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Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are
increasingly threatened(威胁) by noise pollution caused by
human beings. The noise that influences sea animals comes
from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by
industrial underwater explosions(爆炸) , ocean drilling, and
ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds.
These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater
earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety five would have the same effect（效果）.
Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit （限度）of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales（鲸鱼）.
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed.
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. It’s time for them to take action to help ocean animals.
1.Which of the following is not caused by human beings?
A. The noise of industrial underwater explosions.
B. The noise of ocean drilling.
C. The sound of underwater earthquakes
D. The noise of ship engines.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?
A. The same noise measures differently on land and in the ocean.
B. Different places may have different types of noises.
C. The noises can cause humans to lose hearing.
D. There are different kinds of natural sounds in the ocean.
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Powerful underwater explosions aren’t harmful to whales’ ears.
B. Many researchers are against the noise limit of 120 decibels.
C. Noises cannot cause whales’ death.
D. The noise limit of 120 decibels would hardly influence the industrial research.
4.According to the passage, we can infer that scientists will probably .
A. work hard to cut down natural sounds.
B. stop industrial and scientific research in oceans.
C. try their best to make no noise.
D. protect ocean animals from harmful noises.
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We have found plastic in the ocean and in animals. But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop（粪便）,USA Today reported.
The findings came from a study by scientists from Environment Agency Austria. The researchers followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world. The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week and then provided a stool sample（大便样本）for testing.
Scientists found nine different types of plastic particles（ 颗粒）in the samples. “The smallest plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream, the lymphatic system （淋巴系统）,and may even reach the liver（肝脏）”said Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research.
However, the scientists aren't sure if this plastic is harmful to humans. They're not sure how the plastic got into the volunteers' bodies, either. But most of the volunteers said they drank from plastic bottles and also ate seafood that could include plastic from ocean pollution.
In fact, plastic is everywhere around us. Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic waste goes into the oceans. There, sunlight and waves break the plastic down to small particles. Most of the particles stay in the ocean. Others can spread into the soil and air. Could plastic in the air fall onto food and get into the human body?
According to USA Today, 90 percent of sea salt sold in the world includes plastic. And even some top water has been found to have plastic particles in it.
1.According to USA Today, what have scientists found for the first time?
A.Plastic in the ocean. B.Plastic in animals.
C.Plastic in human poop. D.Plastic in the soil.
2.The researchers________according to the second paragraph.
A.followed eight healthy volunteers. B.are from Environment Agency Australia
C.wrote down what they ate for a week D.provided a stool sample for testing
3.Paragraph 3 is written to tell us that________
A.plastic particles can be a few different sizes B.plastic particles can reach many parts of our bodies
C.plastic can harm the lymphatic system D.plastic particles are inside all of us
4.What can we infer （推断） from the study?
A.Plastic does no harm to our bodies.
B.The best way to deal with plastic waste is to burn it.
C.People should stop drinking tap（水龙头）water.
D.It can be hard to avoid plastic in food and drinks.
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阅读表达（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
What’s going to happen in the future? Here are some things that scientists say is most likely to happen 10 to 30 years from now.
1. Digital money
We used to pay with cash（现金）for everything we bought. In fact, we are already using one type of digital money, when we swipe（刷）our bus pass or use a credit card（信用卡）to shop online.
You have to admit that using a card is much easier than searching your pocket for change. It is also _________ than _________a lot of cash with you. You needn’t worry about your cash being stolen. People in Sweden completely stopped using cash last year and the US might be next.
2. Bionic（仿生的）eye
（1）People who are blind may have a chance to get their sight back---by wearing bionic eyes. A blind eye can no longer sense light, but a bionic eye can use a camera to “see” the environment and send data into the brain.
Although the bionic eye that’s out now only allow patients to see lights and unclear shapes, a high resolution（高清的）version could be just a few years away.
3. Self-driving car
Unlike a human driver, a self-driving car won’t be distracted （分神）by a phone call, the radio or something outside the window. Sensors（探测器）and cameras on the car would allow it to keep strictly to the rules of the road and keep a safe distance from other cars. This would greatly reduce the number of road accidents. Many vehicle companies are now planning self-driving cars. By 2040, driverless vehicles will be the main vehicles on the road.
1.在文中空白处填上适当的单词______________ ________________
2.将（1）翻译成汉语____________________________________
3.回答问题What would allow a car to keep strictly to the rules of the road? ___________________________________________________________________________
4.在文中找出的同义句In the past, we spent with cash on the things we bought. ___________________________________________________________________________
5.找出本文的主题句___________________________________________
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Once there were some scientists in a forest. They were trying to _______ the rarest animal in the world. No one had seen it, so everyone was _______ and wanted to be the first one to photograph and study it.
The animals only came out at night, _______ the scientists did some other studies in the day._______ them, there was a famous scientist named Walter. Every day, he would spend an hour sitting at the desk and putting all his equipment (设备) in the _______ place. He did this carefully. But other scientists laughed at him because they thought Walter was just wasting _______.
One night, the animal appeared _______.The scientists heard its call. But the call didn't last long. The animal was frightened by the _______ made by the scientists while they were scrabbling (忙乱地找) for their cameras and notebooks.
On the next morning, the scientists _______ their findings. Some had tried to record its call, others had noted down how it moved, and the luckiest one had even photographed parts of its tail and legs. They all congratulated each other on what they had found. However, when they saw what Walter had, they were very surprised.________ had taken several complete (完整的) photos, the record of the animal's cry and notes about the animal.
They ran to congratulated(祝贺) Walter. They now understood the importance of keeping things in order. Because of that, Walter could find everything quickly in the dark.
1.A. feed B. study C. catch D. kill
2.A. relaxed B. tired C. excited D. surprised
3.A. but B. or C. and D. so
4.A. Among B. Beside C. Against D. Except
5.A. clean B. right C. safe D. public
6.A. space B. money C. food D. time
7.A. angrily B. immediately C. suddenly D. quickly
8.A. plans B. noises C. records D. mistakes
9.A. compared B. counted C. sorted D. kept
10.A. They B. It C. He D. You
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One way that scientists (科学家) learn about man is by studying animals．In this lab, the scientists are studying the relationship between diet and health．
They are studying the relationship between the amount (数量) of food the mice eat and their health．The mice are in three groups．All three groups are receiving the same healthy food．The first group is eating one cup of food each day, the second group is eating two cups, and the third group is eating three cups．
After three years, the healthiest group is the one that is only eating one cup of food each day．The mice in this group are a little thinner. But they are more active．Most of the day, they are running, playing with one another．Also, they are living longer．Mice usually live for two years．Most of the mice in this group are still alive after three years．
The second group of mice is healthy, too．They are active, but not as active as the thinner mice．They are only living about two years．
The last group of mice is receiving more food than the other two groups．Most of the day, these mice are eating or sleeping．They are not very active．These mice are living longer than the scientists thought－about a year and a half．But they are not healthy．They are sick more often than the other two groups．
1.People give each group of the mice _______ amount of food every year.
A. a different B. the same C. a small D. a large
2.The experiment (实验) lasted for at least _______ years．
A. one and a half B. two C. two and a half D. three
3.The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to _______.
A. the scientists B. the mice in the first group
C. all the mice D. the mice in the last group
4.The best title for the passage is ________．
A. Man and health B. Diet and animals
C. Diet and health D. Animals and human beings
5.The result of the experiment mainly shows that ________．
A. eating less may bring longer life
B. the mice eat more than the scientists thought
C. the mice live longer than the scientists thought
D. the more exercise you take, the healthier you will be
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People drink alcohol(酒) in many parts of the world. Some medical scientists say light drinking may even be good for your health, especially for the heart. But they say such health benefits(好处) should be compared to the many health risks connected with alcohol use.
Some research suggests that having one to two drinks of alcohol a day may be good for your health. Several large studies have shown that this type of drinking may lower the risk of heart disease and other diseases.
A study last year suggested that drinking a little red wine may help lower the risk of breast cancer(乳腺癌) in women. Researchers at Medical Center in California studied 36 women. Each woman drank a glass of red or white wine every day for almost a month. Researchers collected blood samples(样本) from the women two times a month to test their hormone(激素) levels. The next month these women were told to exchange their wine. The researchers found that the women who drank red wine had lower levels of the female hormone than the white wine drinkers. They said red grapes have chemicals that may help to lower the risk of breast cancer.
However, recent studies suggested that even a little alcohol may generally increase the risk of breast cancer in women. They found that women who drink four small glasses of wine a week increase their risk of breast cancer by 15 percent.
Many studies have examined the harmful effects of alcohol use on the body. Alicia Ann Kowalchuk serves as medical director, saying “Healthy use for adults --- that's men under age 65 --- is no more than 4 drinks in a day and no more than 14 drinks in a week. And for women of all ages, it's no more than 7 drinks in a week and no more than 2 drinks in a day.” She says too much alcohol use has something to do with liver (肝脏) diseases, and many other cancers.
1.How did the researchers carry out their study?
A. By following an example. B. By listing facts.
C. By collecting information worldwide. D. By comparing tested objects.
2.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
A. B. C. D.
3.What is the best title of this passage?
A. Alcohol drinking may do harm to your health
B. Alcohol drinking can be both good and bad for you
C. Drinking alcohol is popular in many parts of the world
D. Drinking alcohol a day may give your health some benefits.
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Most scientists say animals never feel happy or sad. In fact, they say animals probably don't feel love, anger, hate or other emotions, either.
Scientist Joseph LeDoux studied mice to find out whether animals have emotions. He found that mice feel at least one emotion—fear. He also found the part of the brain that seems to control fear in mice. In humans, that part of the brain controls fear and some other emotions.
A number of scientists say animals have emotions. Some scientists who have studied such animals as dogs, cats, elephants and lions say those animals feel emotions.
Scientist Joyce Poole studies elephants. She has written that pachyderms often show sadness when a relative dies. She says elephants have "deep emotions".
Jane Goodall studies chimpanzees(黑猩猩). She says she has seen them playing and running after one another for fun. Goodall also says they feel sad sometimes. For example, an old chimpanzee died, and one of her sons, Flint, refused to eat food. Flint's brothers and sisters tried to get him to eat, but they failed. Three weeks later, Flint died. Goodall says Flint "died of sadness".
More recently, scientist Marc Bekoff watched an elk(糜鹿)run back and forth through the snow. Bekoff said it was feeling the "joy of life". He said he couldn't prove that animals have feelings, because animals can't talk. But he said animals can communicate feelings in other ways. "I can't prove that an animal is feeling happy or sad, but I can guess how he or she is feeling through body language and facial expressions, "he said.
1.The underlined word "pachyderms" may refer to
A.elephants B.lions C.chimpanzees D.cats
2.Marc Bekoff believes animals have feelings because ________.
A.he saw a mouse full of fear B.he saw an elk run
C.he saw a chimpanzee die of sadness D.he saw an elephant feel sad for a dead relative
3.What's this passage mainly about?
A.Joyce Poole's studies of how elephants feel.
B.Scientists who are arguing over some animals.
C.Jane Goodall's work with chimpanzees,
D.Scientists' ideas about whether or not animals have feelings.
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---We can see some wild animals in the forest, right? (2016●南通市)
---It's hard to say. There be only a few left.
A. may B. most C. need D. should
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—We can see some wild animals in the forest，right?
—It's hard to say．There be only a few left．
A. may B. most C. need D. should
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Scientists say that banana trees may disappear(消失) from the world banana cancer.
A. because of B. instead of C. as for D. together with