Compared to other causes of natural disasters, volcanoes offer clues only when they are about to erupt. Now, however, developments in monitoring systems have allowed scientists to develop sensors to detect and forecast eruptions more accurately.
University of Cambridge volcanologist Marie Edmonds says that scientists are now able to use very accurate sensors to monitor the gases volcanoes give out, which can give clues on the location of the magma. The sensors help with prediction because different gases are released at different stages of an eruption. When magma rises, pressure is released along with gases. Carbon dioxide is released early on and then, as the magma goes higher, Sulphur dioxide is released. The ratio of the two gases is used to detect the location of magma relative to the surface, telling researchers the coming of the eruption.
Edmonds is connected to an international group known as the Deep Carbon Observatory that has worked to put new gas sensors on fifteen of the most active and dangerous volcanoes to improve the forecasting of various types of eruptions. The gas sensors continually measure water vapor, sulphur dioxide, and carbon dioxide. They are placed inside large boxes with surface antennae and buried underground. Advances in electronics have increased their accuracy and lowered their cost, allowing more of them to be used worldwide.
Putting these sensors atop active volcanoes is dangerous. Scientists wear reflective suits that protect against heat, plus gas masks for protection from dangerous gases. They sometimes hike long distances in remote areas to reach a site. However, according to Edmonds, the work they do to save people’s lives makes a dangerous job worth it. She enjoys doing something that helps people.
Edmonds’ team has also attached sensors to a certain plane to measure gases released from a Papua New Guinea volcano for a short time, a technique developed to gather “snapshots” of the activity. These snapshots help researchers to better understand activities that lead to eruptions.
1.How do sensors detect and predict volcanic eruptions?
A.By sending warnings to researchers. B.By testing different gases released.
C.By measuring the heat underground. D.By studying the surrounding gases.
2.What do we know about the gas sensors?
A.They should be attached to the magma. B.They are available around the world.
C.They become more accurate and expensive. D.They can check various types of eruptions.
3.Why is it risky to place sensors atop active volcanoes?
A.Active volcanoes may erupt at any time. B.It’s hard to find the top of volcanoes.
C.Scientists are short of enough suits and masks. D.There is heat and dangerous gases
4.What can the snapshots do?
A.Predict volcanic eruptions earlier. B.Attract people’s attention to volcanoes.
C.Collect more information for researchers D.Avoid the danger of the researchers’ work.
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题
Compared to other causes of natural disasters, volcanoes offer clues only when they are about to erupt. Now, however, developments in monitoring systems have allowed scientists to develop sensors to detect and forecast eruptions more accurately.
University of Cambridge volcanologist Marie Edmonds says that scientists are now able to use very accurate sensors to monitor the gases volcanoes give out, which can give clues on the location of the magma. The sensors help with prediction because different gases are released at different stages of an eruption. When magma rises, pressure is released along with gases. Carbon dioxide is released early on and then, as the magma goes higher, Sulphur dioxide is released. The ratio of the two gases is used to detect the location of magma relative to the surface, telling researchers the coming of the eruption.
Edmonds is connected to an international group known as the Deep Carbon Observatory that has worked to put new gas sensors on fifteen of the most active and dangerous volcanoes to improve the forecasting of various types of eruptions. The gas sensors continually measure water vapor, sulphur dioxide, and carbon dioxide. They are placed inside large boxes with surface antennae and buried underground. Advances in electronics have increased their accuracy and lowered their cost, allowing more of them to be used worldwide.
Putting these sensors atop active volcanoes is dangerous. Scientists wear reflective suits that protect against heat, plus gas masks for protection from dangerous gases. They sometimes hike long distances in remote areas to reach a site. However, according to Edmonds, the work they do to save people’s lives makes a dangerous job worth it. She enjoys doing something that helps people.
Edmonds’ team has also attached sensors to a certain plane to measure gases released from a Papua New Guinea volcano for a short time, a technique developed to gather “snapshots” of the activity. These snapshots help researchers to better understand activities that lead to eruptions.
1.How do sensors detect and predict volcanic eruptions?
A.By sending warnings to researchers. B.By testing different gases released.
C.By measuring the heat underground. D.By studying the surrounding gases.
2.What do we know about the gas sensors?
A.They should be attached to the magma. B.They are available around the world.
C.They become more accurate and expensive. D.They can check various types of eruptions.
3.Why is it risky to place sensors atop active volcanoes?
A.Active volcanoes may erupt at any time. B.It’s hard to find the top of volcanoes.
C.Scientists are short of enough suits and masks. D.There is heat and dangerous gases
4.What can the snapshots do?
A.Predict volcanic eruptions earlier. B.Attract people’s attention to volcanoes.
C.Collect more information for researchers D.Avoid the danger of the researchers’ work.
高一英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
War or natural disasters often destroy or cause major damage to sanitary systems. The destruction of waste treatment systems can increase the risk of disease and even death among survivors.
Some people dig holes in the ground that serve as individual toilets. However, micro-organisms from human wastes can reach water supplies and cause cholera or other diseases.
A United Nations team is now developing a toilet for disaster areas. The experimental project is called eSOS—for the Emergency Sanitation Operation System. The system is lightweight and operates on sunlight power.
Scientists are working on the toilet at the UN’s Institute for Water Education in the Netherlands. Damir Brdjanovic is heading the project. He says his team hopes to bring disaster assistance into the 21st century.
The eSOS system has several ‘smart’ features, such as a self-contained energy supply unit. Another is a global positioning system sensor, very much like the GPS equipment in some vehicles. There is also equipment that measures waste buildup. All of the information from the toilet system can be shared with an emergency organization center. Officials at the center can then identify the needs of an affected disaster area. The eSOS system can also recycle liquid wastes into water that can be used for farming. This involves treating the urine(尿液)with the help of a membrane bioreactor system(膜生物反应器系统).
The smart toilet is being tested. Damir Brdjanovic and his team plan to test the toilet at a refugee camp in the Philippines later this year. The developers hope this disaster relief will save the lives of many refugees.
1.What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Toilet for Our Future Life
B. Machine to Recycle Human Wastese
C. New Technology to Reduce the Risk of Disease
D. SOS—the Emergency Sanitation Operation System
2.Which of the following is NOT true about eSOS?
A. It weighs light.
B. It serves as individual toilet for disaster survivors.
C. It doesn’t need any power.
D. It is equipped with a global positioning system sensor.
3.What can we infer from this passage?
A. eSOS can prevent any risk of disease.
B. eSOS will be put into use in the near future.
C. Damir Brdjanovic holds a negative attitude to eSOS.
D. The eSOS system can recycle liquid wastes into drinkable water.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits(短路)and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath(在…下方) an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers _____.
A. the damage caused by earthquakes B. the rescue work after earthquakes
C. what to do about earthquakes D. how to prevent earthquakes
2.The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.
A. easily broken B. easily found C. expensive D. heavy
3.During the earthquake, people are advised to _____.
A. go out the building at once B. turn off power and gas immediately
C. take shelter under a tree D. drive to a safe place
4.What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris?
A. Cover their mouth with a handkerchief. B. Tap on a pipe or wall for help.
C. Use a whistle for help. D. Light a fire for help.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers _____.
A. the damage caused by earthquakes
B. the rescue work after earthquakes
C. what to do about earthquakes
D. how to prevent earthquakes
2.The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.
A. easily broken B. easily found
C. expensive D. heavy
3.To reduce the injury from the earthquake, items made of glass should be put _____.
A. on cupboards
B. in the bedroom
C. on a lower surface
D. where children can’t reach them
4.During the earthquake, people are advised to _____.
A. go out the building at once
B. turn off power and gas immediately
C. take shelter under a tree
D. drive to a safe place
5.What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris?
A. Cover their mouth with a handkerchief.
B. Tap on a pipe or wall for help.
C. Use a whistle for help.
D. Light a fire for help.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them in the cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers (营救人员) can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers .
A.what to do in earthquakes
B.how to prevent earthquakes
C.the damage caused by earthquakes
D.the rescue work after earthquakes
2.The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ _”.
A.Easily found B.Expensive C.Easily broken D.Heavy
3.During the earthquake, people are advised to .
A.take shelter under a tree
B.drive to a safe place quickly
C.go out of the building at once
D.turn off electricity and gas immediately
高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement,these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers .
A.the damage caused by earthquakes
B.the rescue work after earthquakes
C.what to do about earthquakes
D.how to prevent earthquakes
2.The underlined word "Fragile" in Paragraph 2 probably means .
A.easily broken
B.easily found
C.expensive
D.heavy
3.During the earthquake, people are advised to .
A.go out the building at once
B.turn off power and gas immediately
C.take shelter under a tree
D.drive to a safe place
4.What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris?
A.Cover their mouth with a handkerchief.
B.Tap on a pipe or wall for help.
C.Use a whistle for help.
D.Light a fire for help.
5.If you are driving, what should you do in the earthquake?
A.take shelter under a tree
B.stop your car and stay in a safe place
C.park your car under a tree
D.park your car under a tall object
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them in the cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is able to get. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match(火柴) because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers__________.
A.the damage caused by earthquakes B.the rescue work after earthquakes
C.how to prevent earthquakes D.what to do about earthquakes
2.The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means “__________”.
A.Easily found B.Easily broken
C.Expensive D.Heavy
3.During the earthquake, people are advised to __________.
A.go out of the building at once B.drive to a safe place quickly
C.take shelter under a tree D.turn off electricity and gas immediately
4.When trapped in debris, you’d better not ___________.
A.shout for help aloud.
B.cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.
C.tap on a pipe or the wall hard so that rescuers can find you.
D.use a whistle if possible.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers _____.
A.the damage caused by earthquakes |
B.the rescue work after earthquakes |
C.what to do about earthquakes |
D.how to prevent earthquakes |
2. The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.
A.easily broken | B.easily found | C.expensive | D.heavy |
3.To reduce the injury from the earthquake, items made of glass should be put _____.
A.on cupboards |
B.in the bedroom |
C.on a lower surface |
D.where children can’t reach them |
4.During the earthquake, people are advised to _____.
A.go out the building at once |
B.turn off electricity and gas immediately |
C.take shelter under a tree |
D.drive to a safe place quickly |
5.What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris?
A.Cover their mouth with a handkerchief. |
B.Tap on a pipe or wall for help. |
C.Use a whistle for help. |
D.Light a match for help. |
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers _____.
A. the damage caused by earthquakes
B. the rescue work after earthquakes
C. what to do about earthquakes
D. how to prevent earthquakes
2. The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.
A. easily broken B. easily found
C. expensive D. heavy
3. To reduce the injury from the earthquake, items made of glass should be put _____.
A. on cupboards
B. in the bedroom
C. on a lower surface
D. where children can’t reach them
4. During the earthquake, people are advised to _____.
A. go out the building at once
B. turn off power and gas immediately
C. take shelter under a tree
D. drive to a safe place
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1. The purpose of the passage is to tell readers ____.
A. the damage caused by earthquakes
B. the rescue work after earthquakes
C. how to prevent earthquakes
D. what to do about earthquakes
2.The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably mean ____.
A. expensive B. easily found
C. easily broken D. heavy
3.To reduce the injury from the earthquake, items made of glass should be put ____.
A. on cupboards
B. in the bedroom
C. where children can’t reach them
D. on a lower surface
4.What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris?
A. Cover their mouth with a handkerchief
B. Tap on a pipe or wall for help.
C. Light a fire for help.
D. Use a whistle for help.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析