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A tsunami(海啸) is a series of(一系列) huge waves that can cause great destruction(毁灭) when they hit a beach. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes, but not all underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis. About 90 percent of all tsunamis take place in the Pacific Ocean, most of them are in Japan. A strong earthquake in the ocean near Japan caused a deadly tsunami on March 11,2011. As of April 25, the number of death had been raised to 14,133, and more than 13,346 people were listed as missing. The word “tsunami” comes from the Japanese word.
Many tsunamis could be found before they hit land with the use of modern technology. If you see the water drawback (后退) quickly and unexpectedly from a beach, run toward higher ground or inland -- there may be a tsunami coming. Also, if you are on the beach and there is an earthquake, it may have caused a tsunami, so run toward higher ground or inland. The first wave in a tsunami is often not the largest; if you experience one unusually-huge wave, go inland quickly -- even bigger waves could be coming soon.
Do you know the story of the "angel(天使) of the beach"? Tilly, A 10-year-old English schoolgirl who saved the lives of hundreds of people in Phuket,Thailand in the Asian Tsunami of 2004 , by warning them a wall of water was about to strike(袭击), after learning about tsunamis in geography class. “Last term geography teacher Andrew Kearney taught us about earthquakes and how they can cause tsunamis,” Tilly said to the reporter.“I was on the beach and the water started to go funny. There were bubbles and the water went out all of a sudden. I recognised what was happening and had a feeling there was going to be a tsunami. I told mummy.”
1.An earthquake may cause a tsunami.
A. in the city B. in the country C. under the water
2.When the tsunami is coming, we should .
A. run towards the higher place or inland
B. run to the playground
C.run into a house
3.Tilly saved hundreds of people’s life in .
A. Japan B. Tailand C. the United Kingdom
4.Tilly recognised there would be a tsunami because .
A. her geography teacher told her.
B. she found the water drawback unusually quickly
C. she had a feeling about the earthquake
5.Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The word “tsunami” is from Japanese because most recorded tsunamis in the world took place in Japan
B. Tsunami can only be found by modern technology before it hit the land.
C. Tsunami only happens in the Pacific Ocean
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Tsunami(海啸)is a natural disaster，which is a Japanese word that means “sea wave”．A tsunami is a huge sea wave that forms mainly in the Pacific Ocean area. People die and property is destroyed when a tsunami hits land. What causes these dangerous sea waves？Sometimes，tsunamis are caused when earthquakes take place underwater. Then，water begins to move up and down from the top of the ocean right down to the bottom. Waves begin to form，and each wave is called a tsunami.
A tsunami is less than one meter high and can move at a speed of almost 800 kilometers per hour while it is far out in the ocean. But the tsunami rises higher and higher and moves more slowly as it comes closer to land.
The weather bureau(气象局)warns people over the radio and television when a tsunami is heading for land. These warnings have helped save many lives.
1.The Japanese word “tsunami” means ______.
A. earthquake B. sea wave C. ocean water D. tornado
2.According to the passage，a tsunami can be caused by ______.
A. an underwater earthquake
B. heavy rains
C. waves hitting land
D. tornado
3.As the tsunami moves toward land，it______.
A. picks up more speed
B. becomes far less dangerous
C. rises higher and higher
D. rises lower and lower
4.According to this passage，______.
A. a tsunami can’t cause lots of trouble
B. people can save their lives when a tsunami is coming
C. the warning from the weather bureau can help people save their lives
D. no one can escape when a tsunami is coming
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Shanghai is a huge city with a large ________. That causes many ________, like too much traffic and noise.
A. population; questions B. pollution; problems
C. problems; population D. population; problems
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November 5 is World Tsunami(海啸) Awareness Day. Tsunami is a Japanese word for a long, destructive(摧毁性的) ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake. The goal of the anniversary is to learn from disasters(灾害) of the past and to prepare for the future. Two tsunamis in the last 15 years have changed the way people around the world think about these destructive events.
On December26, 2004, a magnitude (震级) 9 earthquake near the coast of Indonesia caused tsunami waves that struck the coasts of four countries. An estimated(估计的) 230,000 people died and costs were in the billions of dollars. Then, on March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake struck northeastern Japan. It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in that country. More than18,000 people died. The tsunami also caused serious damage to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power center on the island of Honshu. Several nuclear reactors(核 反应堆) were severely(严重地) damaged and leaked(泄漏) radiation(辐射).
The two events caused people in the Pacific and Indian Ocean areas to study and improve preparedness for disasters. This led to the SendaiFrameworkfor DisasterRiskReductionin 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The agreement was a UN effort to raise awareness(提高意识) about disaster risks and to urge(催促) countries to assess(评估)how well they were prepared for them.
Willem Rampangilei is head of the Disaster Management Agency in Indonesia. He said Indonesia passed a law on disaster management after the 2004 tsunami. It led in 2008 to the creation of his agency. “Our responsibilities include reduction and preparedness, emergency response, as well as post-disaster recovery and reconstruction(重新建设),” he said. He added that 150 million Indonesians were at risk from earthquakes, 60 million from floods and four million from tsunamis.
Preparedness has spread beyond Asia. There are now early warning systems in place for the Caribbean Sea, the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding(周围的) areas.
1.What does the underlined word mean in the passage?
A.Knowledge. B.Preparation.
C.Day of remembrance. D.Change.
2.What do we learn from the second paragraph?
A.Natural disasters are too powerful for people to survive.
B.Earthquakes and tsunamis often take place on islands.
C.Nuclear reactors can be safe even if damaged in an earthquake.
D.Natural disasters can cause great losses to humans.
3.One of the aims of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction is .
A.to reduce the damage caused by disasters.
B.to make people know more about disaster risks.
C.to help people get away from disasters.
D.to help with the reconstruction after the disaster.
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Everything that humans hear is in the form of waves(波). Just as the eye sees light waves in the form of colors, the ear hears sound waves in the form of noises. The ear and the eye turn these different waves into signals that the brain(大脑) can make sense of.
The ears and brain have an amazing ability to recognize(识别) particular sounds. For example, a mother often can tell when her baby is crying even if there are other crying babies in the same room. This is because the sound of her baby’s cry has special meaning to her and the brain has recorded its importance.
The ability to recognize sounds improves with experiences. As the brain receives information about sounds from day to day, it stores the information in its memory. When the brain hears new sounds, it gives meaning to them based on the information already in the memory. This is why certain words or songs can make a person happy. Often it is not the words or songs themselves that cause this feeling. The sounds are connected to happy memories for that person.
Another hearing process controlled by the brain is to decide where a sound is coming from. One ear is usually closer to the source(来源) of a sound than the other ear is. Sound waves are stronger when they reach the ear that is closer. They also reach the closer ear first. The brain recognizes these differences and uses them to decide the location of the source of the sound.
1.Which of the following shows the normal hearing process of a mother hearing her baby crying?
a. The ears receive the sound waves.
b. The mother recognizes her baby’s cry.
c. The baby’s turn the sound waves into signals.
d. The baby’s cry travels in the form of sound waves.
e. The brain connects the signals to the information in the memory.
A. d-a-c-b-e B. d-a-c-e-b
C. a-d-c-b-e D. a-d-c-e-b
2.Certain words or songs can change a person’s moods mainly because of his _____.
A. lifestyle B. personality
C. experiences D. hobbies
3. Why does a person feel happy when they hear some songs?
A. Because certain words or songs can make a person happy.
B. Because a person has the ability to recognize the sounds
C. Because the certain sounds are connected to happy memories for that person.
D. Because the person feel the song is special
4.According to the last paragraph, it will be the most difficult for a person who has lost the hearing in one ear to tell ______.
A. where the source of a sound is
B. how loud a sound is
C. when a sound starts to appear
D. what makes a sound
5.What is the best title for this passage ?
A. Human Brain’s Amazing Facts
B. Human Hearing Characteristics
C. How To Improve Hearing
D. How Do Humans Hear
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Everything that humans hear is in the form of waves (波).Just as the eye sees light waves in the form of colors, the ear hears sound waves in the form of noises. The ear and the eye turn these different waves into signals that the brain (大脑) can make sense of.
The ears and brain have an amazing ability to recognize（识别）particular sounds. For example, a mother often can tell when her baby is crying even if there are other crying babies in the same room. This is because the sound of her baby’s cry has special meaning to her and the brain has recorded is importance.
The ability to recognize sounds improves with experiences. As the brain receives information about sounds from day to day, it stores the information in its memory. When the brain hears new sounds, it gives meaning to them based on the information already in the memory. This is why certain words or songs can make a person happy. Often it is not the words or songs themselves that cause this feeling. The sounds are connected to happy memories for that person.
Another hearing process controlled by the brain is to decide where a sound is coming from. One ear is usually closer to the source (来源) of a sound than the other ear is. Sound waves are stronger when they reach the ear that is closer. They also reach the closer ear first. The brain recognizes these differences and uses them to decide the location of the source of the sound.
1.Which of the following shows the normal hearing process of a mother hearing her baby crying?
a. The ears receive the sound waves.
b. The mother recognizes her baby’s cry.
c. The ears turn the sound waves into signals.
d. The baby’s cry travels in the form of sound waves
e. The brain connects the signals to the information in the memory.
A. d-a-c-b-e B. d-a-c-e-b
C. a-d-c-b-e D. a-d-c-e-b
2.. Certain words or songs can change a person’s moods mainly because of his .
A. lifestyle B. personality
C. experiences D. hobbies
3. What is the best title for this passage?
A. Human Brain’s Amazing Facts
B. Human Hearing Characteristics
C. How to improve Hearing
D. How Do Humans Hear
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Because of the horrible tsunami(海啸), the Indonesian Government warned all the tourists indoors to keep safe.
A. to stay B. not stay C. staying D. not staying
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A
Light and Reflection
Light is another type of wave that carries energy. A source of light (光源) such as the sun or a light bulb gives off light rays that travel away from the light source in all directions.
A light ray is a narrow beam (光束) of light that travels in a straight line.
Most objects around you do not give off light on their own. They can be seen only if the light from another source bounces off (反弹) them and into your eyes. The process of light hitting an object and bouncing off is called reflection.
Look at the picture. The light is given off by the light bulb. Some of these light rays hit the page and are reflected (反射). The student sees the page when some of the reflected light rays enter the student’s eyes.
When a light ray hits a surface (表面) and is reflected, the reflected ray obeys the law of reflection. The angle of incidence (入射角) is always the same as the angle of reflection. This is the law of reflection. And this is true for any surface, no matter what material it is made of.
1.From the passage we know __________ is a source of light.
A. the eyes B. the moon C. the sun D. the book
2.From the passage we know that because of __________, the student can see the page.
A. the light bulb B. the book C. the light waves D. the reflected rays
3.According the last paragraph, if the angle of incidence is 35°, the angle of reflection should be _____.
A. 15° B. 35° C. 55° D. 70°
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For hundreds of years, Japan has been hit, from time to time, by enormous (巨大的) tsunamis（海啸）. These awful sudden risings of the sea are caused by earthquakes or underwater volcanic actions. The story of the boy Yuuki is the story of such a disaster.
Yuuki lived with his family in a seaside village, below a small mountain. One day, as he played on top of the mountain, Yuuki felt a small earthquake but it was not strong enough to frighten anybody and passed quickly. Soon after, however, Yuuki noticed the sea darken and begin running away from the shore very fast, leaving behind wide stretches of beach that had never been seen before.
With a grasp, Yuuki remembered reading that just before a terrible tsunami, the sea suddenly and quickly rolls backward. He ran to the beach, warning the villagers who had gathered to admire the new beach land.
“Get back!” shouted the boy, “There is a terrible danger!”
But no one listened. They laughed at him and continued playing in the new sand and watched the sea roll backward even more.
Desperate, Yuuki could think of only one thing to do. He lit a tree branch, raced to the rice fields and began burning the harvested rice. Then he called out, “Fire! Fire! Everyone run to the mountain! Now!”
When everyone reached the mountain-top, a villager cried out, “Yuuki is mad! I saw him set the fire.” Yuuki hung his head in shame, but said nothing as the villagers cursed him. Just then, someone shouted, “Look!”
In the distance what seemed to be a huge dark line was speeding towards the shore. As it got nearer the people realized the long thin line of darkness was the returning sea, towering like a mountain.
The villagers watched in terror as the water struck the shore, smashing over their homes then tearing out the land as it receded.
On the mountain everyone stared speechlessly at the destruction below.
“I'm sorry I burned the fields,” said Yuuki, his voice trembling.
“Yuuki,” village-chief answered. “You saved us all.”
The villagers cheered and raised Yuuki into the air. “We were going to
celebrate our rice harvest tonight,” said one, “but now we’ll celebrate that we’re all still alive!”
1.Where was Yuuki when the earthquake struck?
A. On the beach.
B. On the mountain.
C. In the rice fields.
D. At his family home.
2. In what order did the following events take place?
a. Yuuki set fire to the rice fields.
b. The villagers laughed and played on the beach.
c. The land was torn away by the water.
d. Yuuki ran to warn the villagers.
e. The villagers stared at the destruction.
f. The people were cursing Yuuki.
A. d, b, e, a, c, f
B. b, a, d, e, c, f
C. d, b, a, f, c, e
D. a, d, b, e, f, c
3.How did Yuuki save the villagers from the disaster?
A. He told them about the earthquake.
B. He explained why the sea was flowing out.
C. He told the village chief to warn the people.
D. He set fire to the rice field.
4.What were the people planning to do before the tsunami struck their village?
A. Harvest the rice crop.
B. Play on the beach.
C. Climb the mountain.
D. Celebrate the rice harvest.
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The first part of a new science-fiction series （系列剧）was shown on NBC last night. Star Trek is about a spacecraft（宇宙飞船）which travels faster than the speed of light. The show is developed from three ideas about the 22nd century. First, we’ll find other life forms great tools which will make amazing things possible.
Let’s think about these predictions. If we find life forms on other planets, will they be intelligent? I hope so. But we human beings might not be friendly – I don’t think we’ll believe in the idea of peace one hundred years from now. But this is science fiction, so we can be optimistic! And Star Trek’s idea of life in the future is ‘communicators’. And we will be ablt to have conversatins with people who are on because you’ll have an electronic notebook. And if you get ill, the doctor won’t have to examine you – a machine will ‘read’ your body. The strangest manchine includes a ‘teleport’ which will take people to a different placein a second!
The ideas are interesting, and in my opinion there’s only one problem with star trek: the acting. The TV company （公司）will have to get better actors. If they do that, the show might be a success. If the acting doesn’t improve, Star Trek won’t last for more than one series. Of course, my prediction may be wrong. I can’t see into the future!
1. What is Star Trek?
A. A TV play. B. A popular song.
C. A spacecraft. D. An alien.
2.What does the underlined word “optimistic” mean?
A. Lucky and happy.
B. Hopeful and confident.
C. Helpful and creative.
D. Thankful and popular.
3.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Aliens on Other Planets. B. The Idea of Human Life.
C. A Science Fiction. D. A New Series about Future.