The Nature of Stress
We are often faced with stressors that are outside of our control, from rare natural disasters to everyday traffic jams. There is a good deal of evidence that uncontrollable events are particularly stressful. This has been shown in studies of “executive rats,” in which two rats receive exactly the same electric shock, but one is given a lever(杠杆)that could be used to turn the shock off after it occurs. Over a long series of such trials, the partner rat, helpless to do anything about its pain, is more likely to develop ulcers (溃疡) than is the “executive”.
Stress is mostly caused by uncertain events. Uncertainty about an event makes it more disturbing. One study found that subjects who were told that they had a 5 percent chance of receiving an electric shock were actually more uneasy than those who were told that they had a 50 percent chance.
People make various attempts to deal with their stress---removing the cause of the stress, seeking the support of friends or reinterpreting the situation to make it seem less unpleasant. Richard Lazarus and his colleagues have made a useful distinction between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Problem-focused strategies are those aimed at doing something to change the problem causing the stress. Emotion-focused strategies tend to regulate our distressing emotional responses.
Psychologists Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus examined undergraduate students’ coping strategies at three time periods---two days before a midterm examination, a week later two days before the grades were announced, and five days after the grades were posted. Before the exam, students tended to use such problem-focused strategies as studying---a guaranteed way to reduce the potential problems. After the exam, when their fates were sealed, if they sought out others, it was usually for emotional support.
Like other animals, humans have always been safer in groups. Besides physical protection, people provide emotional support that can reduce the psychological and physiological symptoms of stress. A lack of support can increase our susceptibility(敏感性) to illness. For instance, short-term loneliness is associated with a decrease in immune response(免疫应答). In contrast, people who have strong social ties are usually more resistant to disease. For instance, after being diagnosed as having a life threatening disease, married people are likely to survive longer than unmarried people.
People may provide appraisal support, helping us to evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. If a professor tells you that he had also failed his first college algebra exam, the consequences of your failure will seem less devastating. Others can also provide informational support, giving advice about how to deal with the problem. Finally, friends and relatives may give us instrumental support, providing material goods or services to overcome the stress. If your father lends you some money when your car breaks down, you can stop tearing your hair out and just fix it.
Title:The Nature of Stress
1._________ makes people more stressed | Events that can’t be 2.__________ are more stressful. Events that are3.________will make animals or people more stressed. |
How to 4. _____stress | ● Remove the cause of the stress. ●5.________to friends for help. ● Reinterpret the situation. |
Do something to change the problem that 6._______ the stress. | |
Regulate our distressing emotional responses. | |
Effects of social support | Support and protection from society make people feel less7.____. |
Strong social ties make people both physically and 8.___________ healthy. | |
Types of social support | Appraisal support 9.____________ evaluate and clarify a problem. |
Informational support gives advice on how to solve a problem. | |
Instrumental support provides material goods or services to get10._______ the stress. |
高一英语其他题中等难度题
The Nature of Stress
We are often faced with stressors that are outside of our control, from rare natural disasters to everyday traffic jams. There is a good deal of evidence that uncontrollable events are particularly stressful. This has been shown in studies of “executive rats,” in which two rats receive exactly the same electric shock, but one is given a lever(杠杆)that could be used to turn the shock off after it occurs. Over a long series of such trials, the partner rat, helpless to do anything about its pain, is more likely to develop ulcers (溃疡) than is the “executive”.
Stress is mostly caused by uncertain events. Uncertainty about an event makes it more disturbing. One study found that subjects who were told that they had a 5 percent chance of receiving an electric shock were actually more uneasy than those who were told that they had a 50 percent chance.
People make various attempts to deal with their stress---removing the cause of the stress, seeking the support of friends or reinterpreting the situation to make it seem less unpleasant. Richard Lazarus and his colleagues have made a useful distinction between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Problem-focused strategies are those aimed at doing something to change the problem causing the stress. Emotion-focused strategies tend to regulate our distressing emotional responses.
Psychologists Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus examined undergraduate students’ coping strategies at three time periods---two days before a midterm examination, a week later two days before the grades were announced, and five days after the grades were posted. Before the exam, students tended to use such problem-focused strategies as studying---a guaranteed way to reduce the potential problems. After the exam, when their fates were sealed, if they sought out others, it was usually for emotional support.
Like other animals, humans have always been safer in groups. Besides physical protection, people provide emotional support that can reduce the psychological and physiological symptoms of stress. A lack of support can increase our susceptibility(敏感性) to illness. For instance, short-term loneliness is associated with a decrease in immune response(免疫应答). In contrast, people who have strong social ties are usually more resistant to disease. For instance, after being diagnosed as having a life threatening disease, married people are likely to survive longer than unmarried people.
People may provide appraisal support, helping us to evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. If a professor tells you that he had also failed his first college algebra exam, the consequences of your failure will seem less devastating. Others can also provide informational support, giving advice about how to deal with the problem. Finally, friends and relatives may give us instrumental support, providing material goods or services to overcome the stress. If your father lends you some money when your car breaks down, you can stop tearing your hair out and just fix it.
Title:The Nature of Stress
1._________ makes people more stressed | Events that can’t be 2.__________ are more stressful. Events that are3.________will make animals or people more stressed. |
How to 4. _____stress | ● Remove the cause of the stress. ●5.________to friends for help. ● Reinterpret the situation. |
Do something to change the problem that 6._______ the stress. | |
Regulate our distressing emotional responses. | |
Effects of social support | Support and protection from society make people feel less7.____. |
Strong social ties make people both physically and 8.___________ healthy. | |
Types of social support | Appraisal support 9.____________ evaluate and clarify a problem. |
Informational support gives advice on how to solve a problem. | |
Instrumental support provides material goods or services to get10._______ the stress. |
高一英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
There are two faces of nature. One is good while the ________1.________is bad. It all depends on ________2.you look at it. I believe that nature is man’s friend and we should treat it with a great deal of respect.________3.________trip to the mountains on the weekend will give a glimpse________4.________how beautiful nature is and can be.
Unfortunately, due to our busy lives, many of us take this beauty for granted. We keep spoiling our environment instead of protecting________5.. Because of the harm________6.________was caused by humans, nature has turned on (attacked suddenly) us.________7.________a result, storms and landslides are taking place more than ever before. If we don’t take the time to protect our environment, nature will no longer be our friend, ________8.________our biggest enemy.
高一英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
After several failures, the US leaders are_____ being brought face-to-face with the fact that China today is undefeatable.
A.luckily B.firmly C.gradually D.appropriately
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scheduling Time with Yourself
Many of us are so busy with work, school and home life that often there is no time left over to do something that you enjoy. What follows are some ways to carve out that essential time you need to slow down, enjoy life and relax yourself.
1. . Try to save certain weeknights just for you. If others ask you to do things those nights, just tell them you have plans. Use the time for gardening, reading, exercise, thinking or the ultimate luxury of doing nothing!
Monthly Treat. 2. . It could be on your lunch break, a weekend or it could be leaving work early. Maybe you get a spa treatment, go to see a movie, a haircut, play golf or whatever treat you’re always thinking about but rarely get to. Schedule it in and it will happen!
Buy Tickets in Advance. Sports, theater, concerts or any other event you would enjoy. Schedule the plans with a friend later. 3..
4.. Huh? Yes, many of us stay at work late on a regular basis. If this is you, make it a point to leave work exactly on time at least once a week, if not more. And then enjoy that time! Leave work at work.
Join a Group. Here are some ideas of groups that can allow you some time away from work and home: singing group, gardening group, astronomy society, book club, biking clubs, ski club, etc. What are you interested in? Strike while the iron is hot.5.. If you can’t find a club, consider starting one yourself!
A.Schedule a treat for yourself once a month.
B.listen to your favorite music!
C.Look up a club in your area today and join!
D.Having the tickets already in hand will force you to make it happen!
E.Evenings with Yourself.
F.Take an Adult Education Class.
G.Leave Work on Time.
高一英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
If farming goes ________ nature, all kinds of disasters are the results.
A.against | B.for | C.with | D.to |
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Among the crises that face humans ________ the lack of natural resources.
A.is B.are C.is there D.are there
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
_____more and more forests destroyed, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
A. With B. By C. As D. For
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
26. ______more and more forests destroyed, some animals are facing the danger of dying out.
A.With | B.By | C.As | D.For |
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
In China, smokers have to face the reality that ______ people are dying of lung cancer.
A. a great number of B. a great deal of C. a good many of D. the number of
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Palaces are often built with the intent to show off the wealth and splendour of royalties.The first palace on the list was so spectacular that it inspired some other royalties to build theirs in response, meanwhile, the last on the list inspired Disney’s Cinderella castle.
Palace of Versailles, France
The Palace of Versailles was the principal royal residence of France from 1682 until the start of the French Revolution in 1789. It is located in the region of Île-de-France, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of the centre of Paris.
The palace is now a historical monument and UNESCO World Heritage site. It received millions of visitors every year, making it one of the most visited monuments in France.
The Forbidden City, China
The Forbidden City served as the home of Chinese emperors and was the ceremonial and political centre of the Chinese government for almost 500 years. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987. Since 2012, it has seen an average of 14 million visitors annually and received more than 19 million visitors in 2019.
Schönbrunn Palace, Austria
A summer retreat for the Hapsburg rulers of Austria, the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna was built by Emperor Leopold I between 1696 and 1712.
UNESCO catalogued Schönbrunn Palace on the World Heritage List in 1996, together with its gardens, as a remarkable Baroque ensemble and example of the synthesis of the arts. Schönbrunn is Vienna’s most popular tourist destination.
Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany
Neuschwanstein Castle is a 19th-century Romanesque Revival palace on a rugged hill near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany. The palace was built by Ludwig II of Bavaria as a retreat and in honour of the opera composer Richard Wagner.
The castle was intended as a home for the king, until he died in 1886. It was open to the public shortly after his death. More than 1.3 million people visit annually, with as many as 6,000 per day in the summer.
1.What do we know about the Palace of Versailles?
A.It is located in the center of Paris.
B.It is an inspiration for some castles in other countries.
C.It is one of the least popular tourist attractions in France.
D.It is the original model for Disney’s Cinderella castle.
2.How many castles mentioned in the text have been catalogued as World Heritage sites?
A.One B.Two
C.Three D.Four
3.Which castle was built to remember a musician?
A.Palace of Versailles, France B.The Forbidden City, China
C.Schönbrunn Palace, Austria D.Neuschwanstein Castle, Germany
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析