The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat – a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了瘾的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.
In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.
For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.
“They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one of Johnson’s colleagues.
Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.
The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good unless they ate more and more.
Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
1. The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.
2. How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?
3.What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题
The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat – a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了瘾的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.
In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.
For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.
“They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one of Johnson’s colleagues.
Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.
The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good unless they ate more and more.
Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
1.The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.
2.How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?
3.What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?
高一英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析
The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat – a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted(上了瘾的) to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson said the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity(肥胖) and drug addiction may be quite similar.
In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal – or person – will want to do the behavior again.
For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake to one group of rats. Food like this is high in calories and fat. Another group of rats got a regular diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.
“They’re taking in twice the amount of calories as the control rats,” says Paul Kenny, one of Johnson’s colleagues.
Kenny and Johnson wanted to know what was going on in the brains of these rats. They first designed a way to deliver a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains. This electrical charge would stimulate the pleasure centers to release pleasure-causing chemicals. The rats could control how much stimulation – and how much pleasure – they received by running on a wheel. The more the rat ran, the more pleasure it received.
The rats that had been eating junk food started running more and more. This behavior suggested that the junk-food-eating rats needed more brain stimulation to feel good compared with rats on a normal diet. In other words, their pleasure centers were becoming less sensitive and the junk food didn’t make them feel good unless they ate more and more.
Experiments like this one could help scientists understand how chemicals in the brain contribute to obesity. With that information, they may be able to help people avoid obesity in the first place.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
1. The scientists suggested it was actually ___________________ that made the rats feel good.
2. How did the scientist know what was happening in the brains of the junk-food-eating rats?
3.What was the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the article?
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
All right! Enough cookies,cola, and chips! It seems that junk food is all that the children want to eat these days.Television controls their tastes.The kids see well-known personalities eating potato chips, candy and other processed food, and they want to be like their heroes.How do they do it?They eat the same food. I wish there were more characters like old Popeye(大力水手), the sailor, who ate spinach(菠菜) and not French fries.
Now I don't expect my children to eat healthy food because I like brown rice, beans, and fresh vegetables. I'm glad to cook traditional meals of meat and potatoes for them. I really can't be too upset with the kids because most adults aren't careful about what they eat. The other night, my wife and I went to a party where there was plenty to drink but very little for us to eat. They served hot dogs and hamburgers. I can't eat hot dogs, with all those preservatives(防腐剂), and hamburgers are filled with chemicals so that they look better. Besides the meat, they had sugar-filled cookies and cake, and of course, chips. I don't want the world to change because of me, but I think people should realize that there are alternatives(选择) to eating meat. They always tell me that I probably don't get my essential(必要的) proteins. I feel better than ever and I'm sure that it's because I'm a vegetarian(素食主义者). I would really like to see more television advertisements which show the benefits of good, healthy, natural food.
1.According to the passage, it seems that ______.
A.canned food is the only one that the kids enjoy most.
B.the children like to have fried chicken only.
C.the kids prefer to have cold drinks, not junk food
D.the children like nothing better than junk food: cookies and chips
2.which of the following is NOT true?
A.Television influences children’s food choice
B.The author is not single and he eats meats
C.Though the author is a vegetarian, he feels very healthy
D.It is certain that beans and spinach are not junk food
3.The writer is a vegetarian, so people doubt very much _____.
A.why he goes to the party B.whether he gets enough proteins
C.whether he allows his children to eat meat D.whether he is healthy and strong
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Paragraph 1
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds. (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.
Paragraph 2
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw(生的) or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
Paragraph 3
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry.
The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
1.According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?
A.chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages B.potatoes, carrots, rice, bread
C.oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes D.beef, pork, fish, milk
2.It is important for people to eat _______.
A.three times a day
B.dinner at the right time
C.cooked food all the day
D.something from each of the seven kinds of food every day
3.Which of the following is NOT true?
A.People in some places don’t have enough to eat.
B.There are too many people in the world.
C.One of the problems is that no one is hungry.
D.The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy.
4.If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?
A.When people should eat.
B.What to do with the two problems.
C.How to cook food in different ways.
D.Why people eat different kinds of food.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds. (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 :00 in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
1.According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?
A. beef, pork, fish, milk B. potatoes, carrots, rice, bread
C. chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages D. oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes
2.If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?
A. When people eat their lunch
B. Why people eat different kinds of food
C. How to cook food in different ways
D. What to do with the two problems
3.People in different countries and different places of the world _______.
A. eat food in different ways B. cooks their food in the same way
C. has their meals at the same time D. has the right kinds of food to eat
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2)citrus (柑橘)fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables ; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal (谷物), rice is also in this kind of foods; (7) Butter or something like butter.
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first thin g is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kind of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
1. According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?
A.chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages. | B.potatoes, carrots, rice, bread. |
C.oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes. | D.beef, pork, fish, milk |
2. It is important for people to eat __________.
A.three times a day | B.dinner at twelve o’clock |
C.cooked food all the day | |
D.something from each of the seven kinds of food every day. |
3.People in different countries and different places of the world________________.
A.have the right kinds of food to eat | B.cook their food in the same way |
C.have their meals at the same time | D.eat food in different ways. |
4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A.People in some places don’t have enough to eat. |
B.There are too many people in the world. |
C.One of the problems is that no one is hungry. |
D.The scientists are trying to make people e grow to be strong and healthy. |
5.If there is paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?
A.When people eat their lunch. | B.What to do with the two problems. |
C.How to cook food in different ways. | D.Why people eat different kinds of food. |
高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Scientists in Colombia have trained a team of rats to help remove land mines from the countryside. Land mines are small bombs hidden in the ground and designed to explode(爆炸) when someone steps on them.
When trained, the rats can smell special metals in the mines and then signal(发信号) to their human team. Then why use rats for such an important job?
In the past, dogs have been used to find bombs. Rats have a good sense of smell and can respond to orders, just like dogs do. But rats are much lighter than dogs. They stand less of a chance of setting off the mines, which explode under a certain amount of weight. What’s more, the best rats are cheaper to keep than dogs. It costs about the same amount of money to take care of one dog as it does 70 rats.
The rats have already been used in Tanzania, an African country with many land mines. Luisa Fernanda Méndez and her team in Colombia are training the even lighter Wistar rats. These are the white rats with red eyes that scientists often use in laboratory experiments. “They even train their babies to perform their jobs, which saves us a lot of time, ” Méndez said.
Colombia has the second-highest rate(比率) of deaths from land mine accidents in the world. Last year, land mines killed 695 people — 56 of whom were children. A criminal group called the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, as well as other organizations, have placed the mines. FARC are strongly against Colombia’s government. The group has placed mines all around its own bases and in many places in the countryside.
In the past, the Colombian government hired peasants and poor farmers to find mines. Many of them died trying to find the well-hidden bombs.
Colombian police official Erick Guzmán hopes the team of rats can come to the rescue(援救). “These rats will be a great help,” he said.
1.How do rats help to find land mines?
A.By their special sight. B.By their light weight.
C.By their sense of smell. D.By their excellent hearing.
2.The advantage of rats over dogs in finding bombs is that _____.
A.they are cleverer.
B.they run faster
C.they have a better sense of smell
D.they don’t make mines explode as easily
3.The underlined word “They” may refer to ______.
A.scientists B.Wistar rats
C.dogs D.Méndez and her team
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A.Specially-trained rats help clear land mines.
B.People in Tanzania are suffering from land mines.
C.Dogs are no longer used to find land mines.
D.Land mines have become a great danger to Colombians.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The scientist’s many years’ careful observation ____ a surprising discovery.
A. ran into B. began with C. led to D. came from
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
A rat looked through a crack in the wall to see the farmer and his wife opening a package. What food might it contain? But he discovered that it was a rattrap (捕鼠夹).
Going back to the farmyard, the rat started to give a warning.
The rat turned to the pig and told him:“There is a rattrap in the house, a rattrap in the house!”
‘Tm sorry,Mr. Rat,” said the pig,“I can only say this is something terrible to you, but it is of no influence to me. I cannot be bothered with it.”
The rat turned to the cow. But the cow said,“Like wow,Mr. Rat? A rattrap? I am in danger, Huh?”
The rat returned to the house, head down and dejected. So the rat had to face the farmer's rattrap alone.
That very night, a sound was heard throughout the house,like the sound of a rattrap catching its prey (猎物)The farmer's wife rushed to see what was caught. In the darkness,she did not notice that it was a poisonous snake whose tail had been caught by the trap. The snake bit her.
The farmer rushed her to hospital. She returned home with a fever. Everyone knows that a fever could be treated with fresh chicken soup, so the farmer took his knife to the farmyard for the soup. However, his wife's sickness continued.
The farmer's friends and neighbors came to sit with her around the clock. To feed them, the farmer killed the pig. But she didn't get well. Finally, she diedand so many people came for the last sight that the farmer had the cow killed to provide meat for all of them.
So the next time you hear that someone is facing a problem and think that it does not concern you, remember that the whole farmyard is at risk when there is a rattrap in the house.
1.From the passage we know that______.
A.the pig helped the rat get rid of the trap
B.the cow strongly believed in what the rat said
C.no animals showed concern over the rat's warning
D.the snake was killed immediately after being caught
2.The underlined word ‘‘dejected” is the closest in meaning to______.
A.disappointed B.surprised C.determined D.excited
3.We can learn from the article that_____.
A.the farmer had planned to kill the rat
B.the rat was very wise in avoiding the trap
C.the farmer's wife got good treatment in hospital
D.the rat had expected what would happen to the pig and cow
4.What message does the story intend to pass?
A.We should mind our own business.
B.Everything is related to something else.
C.We'd better treat animals in a friendly way.
D.The farmer couple and their friends are all foolish.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A rat looked through a crack in the wall to see the farmer and his wife opening a package. What food might it contain? But he discovered that it was a rattrap (捕鼠夹).
Going back to the farmyard, the rat started to give a warning.
The rat turned to the pig and told him:“There is a rattrap in the house, a rattrap in the house!”
“I’m sorry, Mr. Rat,” said the pig, “I can only say this is something terrible to you, but it is of no consequence to me. I cannot be bothered with it.”
The rat turned to the cow. But the cow said, “Like wow, Mr. Rat? A rattrap? I am in danger, Huh?”
The rat returned to the house, head down and dejected. So the rat had to face the farmer's rattrap alone.
That very night, a sound was heard throughout the house, like the sound of a rattrap catching its prey (猎物). The farmer's wife rushed to see what was caught.In the darkness, she did not notice that it was a poisonous snake whose tail had been caught by the trap. The snake bit her.The farmer rushed her to hospital. She returned home with a fever. Everyone knows that a fever could be treated with fresh chicken soup, so the farmer took his knife to the farmyard for the soup. However, his wife's sickness continued.
The farmer's friends and neighbors came to sit with her around the clock. To feed them, the farmer killed the pig. But she didn't get well. Finally, she died, and so many people came for the last sight that the farmer had the cow killed to provide meat for all of them.
So the next time you hear that someone is facing a problem and think that it does not concern you, remember that the whole farmyard is at risk when there is a rattrap in the house.
1.From the passage we know that ______.
A.the pig helped the rat get rid of the trap
B.the cow strongly believed in what the rat said
C.no animals showed concern over the rat's warning
D.the snake was killed immediately after being caught
2.The underlined word ‘‘dejected” is the closest in meaning to _______.
A.disappointed B.surprised C.irritated D.excited
3.We can learn from the article that _______.
A.the farmer had planned to kill the rat
B.the rat was very clever in avoiding the trap
C.the farmer's wife got good treatment in hospital
D.the rat had expected what would happen to the pig and cow
4. What message does the story intend to pass?
A.We should mind our own business.
B.Everything is related to something else.
C.We'd better treat animals in a friendly way.
D.The farmer couple and their friends are all foolish.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析