Can people change their skin colour without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin colour.
The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
Scientists have changed the colour of a dark-striped zebrafish to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment(色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish skin colour is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanosomes(黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanosomes per pigment cell determines skin colour.
It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation(变异) in the gene for melanosome production. This results in less pigmented skin.
However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is dif ferent in human and zebrafish genes.
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun(太阳光紫外线), which can cause skin cancer.
But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vit amin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they pr obably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin colour, said Cheng.
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
1.. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. people can not change their skin colour without any pain
B. the new discovery could lead to search into ways to change skin colour safely
C. pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin colour as he liked
D. scientists have found out that people’s skin colour is determined by the gene
2.. Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebra fish in order to ________.
A. find the different genes of humans’
B. prove the humans’ skin colour is determined by the pigment gene
C. find out the reason why the Africans’ skin colour is dark
D. find out the ways of changing peopl’s skin colour
3.. The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably that ________.
A. they are born light-skinned people
B. light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanosome production
C. they have fewer activities outside
D. they pay much attention to protecting their skin
高一英语阅读理解简单题
Can people change their skin colour without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin colour.
The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 per cent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 per cent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.
Scientists have changed the colour of a dark-striped zebrafish to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment(色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebrafish skin colour is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanosomes(黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanosomes per pigment cell determines skin colour.
It appears that, like the golden zebrafish, light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation(变异) in the gene for melanosome production. This results in less pigmented skin.
However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is dif ferent in human and zebrafish genes.
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun(太阳光紫外线), which can cause skin cancer.
But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vit amin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they pr obably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin colour, said Cheng.
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.
1.. The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A. people can not change their skin colour without any pain
B. the new discovery could lead to search into ways to change skin colour safely
C. pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin colour as he liked
D. scientists have found out that people’s skin colour is determined by the gene
2.. Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebra fish in order to ________.
A. find the different genes of humans’
B. prove the humans’ skin colour is determined by the pigment gene
C. find out the reason why the Africans’ skin colour is dark
D. find out the ways of changing peopl’s skin colour
3.. The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably that ________.
A. they are born light-skinned people
B. light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanosome production
C. they have fewer activities outside
D. they pay much attention to protecting their skin
高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
People who like their traveling have their reasons. They believe that traveling can help them expand their field of view, especially in the geographical and historical sense. They also think that touring will give them more chances to enjoy different kinds of food and experience new things that would never be brought by other activities. But those who dislike traveling also have some reasons.
Traveling, in my opinion, dose more good than harm. Most importantly, it broadened our mind. We can get in touch with other civilization(文明), culture, customs and ideas.
Through history, most people traveled because of necessity —not for pleasure. People traveled just in order to remain alive. They searched for food to eat or places to live in. They sometimes ran away from enemies. This is not to say that no one ever traveled just for the fun of it. In ancient times, for example, rich Romans traveled all the way to Greece to take part in the Olympic Games, and festivals. Of course, some people decided to travel just out of curiosity. They wanted to find out what it looked like beyond the horizon(地平线). Also business travel has been going on for centuries. Traders could not only make money but also learn to speak several languages and be introduced to different cultures.
So, traveling does enrich our mind and draw new ideas to us. There is no doubt that we can get much from it.
1.How many reasons for traveling are mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A.Three | B.Four | C.Five | D.Six |
2.In the writer’s opinion, traveling can be _______.
A.expensive | B.funny | C.helpful | D.tiring |
3.What’s the main idea of this passage?
A.Different kinds of traveling. |
B.Traveling enriches our mind. |
C.Ways to enjoy yourself while traveling. |
D.The advantages and disadvantages of traveling. |
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
People who like travelling have their reasons. They believe that travelling can help them expand their field of view, especially in the geographical and historical sense. They also think that touring will give them more chances to enjoy different kinds of food and experience new things that would never be brought by other activities. But those who dislike travelling also have some reasons.
Travelling, in my opinion, does more good than harm. Most importantly, it broadens our mind. We can get in touch with other civilizations, cultures, customs and ideas.
Through history, most people travelled because of necessity (必要性)---not for pleasure. People travelled just in order to remain alive. They searched for food to eat or places to live in. They sometimes ran away from enemies. This is not to say that no one ever travelled just for the fun of it. In ancient times, for example, rich Romans travelled all the way to Greece to take part in the Olympic Games, and festivals. Of course, some people decided to travel just out of curiosity (好奇心). They wanted to find out what it looked like beyond the horizon (地平线). Also business travel has been going on for centuries. Traders could not only make money but also learn to speak several languages and be introduced to different cultures.
So, travelling does enrich our mind and draw new ideas to us. There is no doubt that we can get much from it.
1.According to the passage, in the past most people travelled________.
A.for fun B.for knowledge
C.to get experiences D.to make a living
2.How many reasons for travelling are mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A.Three. B.Four.
C.Five. D.Six.
3.In the writer's opinion, travelling can be________.
A.expensive B.funny
C.helpful D.tiring
高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
People who like travelling have their reasons. They believe that travelling can help them expand their field of view, especially in the geographical and historical sense. They also think that touring will give them more chances to enjoy different kinds of food and experience new things that would never be brought by other activities. But those who dislike travelling also have some reasons.
Travelling, in my opinion, does more good than harm. Most importantly, it broadens(扩大) our mind. We can get in touch with other civilizations(文明), culture, customs and ideas.
Through history, most people travelled because of necessity(必要性)—not for pleasure. People travelled just in order to remain alive. They searched for food to eat or places to live in. They sometimes ran away from enemies. This is not to say that no one ever travelled just for the fun of it. In ancient times, for example, rich Romans travelled all the way to Greece to take part in the Olympic Games, and festivals. Of course, some people decided to travel just out of curiosity(好奇心). They wanted to find out what it looked like beyond the horizon(地平线). Also, business travel has been going on for centuries.Traders could not only make money but also learn to speak several languages and be introduced to different cultures.
So travelling does enrich our mind and draw new ideas to us. There is no doubt that we can get much from it.
1.The underlined word“expand”in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “ __________”.
A.decide B.protect C.widen D.lose
2.According to the passage, in the past most people travelled _____________.
A.for knowledge B.to make a living C.to get experiences D.for fun
3.In the writer’s opinion, travelling can be ______________.
A.tiring B.funny C.expensive D.helpful
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It is generally believed that humans can’t live without sleep. As any person suffering from lack of sleep knows, dark circles under the eyes usually stand out after a bad night’s sleep.
But why do people get these dark eye bags? The answer is both genetic (that is, relating to your DNA) and environmental (a result of your everyday living, such as rubbing your eyes or getting too little sleep), said Dr. Carol Clinton, a skin-care researcher in Dublin, Ohio.
But “the biggest reason is genes,” Clinton told Live Science. Eye bags are generally more noticeable in people who, because of genes, have thin or pale skin. When people are tired or very nervous, blood circulation in the eye area becomes slow, allowing blood to pool there, Clinton said. Capillaries(毛细血管)stand out, leading to dark eye circles, she said.
Besides, eye bags result from eyes’ fat moving forward. An age-connected increase in fat beneath the eyeballs leads to eye bags. “Anyway, when your eyes’ fat is moving forward, you may think about having an operation in that area,” Clinton said, “A person can get 9 hours of sleep a night, but still have eye bags because of a genetic development.”
In other cases, environmental problems cause eye bags. For example, allergies(过敏)—especially seasonal allergies—can cause capillaries to stand out. Getting too much sun can also damage and thin the skin, making dark circles under the eyes easy to see. Besides, eating salty foods can cause the body to hold more water, which makes eye bags worse, according to the Mayo Clinic.
1.In Clinton’s opinion, what is the main cause of the formation of dark eye bags?
A. Genes. B. Habits.
C. Age. D. The environment.
2.What can remove your eye bags according to the text?
A. Getting much sun.
B. Drinking plenty of water.
C. Having an operation on the fat in the eye area.
D. Slowing your blood circulation in the eye area.
3.What can we learn from the text?
A. It’s possible to change genes.
B. Rubbing your eyes might cause dark eye bags.
C. People with thick skin don’t get dark eye bags.
D. You can’t get dark eye bags if you get enough sleep.
4.What’s the best title for the text?
A. What Can You Do to Protect Your Eyes?
B. The Importance of Sleep to People’s Health
C. Several Measures to Remove Your Eye Bags
D. Why Do People Get “Bags” Under Their Eyes?
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Animals suffered at the hands of Man ______ their homes were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural need to provide food for more people.
A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that
高一英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析
The way 1 people spend their holidays has changed a lot. 2 seems that people are changing their 3 (mind) and they want to explore the outside world. The seaside still has 4 different attractions for people. But it will be possible to decrease(下降) because 5 the pollution. Now people 6 (persuade) to travel abroad which can widen their knowledge about the world. Another track is that camping is 7 (rise). People insist 8 getting close to nature. Anyway, people should refer to journals, guide books and even ask advice 9 the experienced 10 they begin their travel.
高一英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
People born in winter are more likely to suffer mental health disorders, according to a recent study carried out by researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee.
Researchers raised baby mice from birth to weaning in either “summer” light cycles of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark or “winter” cycles of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of dark. A third group experienced 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark a day.
Then half the winter mice stayed in a winter cycle, while half switched to a summer schedule. The summer mice were similarly split. The mice raised in equal periods of light and dark were split into three groups, one of which stayed on the 12hour schedule, one of which joined the winter group, and one of which joined the summer group.
After 28 days, it turns out the summerborn mice behaved the same whether they stayed on the summer cycle or switched to winter. But among the winterborn mice, those that stayed in winter kept their previous schedule, while those that switched to summer stayed active for an extra hour and a half, which indicates that mice born and weaned in a winter light cycle showed dramatic disruptions in their biological clocks.
The finding is the first of its kind in mammals, and it could explain why people born in winter are at higher risk for mental health disorders.
“We know that the biological clock regulates mood in humans,” said study researcher McMahon. “If the mechanism similar to the one that we found in mice operates in humans, then it could not only have an effect on a number of behavioral disorders, but also have a more general effect on personality.”
1.What’s the main idea of the text?
A.The biological clock regulates mood in humans.
B.Being born in winter has a negative effect on people’s mental health.
C.People born in winter are at higher risk for physical health disorders.
D.The length of light will influence the behavior of the mice.
2.The underlined word “split”(Paragraph 3) can be replaced by ________.
A.divided B.torn
C.hit D.ended
3.Who is probably the reader of the passage?
A.A jobhunter. B.A student in the university.
C.A newlymarried couple. D.An experienced dentist.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Short people, studies have shown , are more likely to have a stroke , suffer from high blood pressures and heart disease and be bullied in school .
Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.
Their study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology (流行病学) and Community Health , found that short bones have something to do with short life for more than 1,000 years. The conclusion was based on 490 sets of adult skeletal(骨架) remains from an archaeological(考古学的) site in northeastern England , YC dating from the 9th century to about 1850 .
About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.
“This study provides evidence from an archaeological sample that long bone length is connected with age at death—those with smaller bones tend to die younger,” according to Dr. D.J. Gunnell of the university of Bristol in the UK and colleagues .
While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health .
“Mechanism (身体结构) for height-mortality(死亡) associations in the past may differ from those today , for example , short stature may have increased the risk of death in childbirth and this may explain the higher risk of premature(未成熟的) mortality in women,” Gunnell and colleagues write .
“However, short bones, it would appear, have always been a marker of a short life,” the authors conclude.
1.The title of the passage should be________.
A.Short people and their taller peers
B.Men and women
C.Short stature and short life
D.Long life and short life
2.“An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means________.
A.a study B.a marker C.a risk D.an age
3.Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?
A.People with smaller bones were more likely to die younger.
B.Women were more likely to die at a young age.
C.Short-stature women bear higher risk of death in giving birth to babies.
D.Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past.
4.Short stature may be caused by________.
A.less childhood nutrition B.heart disease
C.some illnesses D.high blood pressure
5.The topic in this passage is probably connected with
A.space medicine B.sports medicine
C.social medicine D.industrial medicine
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
People who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds.It's possible that being full of vim and vigor helps the body fight illnesses,say the researchers from Carnegie Mellon University(CMC)in Pittsburgh.
"We need to take more seriously the possibility that a positive emotional style is a major player in disease risk,"says psychologist Sheldon Cohen,the study's lead researcher.
In a previous study,Cohen and his colleagues found that people who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop sniffles,coughs and other cold symptoms.People who showed positive feelings were also less likely to mention symptoms to their doctors,even when medical tests detected those symptoms.
Those findings were interesting,but they didn't prove that a person's attitude affects whether he or she gets sick.Instead,it was still possible that a person's underlying personality is what matters.
Evidence suggests,for instance,that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic,with high self-esteem and a sense of control over life.This would mean that who we are,not how we feel,ultimately decides our chances of catching colds.
To figure out which mattered more,personality or emotions,the researchers interviewed 193 healthy adults.The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks. They told the researchers about the positive and negative feelings they had experienced that day.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get infected.Their symptoms,however,differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous fortnight.
Among those who reported good moods and had been infected with the flu virus,for example, 28 percent developed coughs and stuffy noses.On the other hand,those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had been less positive.Scientists argue about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger effect on how healthy we are.For now,it can't hurt to look on the bright side more often than not!
1.What is the text mainly about?
A.How to get rid of colds.
B.Attitude determines life.
C.Smiles turn away colds.
D.Different opinions about colds.
2.The phrase"full of vim and vigor"underlined in Paragraph 1 probably means"
A.ignorant B.well-informed
C.energetic D.passive
3.According to the finding,a leading factor of catching colds should be one's.
A.health B.personality
C.quality D.mood
4.By saying the last paragraph,the writer intends to suggest
A.the saying-every coin has two sides
B.positive emotions are as good as negative emotions
C.it is not necessarily good for you if you always look at problems positively
D.it will be good for your health to always keep up an optimistic state of mind
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析