if allowed) and anything else you’ll need for the test.
★5.5.Showing up late cuts back the time you’ll have to take the test if it’s already testing hours. You’ll probably miss any important information needed in completing the test. In some tests，late comers are not allowed to take thetest，and get a instead of a satisfactory score.
A.The exam tests vocabulary, reading and math skills.
B.That one piece of cheese probably won’t last until test time.
C.Don’t forget to set your alarm clock and show up on test day on time.
D.Studies show that if you get enough sleep, your brain will be much more efficient.
E.Showing up without something as simple as a pencil can make a big effect on your test.
F.Failing the test won’t help you in the long run, so it’s important to know how to prepare to pass that big test.
G.This test is a challenging one and every year many students are unable to qualify it just because of lack of guidance.
高一英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Memories of people who have done us wrong return repeatedly to us from time to time. Sometimes we remain angry with a person even though we have forgotten why we are angry in the first place. Learning to forgive is important. Here is why.
As humans, it is one of our weaknesses to lose our minds at times and give in to our anger. However, making that anger stay and feeding it with hate will make it a bad thing to others and to yourself. You have to manage your anger and know how to overcome it. If someone has done wrong to you, forgiving is the first step to get rid of your anger.
You may have once done wrong to others too. Now think if you are worth forgiving. You may find that you are actually a good person. So if someone else does wrong to you, focus on the good times you had together and the good things that he or she has done for you. Is the offence enough to erase the good things he or she has done in the past? When your nerves calm down, think back. There must have been something good there to stop you from hating the person.
If things do not work out and you stay angry with the person or the person refuse to apologize, you still have to make an effort to forgive. Why? That is because an angry person is not a pleasant person to be with. One day you will find yourself talking about the offence over and over to people who do not know the person you are talking about. Anger consumes a person and eventually takes over. It makes you look at things in a bad way and no one can stand being with someone like that.
Lastly, make sure that you have forgiven every offence before going to sleep at night. If someone has hurt you, tell them how you feel. And the most important thing you have to say is “You have hurt me, but I choose to forgive you.” This will give you an inner peace and make your life positive in every way.
1.What is the weakness of humans mentioned in paragraph 2?
A.Letting anger take control of us. B.Never trying to forgive others.
C.Doing wrong to people around us. D.Hurting ourselves and those we love.
2.By saying we may have once done wrong to others too, the author wants to _______________.
A.show we are no better than others B.encourage us to be kind to others
C.show it’s normal to hurt each other D.encourage us to find the good things in others
3.What does the underlined word “erase” mean in paragraph 3?
A.Strengthen B.Enrich C.Remove D.Improve
4.According to the author, how can we benefit from forgiving others?
A.We’ll know better about others. B.We’ll become a talkative person.
C.We’ll be forgiven by those hurt by us. D.We’ll avoid becoming a negative person.
5.The passage mainly talks about_______________.
A.why we should forgive B.how we can forgive
C.why we should forget D.how we can control anger
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
It is generally believed that humans can’t live without sleep. As any person suffering from lack of sleep knows, dark circles under the eyes usually stand out after a bad night’s sleep.
But why do people get these dark eye bags? The answer is both genetic (that is, relating to your DNA) and environmental (a result of your everyday living, such as rubbing your eyes or getting too little sleep), said Dr. Carol Clinton, a skin-care researcher in Dublin, Ohio.
But “the biggest reason is genes,” Clinton told Live Science. Eye bags are generally more noticeable in people who, because of genes, have thin or pale skin. When people are tired or very nervous, blood circulation in the eye area becomes slow, allowing blood to pool there, Clinton said. Capillaries（毛细血管）stand out, leading to dark eye circles, she said.
Besides, eye bags result from eyes’ fat moving forward. An age-connected increase in fat beneath the eyeballs leads to eye bags. “Anyway, when your eyes’ fat is moving forward, you may think about having an operation in that area,” Clinton said, “A person can get 9 hours of sleep a night, but still have eye bags because of a genetic development.”
In other cases, environmental problems cause eye bags. For example, allergies（过敏）—especially seasonal allergies—can cause capillaries to stand out. Getting too much sun can also damage and thin the skin, making dark circles under the eyes easy to see. Besides, eating salty foods can cause the body to hold more water, which makes eye bags worse, according to the Mayo Clinic.
1.In Clinton’s opinion, what is the main cause of the formation of dark eye bags?
A. Genes. B. Habits.
C. Age. D. The environment.
2.What can remove your eye bags according to the text?
A. Getting much sun.
B. Drinking plenty of water.
C. Having an operation on the fat in the eye area.
D. Slowing your blood circulation in the eye area.
3.What can we learn from the text?
A. It’s possible to change genes.
B. Rubbing your eyes might cause dark eye bags.
C. People with thick skin don’t get dark eye bags.
D. You can’t get dark eye bags if you get enough sleep.
4.What’s the best title for the text?
A. What Can You Do to Protect Your Eyes?
B. The Importance of Sleep to People’s Health
C. Several Measures to Remove Your Eye Bags
D. Why Do People Get “Bags” Under Their Eyes?
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析