Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new material that can move heat out of buildings and into space. The researchers say the material can cool buildings even on hot days. The cooling material is a very thin sheet with many layers that could be placed on a roof like solar panels(板). However, instead of turning sunlight into energy as solar panels do, the material turns heat into radiation.
Shanhui Fan is an electrical engineering professor at Stanford University. He says that the panels have a layer of material that is like sand. The panels act like a mirror. They take heat out of buildings and reflect the light from the sun. And he says both the heat and sunlight are sent 100 kilometers into outer space. "It's a structure(构造) that cools itself without electricity input, even under the sun. So, what it does is basically radiate heat to outer space and also reflect the sunlight so it doesn't get heated up by the sun. Mr. Fan says it is like having a window into space. The heat is sent directly into space without warming the air.”
He says buildings in developing countries that do not have electricity or air conditioning could use the panels. "In areas where electricity is out of reach for many people, there is a potential (潜在的) benefit for storing medicine or even food. In many of these situations, being able to reduce the temperature is important. And this would provide a way to do it.”
The researchers say the main problem is creating actual cooling systems using the high-tech panels. They say it may be possible to develop a cooling spray(喷涂) that could be used on present solid structures. They believe the cooling spray technology could be developed in the next three to five years. They say as much as 15 percent of the energy used in the United States is spent providing power to air conditioning systems.
1.The first paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A. living on hot days is no longer a big problem now
B. a new material is created to cool the buildings
C. researchers are developing new solar panels on roofs
D. the new material is a very thin sheet with many layers
2.How does the panel work?
A. It takes in the heat and cools it down.
B. It uses a mirror to reflect the sunlight.
C. It sends heat away right into space.
D. It has a window to let out the heat.
3.The new material is especially useful in areas that ________.
A. suffer high temperature
B. have poor air conditioning
C. have plenty of food
D. are short of power
4.What can you infer from the passage?
A. The appliance of the new panel is still under research.
B. Some people got benefits from producing the panels.
C. People may have problems in using the new material.
D. The new panels may save 15 percent of the energy.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a new material that can move heat out of buildings and into space. The researchers say the material can cool buildings even on hot days. The cooling material is a very thin sheet with many layers that could be placed on a roof like solar panels(板). However, instead of turning sunlight into energy as solar panels do, the material turns heat into radiation.
Shanhui Fan is an electrical engineering professor at Stanford University. He says that the panels have a layer of material that is like sand. The panels act like a mirror. They take heat out of buildings and reflect the light from the sun. And he says both the heat and sunlight are sent 100 kilometers into outer space. "It's a structure(构造) that cools itself without electricity input, even under the sun. So, what it does is basically radiate heat to outer space and also reflect the sunlight so it doesn't get heated up by the sun. Mr. Fan says it is like having a window into space. The heat is sent directly into space without warming the air.”
He says buildings in developing countries that do not have electricity or air conditioning could use the panels. "In areas where electricity is out of reach for many people, there is a potential (潜在的) benefit for storing medicine or even food. In many of these situations, being able to reduce the temperature is important. And this would provide a way to do it.”
The researchers say the main problem is creating actual cooling systems using the high-tech panels. They say it may be possible to develop a cooling spray(喷涂) that could be used on present solid structures. They believe the cooling spray technology could be developed in the next three to five years. They say as much as 15 percent of the energy used in the United States is spent providing power to air conditioning systems.
1.The first paragraph mainly tells us ________.
A. living on hot days is no longer a big problem now
B. a new material is created to cool the buildings
C. researchers are developing new solar panels on roofs
D. the new material is a very thin sheet with many layers
2.How does the panel work?
A. It takes in the heat and cools it down.
B. It uses a mirror to reflect the sunlight.
C. It sends heat away right into space.
D. It has a window to let out the heat.
3.The new material is especially useful in areas that ________.
A. suffer high temperature
B. have poor air conditioning
C. have plenty of food
D. are short of power
4.What can you infer from the passage?
A. The appliance of the new panel is still under research.
B. Some people got benefits from producing the panels.
C. People may have problems in using the new material.
D. The new panels may save 15 percent of the energy.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers at the University of Bedforshire have developed a new technique for powering electronic device（装置）. The system, developed by Professor Ben Allen at the Centre for Wireless Research, uses radio（无线电） waves as power.
Believed to be a world first, the team claims it could eventually eliminate (or get rid of )the need for conventional batteries. The university has now filed a patent application to secure the only rights to the technique.
Professor Allen and his team have created a system to use medium wave frequencies to replace batteries in small everyday devices like clocks and remote controls.
The new technique uses the “waste” energy of radio waves and has been developed as part of the university’s research into “power harvesting”. Professor Allen said that as radio waves have energy―like light waves, sound waves or wind waves―then, in theory, these waves could be used to create power.
“The emerging（新兴的）area of power harvesting technology promises to reduce our reliance on conventional batteries,” he said. “It’s really exciting way of taking power from sources other than what we would normally think of.”
The team is now waiting for the results of the patent application to secure recognition of the technique. Professor Allen said that the team’s achievements had all been done in their “spare time”. “Our next stage is to try and raise some real funds so that we can take this work forward and make a working prototype（模型）and maybe partner up with the right people and take this to a full product in due course,” he said.
“Power harvesting has a really important part in our future, because, just in this country, we dispose of somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 tonnes of batteries in landfill（垃圾填理）sites every single year－that is toxic chemicals going into the ground.”
He added that development of the product could also be “commercially beneficial”. “The market for this is several billion pounds. We’ve seen market predictions for 2020 which have these kinds of figures, so there’s a lot of commercial potential in this area,” he said.
Pro-Vice Chancellor at the University of Bedfordshire, Professor Carsten Maple, said, “This type of work is a reflection of the university’s growing reputation and experience in conducting innovative（创新的）research.”
1.From the text we know the new technique for powering electronic devices_____.
| A．can be applied to all electronic devices. |
| B．uses radio waves to create power. |
| C．has replaced conventional batteries. |
| D．produces many toxic chemicals. |
2.According to Professor Allen, power harvesting technology______.
| A．makes every use of radio waves. |
| B．takes power from usual sources. |
| C．reduces our dependency on conventional batteries. |
| D．aims at huge commercial benefits. |
3.What can we learn about Professor Allen and his team from the text?
| A．They have made use of radio waves in their daily life. |
| B．They have raised a big fund to support their research. |
| C．They have gained a patent for their new technology. |
| D．They mainly did their research in their spare time. |
4.What is Professor Carsten Maple’s attitude toward the new technique?
| A．Critical. | B．Favorable. | C．Conservative. | D．Negative. |
5.What is the text mainly about?
| A．A new technique to create power. |
| B．A crisis concerning conventional batteries. |
| C．Some special sources of power. |
| D．The development of power harvesting. |
高一英语阅读理解极难题查看答案及解析
Researchers in China and the United States have developed a new cataract(白内障)treatment with cells that has restored vision in babies in a trial and may eventually be used in adults.
The treatment- by doctors and staff members at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Sichuan and Sun Yat-sen universities in China-was published in March 9 edition of the scientific journal Nature.
A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens(晶体)of an eye. Typical cataract operation involves the removal of the cloudy lens and the insertion of an artificial one. The new operation has been tested in animals and during a small, human trial. It resulted in fewer complications(并发症)than the current harmful operation, and in regrown lenses with superior visual function in all 12 of the baby cataract patients who received the procedure.
A congenital cataract- lens clouding that occurs at birth or shortly after- is important cause of blindness in children. In the new research, Kand Zhang, head of ophthalmic genetics at US San Diego’s Shiley Eye Institute, and his colleagues relied on the regrown potential of endogenous(同源的)stem cells.
According to Zhang, endogenous stem cells are different from other stem cells that are typically grown in a laboratory, transplanted into a patient, and can have risks of immune（免疫的）rejection, infection or cancers. Zhang told CBS News, “We invented a new operation to make a very small opening at the side of a cataractous lens bag, remove the cataract inside, allow the opening to heal, and promote potential lens stem cells to regrow an entirely new lens with vision.”
The human trial involved 12 babies under the age of 2 who were treated with the new method, while 25 babies received thee standard operation care.. The latter group experienced a higher incidence of pos- operation danger, early- onset eye high blood pressure and increased lens clouding. The scientists reported fewer complications and faster healing among the 12 babies who has the new procedure.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A. The concept of the cataract
B. A new cataract treatment with stem cells
C. Bad effects of post-operation in the cataract
D. The reasons why the cataract comes into being
2.Which of the following best describe the new cataract treatment according to the passage?
A. Convenient B. Comfortable
C. Cheap D. Safe
3.What can we learn about the new cataract treatment?
A. It has more risks
B. It may be used widely
C. It has been put into practice widely
D. It can only restore vision in babies
4.What does the underlined word “congenital” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A. Born B. Strange
C. Serious D. Dangerous.
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
ScienceDaily (May 28, 2010) --- Researchers at Oregon State University (OSU) have made important progress in work that should lead toward robots that can not only walk and run very well, but use little energy at the same time.
Studies are moving closer to designing robots that could do dangerous work, create prosthetic limbs（假肢）for humans that work much better than in the past, or even help some people who use wheelchairs to get “walking” abilities.
“Researchers have been working toward robot movement for a long time,” said Jonathan Hurst, a professor at OSU. “What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot.”
The movement of humans and other animals is difficult to copy. Using little energy, they can move easily over hard areas, and enjoy balance from muscles（肌肉）. They have different ways to deal with forces, such as holding something hard in place rigidly（牢牢地）, like the act of holding a cup of coffee level during a car ride. In their recent studies, the OSU researchers proved that these two abilities are mutually exclusive（相互排斥的）. Humans deal with this problem by using pairs of muscles. For a robot, the more it’s able to do one of these tasks, the less able it is to do the other.
Presently, robots that can walk and run must be as rigid as possible while walking. But this way uses a lot of energy. The OSU researchers are working toward something that has similar or better performance, but uses far less energy, and is closer to the abilities of animals.
“So there’s no reason why we shouldn’t be able to build robots with good movement ability,” Hurst said. “Clearly this might be useful in highly dangerous situations. But I could also see great improvements possible with prosthetic limbs that work much better than present technology. ”
72. 1.The robots being studied by researchers at OSU ______.
A. are successful now
B. use little energy
C. do better than before
D. can run faster than humans
73. 2.Which of the following have researchers been studying all the time?
A. The robots’ movement
B. The robots’ weight
C. The robots’ sizes
D. The robots’ walking speed
74. 3.The underlined words “two abilities” in Para.4 refer to ______.
A. walking and running
B. walking and holding
C. moving and using little energy
D. moving and balancing
75. 4.According to Jonathan Hurst, we know that robots with good movement ability ______.
A. can be used in medical science
B. are only used in highly dangerous situations
C. will hardly be created in the future
D. will have a bad influence on man
高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Researchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence (AI) system to write fake reviews on Yelp, a website showing customers’ reviews on shopping or something else, and it’s pretty hard to tell them apart from a human review.
Their study, which will be pressed at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communication Security in October, aimed to stress how easily these systems can write reviews like humans and how damaging they can become if they're not mentioned properly.
Since many small businesses rely on online reviews to help grow and support their reputation, a future where someone—like a competitor or angry customer—could crazily fill their page with bad reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying.
And, according to the research team, the threat goes far beyond a bunch of fake reviews on Yelp. “In general, the threat is bigger,” Ben Y. Zhao, one of the authors of the study, said. “I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not. I think that's going to be even more unimaginable.”
To test how believable these reviews came across, the researchers invited 40 volunteers and had AI generate(生成) five fake reviews for 40 actual restaurants. The volunteers were asked how useful they thought the reviews were and whether or not they thought they were fake. The AI reviews ranked as “effectively indistinguishable” from real reviews, according to the study. Further the fake reviews were given a 3.15 “usefulness” rating, compared to a 3.28 rating for human reviews.
1.Why do researchers use AI system to write fake reviews on Yelp?
A. To press their study at the ACM Conference.
B. To replace humans reviews with AI reviews.
C. To make sure that they are not harmful to our life.
D. To make a research on AI systems review writing.
2.According to the text, what do we know about the AI reviews?
A. They can be found everywhere.
B. They are hardly helpful to our life.
C. They can be vital to small businesses.
D. They bring us a lot of convenience.
3.What does the last paragraph tell us?
A. AI reviews were effectively distinguishable.
B. AI system was really a help in review writing.
C. Restaurants should care for customers’ reviews.
D. AI reviews were almost as believable as humans'.
4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A. To emphasize the importance of AI studying.
B. To predict what the world will be like tomorrow.
C. To warn people of the threat from AI’s fake remarks.
D. To tell the differences between AI reviews and humans'.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence( 人工智能) system, to write fake( 伪 造 的 ) reviews( 评 论 ) on Yelp, a website showing customers reviews on shopping or something else, and it's pretty hard to tell them apart from a human review.
Their study, which will be presented at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security in October, aimed to throw attention onto how easily these systems can write reviews like humans and how damaging they can become if they’re not monitored properly.
Since many small businesses depend on online reviews to help grow and keep their reputation, a future where someone—like a rival or angry customer—could crazily fill their page with negative reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying.
And, according to the research team, the threat goes far beyond fake reviews on Yelp. “In general the threat is bigger,” Ben Y. Zhao, one of the authors of the study, said. “I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not. I think that' s going to be even unimaginable.”
To test how believable these reviews are, the researchers invited 40 volunteers and had AI make five fake reviews for 40 actual restaurants. The volunteers were asked how useful they thought the review was and whether or not they thought it was fake. The AI reviews was regarded as “effectively unrecognizable ” from real reviews，according to the study. Further, the fake reviews were given a 3.15 "usefulness" rating, compared to a 3.28 rating for human reviews.
1.What can the new artificial intelligence system do according to the passage？
A. It can help train new reviewers.
B. It can tell the real reviews from the fake ones.
C. It can write human-like reviews.
D. It can easily damage the businesses.
2.What does the underlined word "rival'' mean in the passage?
A. A person who respects you deeply.
B. A person who is against you.
C. A person who loves to give fake reviews.
D. A person who can control you from distance.
3.What can we infer from Ben Y. Zhao's remarks?
A. Artificial intelligence can put the society in danger.
B. The artificial intelligence is only used by the researchers
C. Ben Y. Zhao is optimistic about the further development of artificial intelligence.
D. The artificial intelligence will help people shake.
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A. Tips on Giving Reviews. B. How to Tell the Fake Reviews.
C. Development of AI in Review on Yelp. D. AI is coming to Steal Your Reviews.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An 18-year-old student at Stanford University was struggling to pay his fees. Not knowing where to turn for money, he_________a bright idea. He and a friend decided to _________a musical concert on campus to raise money for their_________
They turned to the great pianist Ignacy Paderewski. His manager_________a guaranteed fee(保证金) of $2,000 for the piano concert. A deal was_________and the boys began to work to make the concert a_______
The big day arrived. But_________they had not managed to sell enough tickets.The total_________was only $1,600._________they went to Paderewski and explained their problem. They gave him the____________$1, 600, plus a check for the balance(余额)of $400. They promised to cash the____________at the soonest possible. Paderewski tore up the check,____________ the $1,600 and told the two boys to____________ the money they needed for the fees. The boys were ____________, and thanked him heartedly.
It was a small act of ____________. But it clearly marked out Paderewski a ____________human being.
Why should he help the two boys he did not even know? We all____________situations like these in our lives. And most of us only think, “If I help them, what will happen to me?” The truly____________people think, “If I don’t help them, what will happen to them?” They don't do it expecting something ____________. They do it because they feel it's the ____________thing to do.
1.A.dreamed of B.came up with C.thought highly of D.relied on
2.A.consider B.appreciate C.host D.attend
3.A.education B.performance C.income D.goal
4.A.increased B.accepted C.requested D.paid
5.A.struck B.offered C.ignore D.selected
6.A.tour B.base C.success D.style
7.A.uncertainly B.unluckily C.undoubtedly D.unreliably
8.A.fare B.value C.concert D.collection
9.A.Excited B.Shocked C.Disappointed D.Bored
10.A.equal B.entire C.rest D.extra
11.A.check B.promise C.deal D.charge
12.A.took B.counted C.raise D.returned
13.A.spend B.keep C.borrow D.earn
14.A.interested B.frightened C.amazed D.upset
15.A.mercy B.devotion C.kindness D.concern
16.A.grateful B.sincere C.confident D.generous
17.A.meet with B.respond to C.think about D.deal with
18.A.strong B.great C.faithful D.wealthy
19.A.in peace B.in relief C.in danger D.in return
20.A.important B.wonderful C.fair D.right
高一英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
An 18-year-old student at Stanford University was struggling to pay his fees.Not knowing where to turn for money,he came up with a bright______.He and a friend decided to host a musical concert on campus to______money for their education.
They______out to the great pianist Ignacy J.Paderewski.His manager______a guaranteed fee of $2,000 for the piano recital（独奏会).A deal was______and the boys began to work to make the concert a______.
The big day arrived.But______,they had not managed to sell enough tickets.The total______was only $ 1,600. Disappointed,they went to Paderewski and explained their plight (困境).They gave him the entire $ 1,600,plus a______for the balance $400.They promised to honour the cheque at the______possible.Paderewski tore up the cheque,______the $ 1,600 and told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees.The boys were______,and thanked him heartedly.
It was a small act of______.But it clearly marked out Paderewski______a great human being.______should he help two people he did not even know?We all______situations like these in our lives.And______of us only think “If I help them,what will happen to me?”The truly______people think, “If I don’t help them,what will happen to them?” They don't do it______something in return.They do it________they feel it’s the right thing to do.
1.A. time B. task C. decision D. idea
2.A. receive B. borrow C. raise D. donate
3.A. turned B. reached C. pointed D. called
4.A. demanded B. covered C. considered D. increased
5.A. struck B. refused C. cancelled D. attracted
6.A. success B. career C. background D. performance
7.A. uncertainly B. unbelievably C. unfortunately D. undoubtedly
8.A. cost B. bill C. collection D. tip
9.A. benefit B. interest C. charge D. cheque
10.A. soonest B. latest C. longest D. farthest
11.A. took B. counted C. saved D. returned
12.A. puzzled B. surprised C. frightened D. interested
13.A. devotion B. kindness C. respect D. teamwork
14.A. like B. for C. as D. to
15.A. How B. Where C. When D. Why
16.A. come across B. deal with C. settle into D. think of
17.A. both B. few C. none D. most
18.A. able B. rich C. great D. famous
19.A. taking B. expecting C. offering D. preparing
20.A. because B. though C. before D. so
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
I first met Mr Smith in America. He ________ at Stanford University then.
A．studied B．had studied
C．is studying D．was studying
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
A team of researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago found that too many kids are eating too much pizza and too many calories are doing harm to children’s health.
“There are a lot of takeaways from the study. But the biggest thing is that parents are serving their kids too much pizza,” said Dr.William Dietz, one of the study’s authors and the director of the Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness at the Milken Institute of Public Health at the George Washington University.
The researchers used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which tracked the diets of more than 11,000 children and teenagers. Researchers figured how many children eat pizza in the United States, how often they eat it, and how much they eat when they do.
Pizza, pretty alarmingly, is the second leading source of calories in the diets of America’s children, next only to grain desserts, such as cookies and other sweets. On any given day, roughly 20 percent of all children aged 2 to 11 and adolescents aged 12 to 19 eat pizza. And when they do, they eat a lot of it. When children eat pizza, they eat roughly 400 calories, according to the study. For teenagers, it’s upwards of 600 calories.
All that is pretty problematic, according to Dietz largely because kids don’t tend to balance the pizza slices with salads, vegetables and other more nutritional(有营养的) foodstuffs. Days on which children and teenagers eat pizza are not only associated with considerably higher intakes of fat, but also, quite simply, with more food: on average, children consume 84 extra calories on the days they eat pizza, while adolescents consume an extra 230 calories.
“When you eat extra calories and don’t compensate(抵偿) for them at another point of the day or week, it can lead to weight gain and even obesity.”Dietz said.
There is a Silver lining. Pizza consumption is still too high by nutrition standards, but it’s lower than it used to be. Consumption(消费) fell by roughly 25 percent between 2007 and 2016, according to the study. Much of that has come at dinner where it's fallen by 40 percent for children and about 33 percent for teenagers. It’s unclear whether the decline has been in connection with a growing concern over obesity, especially among the country’s youth.
But the drop in pizza consumption, while significant hasn’t been big enough “It’s a positive trend,” Dietz said. “But we’re not quite them yet.”
It’s easy to see the appeal of pizza. It’s cheap. Parents can buy a lot of pizza for not a lot of money. Besides, they can buy pizza from a chain shop, a mom-and-pop store or a grocery freezer. And it’s universally loved. The estimated 3 billion pizza eaten each year in the United States is a proof of the food’s unmatched popularity. Given how much the country loves pizza, what’s to be done? Dietz suggests pizza with smaller serving sizes and healthier toppings(配料). “We’re not suggesting that kids avoid pizza altogether.” said Dietz. “But when parents serve it, it’s important that they understand it’s extremely caloric. They should serve smaller pizza, or at least smaller slices.”
1.According to the study, the problem with kids is that .
A. they are overweight B. they have too many takeaways
C. they are fed too much pizza D. they have very bad health
2.How did the researchers get the result?
A. Through interviewing. B. By analyzing data.
C. By tracking kids’ diets. D. Through experimenting.
3.We know from the passage that when kids eat pizza, .
A. they usually don’t eat other food B. they eat less of other food
C. they are not likely to balance their diet D. they usually eat with vegetables
4.What does the underlined part a silver lining in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A. Something hopeful B. Something valuable.
C. Something miserable. D. Something successful.
5.What’s the key message of the last paragraph?
A. Pizza consumption fell significantly in America.
B. Pizza has many advantages over other food.
C. Eating too much pizza can lead to failing health and obesity.
D. The pizza problem may be improved through its size and topping.
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析