Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful, it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine is stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levels of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity (神经活动), which causes coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
1.According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.
A. cannot be as effective as codeine
B. can be harmful to people’s health
C. cannot be separated from chocolate
D. can be a more effective cure for coughs
2.We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _______.
A. were patients with bad coughs
B. were divided into three groups
C. received standard treatments
D. suffered little side effects
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Codeine: A New Medicine
B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case
D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful, it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine is stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levels of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity (神经活动), which causes coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
1.According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.
A. cannot be as effective as codeine
B. can be harmful to people’s health
C. cannot be separated from chocolate
D. can be a more effective cure for coughs
2.We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _______.
A. were patients with bad coughs
B. were divided into three groups
C. received standard treatments
D. suffered little side effects
3.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Codeine: A New Medicine
B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case
D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Most people today think of chocolate as something sweet to eat or drink and can be easily found in stores around the world. It might surprise you that chocolate was once highly treasured.
The wealthy people of Spain first enjoyed a sweetened chocolate drink. Later, the popularity of the drink spread throughout Europe. Chocolate remained a drink that only wealthy people could afford to drink until the eighteenth century. During the period known as the Industrial Revolution, new technologies helped make chocolate less costly to produce.
Farmers grow cacao trees in many countries in Africa, Central and South America, but these trees are difficult to grow. They require an exact amount of water, warmth, soil and protection. After about five years, cacao trees start producing large fruits called pods, which grow near the trunk of the tree. The seeds inside these pods are harvested to make chocolate. Growing cacao is very hard work for farmers. Today, chocolate industry officials, activists, and scientists are working with farmers. They are trying to make sure that cacao can be grown in a way that is easy for the farmers and safe for the environment.
The market value of the yearly cacao crop around the world is more than five billion dollars. Chocolate is especially popular in Europe and the United States. Each year, Americans eat an average of more than 5 kilograms of chocolate per person. Specialty shops that sell costly chocolate are also very popular. Many offer chocolate lovers the chance to taste chocolate grown in different areas of the world.
1.We can learn from the passage that chocolate was .
A.served with a drink in old times
B.popular with people around the world
C.a drink enjoyed by the rich in old times
D.bought easily in stores in old times
2.What made it possible to produce chocolate inexpensively?
A.A warm climate. B.Official aid.
C.New technologies. D.Scientific protection.
3.What should ideal cacao farming be like?
A.Simple and time-saving.
B.Safe and labour-saving
C.Easy and labour-saving
D.Easy and environment-friendly.
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Scientists are trying to help people find various cacaos.
B.The chocolate industry is developing rapidly only in European countries.
C.People in America love to produce dear chocolate.
D.Chocolate making is probably a big international business.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
We all need to eat. So, meals could be a chance to stop what we’re doing and spend time with the people in our lives. A recent study from a team of South Korea suggests that eating together has many good effects on children and teenagers while frequently eating alone may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices. People who eat alone more than twice a week have a greater risk of developing high blood pressure.
There are benefits of family dinners on children and teenagers.
In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the world’s countries. Among its findings is the fact that students who share a main meal with their families are less likely to hate school. Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to take drugs (毒品).
In the report, titled “The Importance of Family Dinners (VIII),’’ researchers say that teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what’s going on in their lives.
Another study from the University of Montreal finds that children who eat with their families experience long-term physical and mental health benefits. These children are physically in better shape and drink fewer sugary soft drinks. These children also seem to have better social skills and are less violent.
One of the researchers, Pagani, involved in this study is a professor at the university. She says that mealtimes with parents possibly provide young children with firsthand social events, which helps them have better communication skills.
1.Why is eating meals alone frequently bad for people’s health?
A. Because people will get a chance to make friends.
B. Because people will have a risk of heart attack.
C. Because people will show no interest in food.
D. Because people will develop poor eating habits.
2.What’s the topic of the passage?
A. Ways to eat together more.
B. Benefits of eating together.
C. Chances to spend time with people.
D. Risks of developing high blood pressure.
3.What’s the advantage of family dinners for children?
A. They could enjoy sweet, and hard drinks.
B. They perform better in social activities.
C. They feel their parents know more about their studies.
D. They experience long-term physical and mental illness.
4.What’s Pagani’s attitude to eating family meals together?
A. Supportive. B. Uninterested. C. Worried. D. Doubtful.
高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
The commercial city, Loulan, used to be a stopping point on the silk road between the West and the East, ______ by sandstorms from AD200 to AD 400.
A. which is believed to be covered over
B. as is believed to have been covered over
C. it is believed to be covered over
D. which is believed to have been covered over
高一英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析
His actions could lead to him ______ his job.
A. lose B. losing C. to lose D. being lost
高一英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析
Scientists have discovered a special biological behavior in dolphins(海豚) that could lead to a treatment for late-onset diabetes(晚发的糖尿病) in humans. Studies on dolphins found that healthy dolphins switch into a diabetic-like state overnight when they are not feeding, but return to normal when they eat the following morning.
The extraordinary finding has led scientists to suggest that dolphins have “genetic switch” that allows them to imitate diabetes while they are not feeding for a night, without suffering any ill effect.
If researchers can identify a similar genetic pathway in human, they may be able to develop drugs to effectively switch off diabetes. Some 2.2 million people in Britain have type 2 (or late-onset) diabetes, a figure that is expected to reach 4 million by 2025 as a consequence of rising levels of obesity(肥胖).
The tissues of people with type 2 diabetes have become resistant to insulin(胰岛素)so they lose the ability to control sugar levels in their blood. The condition can damage the heart, eyes, kidneys(肾脏) and nerves and contribute to 5% of all deaths, according to the World Healthy Organisation.
Dolphins appear to imitate diabetes to keep high levels of blood sugar when food is rare. Like humans, dolphins need some sugar in their blood for their brains to function normally. Venn-Watson’s team analysed 1,000 blood samples(样本) from 52 dolphins while they didn’t eat anything overnight and fed in the morning. At night time, the dolphins’ metabolism(新陈代谢)changed greatly and showed similar characteristics to that seen in people with type 2 diabetes.
“It is our hope that this discovery can lead to new ways to prevent, treat and maybe even cure diabetes in humans,” said Stephanie Venn-Watson, director of clinical research at the National Marine Foundation in San Diego.
1.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Humans get some idea of treating diabetes from dolphins.
B. Dolphins can switch into a diabetic-like state overnight.
C. Humans can suffer the same disease as dolphins.
D. Dolphins should be fed regularly to avoid diabetes.
2.The key to applying the finding to curing human diabetes lies in ____________.
A. producing insulin in a larger amount
B. developing drugs from healthy dolphins
C. identifying a similar genetic pathway in human
D. analysing more blood samples from hungry dolphins
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Scientists have found a similar genetic switch in humans.
B. More British people will suffer type 2 diabetes due to obesity.
C. 2.2 million people with type 2 diabetes die in Britain every year.
D. Dolphins imitate diabetes to avoid a high blood sugar level.
4.What will happen to dolphins if not fed for a night according to Venn-Watson?
A. Their metabolism breaks down.
B. They become resistant to insulin.
C. Their heart and kidneys are damaged.
D. They keep high levels of blood sugar.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
I am Ali. I have always believed in myself. My parents taught me to be41 and that I could be the best at anything. I42 challenging my neighbourhood boys to see who could jump the highest and run the fastest. Of course I knew when I made the challenge, I would win. I never even 43 losing.
I started my boxing44 when I was 12. In high school I boasted (自夸) that one day I was45 to be the champion of the world. As part of my training, I would run down the street. I would rush in and out of shops to 46 them I was training for the Olympics and I was going to 47 a gold medal. I never thought of failing but only glory(光荣) I was going to 48 when I won. When I said I was going to be the "Greatest of All Time", I 49 myself. And I still do.
But I didn't know that my will would be50 when I retired. In 1996, I was asked to51 the cauldron(圣火) at the summer Olympic Games in Atlanta.
When the 52 came for me to set fire to the cauldron, I realized I had the eyes of the world on me. Then I heard an extremely loud53 . I was reminded of my 1960 Olympic54 in Rome, when I won the gold medal. I remembered those 36 years between Rome and Atlanta and55 that I had come full circle. Nothing in life has defeated me. I am still "The Greatest."
1. A. brave B. confident C. honest D. polite
2.A. excuse B. avoid C. remember D. suggest
3.A. gave up B. went on C. heard of D. thought of
4.A. breaking B. matching C. training D. watching
5.A. willing B. sure C. hopeful D. active
6. A. tell B. ask C. wish D. take
7.A. win B. lose C. find D. buy
8. A. need B. get C. decide D. make
9.A. believed in B. cared about C. turned to D. went through
10.A. forced B. increased C. damaged D. tested
11.A. protect B. carry C. light D. touch
12.A. challenge B. chance C. choice D. moment
13.A. cheer B. laugh C. noise D. shout
14. A. history B. experience C. devotion D. stage
15.A. expected B. supposed C. proved D. realized
高一英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
We do jobs_____they need to be done and that could be early in the morning or late at night.
A.that B.which C.when D.how
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
My name is Peter, and I use a wheelchair to get around. This year I ____ to be in the School Walkathon.
At the Walkathon last year, I helped hand out drinks to the walkers. The teachers and parents said they couldn’t have ____ without me.
“Are you going to give out drinks ____ this year?” my friend Michael asked.
“I ____ so,” I said. “But I ____ wish I could do laps (跑道的圈) with you.”
Michael told Mrs Hunt that I wanted to ____ the Walkathon. Mrs Hunt looked at me. “It’s not a good course for a wheelchair,” she said. “The hilly part would be too ____.”
“But I could push Peter over the hard bits,” said Michael.
“I’ll ____ it,” said Mrs Hunt.
That afternoon, Mrs Hunt called a class meeting. Michale told everyone about his ____.
“We could all take turns. That way no one would get too ____,” said Olivia. Then everyone said they would take a turn.
When the Walkathon began, I turned my wheels round and round as ____ as I could. When we came to the hilly bit, Michael ____ to push me up it. Olivia was waiting halfway up. “My ____ now,” she said. With all the help my ____ were giving me, I ____ the first lap and did a second lap — and another. I was tired in the ____.
“It’s time to announce the winner of the mystery prize. It goes to ... Peter!” Mrs Hunt said.
I looked at all the things I had ____, and felt extremely ____. But then I remembered that the whole ____ had helped me.
“I want everyone to ____ the prize,” I said. “Let’s keep all the things in our classroom. Then we can all have some fun!”
And that’s what we did.
1.A. need B. agree C. want D. offer
2.A. remembered B. waited C. helped D. managed
3.A. soon B. again C. once D. first
4.A. suppose B. hope C. do D. say
5.A. never B. really C. partly D. still
6.A. lead B. organize C. give up D. join in
7.A. difficult B. serious C. important D. different
8.A. take control of B. have pity on C. think about D. look after
9.A. fear B. idea C. success D. story
10.A. sad B. dirty C. slow D. tired
11.A. fast B. long C. far D. often
12.A. forgot B. avoided C. started D. hated
13.A. break B. decision C. turn D. plan
14.A. teachers B. friends C. parents D. neighbors
15.A. finished B. caught C. prevented D. wasted
16.A. day B. way C. past D. end
17.A. owned B. expected C. won D. discovered
18.A. nervous B. happy C. bored D. young
19.A. class B. family C. school D. world
20.A. share B. receive C. value D. show
高一英语完形填空困难题查看答案及解析
The nose is used in many popular expressions. Some people are able to lead other people by the nose. For example, if a wife leads her husband by the nose, she makes him do whatever she wants him to do. Some people are said to be hard-nosed. They will not change their opinions or positions on anything.
It is always helpful when people keep their nose out of other people’s business. They do not interfere (干涉). The opposite of this is someone who noses around all the time. Such people are interested in other people’s private matters. They’re considered nosy. Someone who keeps his nose to the grindstone (磨石) works very hard. This can help a worker keep his nose clean or stay out of trouble.
One unusual expression is that is no skin off my nose. This means that a situation doesn’t affect or concern me. We also say that sometimes a person cuts off his nose to spite his face. That is, he makes a situation bad for himself by doing something foolish because he is angry.
More problems can develop if a person looks down his nose at someone or something. The person acts as if something is unimportant or worthless. This person might also turn up his nose at something that he considers not good enough. This person thinks he is better than everyone else. He has his nose in the air.
In school, some students thumb their nose at their teacher. They refuse to obey orders or do any work. Maybe the students do not know the correct answers. My mother always told me when I was a student, “If you study hard, the answers should be right under your nose or easily seen.”
1.If we say a wife leads her husband by the nose, we probably mean she _____.
A. loves her husband very much
B. controls her husband’s actions
C. gets on well with her husband
D. does whatever her husband wants her to do
2.Which of the following expressions could be used to tell someone to stay away from your private affairs?
A. Don’t keep your nose to the grindstone.
B. Keep your nose out of my business.
C. Please keep your nose clean.
D. You are really hard-nosed.
3.We can use the expression “has his/her nose in the air” to describe someone _____.
A. who is too proud of himself/herself
B. who is very angry about something
C. who often makes a situation bad
D. who doesn’t care about anything
4.If a student thumbs his/her nose at his/her teacher, the teacher would most probably feel _____.
A. happy B. excited C. angry D. relaxed
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析