Less than 5 percent of elephants die from cancer, and researchers may have finally figured out why.
According to a study from The University of Chicago, elephants produce "zombie genes" (僵尸基因)that can help protect the animal from cancer.
Here's how it works: Humans and other animals carry one copy of a " master tumor suppressor" Gene(主肿瘤抑制基因). Elephants have 20 copies. Scientists found that gene can cause a "zombie gene" to come back to life with a new purpose: killing cells in damaged DNA.
This is beneficial. because it acts in response to genetic mistakes, errors made when the DNA is being repaired, said Vincent Lynch, an assistant professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago and the study's lead author, in a statement. " Getting rid of that cell can prevent a subsequent cancer. "
Scientists say the gene also helps elephants enjoy long lives. They likely emerged roughly 25 to 30 million years ago, when small - sized ancestors of modern elephants grew bigger, Lynch said.
Researchers want to conduct more studies to find out exactly how the genes in elephants kill off cells in damaged DNA. That could help humans: Studying how animals' bodies fight off cancer could lead to strategies to treat people. An estimated 17% of people worldwide die of cancer, according to the study published in the journal Cell Reports.
"If we can understand how these genomic changes (基因组变化 ) are contributing to cancer resistance, then we'll be able to start thinking about how we translate these to our patients. "Joshua Schiffman professor of pediatrics at University of Utah and an investigator at Huntsman Cancer Institute, said in an interview with CNN.
1.Why do elephants have a lower risk of dying from cancer than humans?
A. They have less "zombie genes".
B. They eat less meat and more grass.
C. They are huge enough to kill cells in damaged DNA.
D. They have more copies of a "master tumor suppressor" gene.
2.The "master tumor suppressor" gene brings the following benefits except that .
A. it can prolong elephants' lives B. it can be transplanted into humans
C. it can kill cells, in damaged DNA D. it can bring "zombie genes" back to life
3.What does the underlined word "these" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. genomic changes B. cancer resistance
C. animals bodies D. cells in damaged DNA
4.What is still a "puzzle" for researchers?
A. How many people die of cancer.
B. What kind of gene can kill the cancer
C. Why we adopt the strategies to treat people.
D. How the genes defeat the cells in damaged DNA.
高三英语阅读理解困难题
Less than 5 percent of elephants die from cancer, and researchers may have finally figured out why.
According to a study from The University of Chicago, elephants produce "zombie genes" (僵尸基因)that can help protect the animal from cancer.
Here's how it works: Humans and other animals carry one copy of a " master tumor suppressor" Gene(主肿瘤抑制基因). Elephants have 20 copies. Scientists found that gene can cause a "zombie gene" to come back to life with a new purpose: killing cells in damaged DNA.
This is beneficial. because it acts in response to genetic mistakes, errors made when the DNA is being repaired, said Vincent Lynch, an assistant professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago and the study's lead author, in a statement. " Getting rid of that cell can prevent a subsequent cancer. "
Scientists say the gene also helps elephants enjoy long lives. They likely emerged roughly 25 to 30 million years ago, when small - sized ancestors of modern elephants grew bigger, Lynch said.
Researchers want to conduct more studies to find out exactly how the genes in elephants kill off cells in damaged DNA. That could help humans: Studying how animals' bodies fight off cancer could lead to strategies to treat people. An estimated 17% of people worldwide die of cancer, according to the study published in the journal Cell Reports.
"If we can understand how these genomic changes (基因组变化 ) are contributing to cancer resistance, then we'll be able to start thinking about how we translate these to our patients. "Joshua Schiffman professor of pediatrics at University of Utah and an investigator at Huntsman Cancer Institute, said in an interview with CNN.
1.Why do elephants have a lower risk of dying from cancer than humans?
A. They have less "zombie genes".
B. They eat less meat and more grass.
C. They are huge enough to kill cells in damaged DNA.
D. They have more copies of a "master tumor suppressor" gene.
2.The "master tumor suppressor" gene brings the following benefits except that .
A. it can prolong elephants' lives B. it can be transplanted into humans
C. it can kill cells, in damaged DNA D. it can bring "zombie genes" back to life
3.What does the underlined word "these" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. genomic changes B. cancer resistance
C. animals bodies D. cells in damaged DNA
4.What is still a "puzzle" for researchers?
A. How many people die of cancer.
B. What kind of gene can kill the cancer
C. Why we adopt the strategies to treat people.
D. How the genes defeat the cells in damaged DNA.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
People who do not smoke have less ______of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so.
A. potential B. pattern
C. preference D. prejudice
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
People who do not smoke have less ______of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so．
A．potential B．pattern
C．preference D．prejudice
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
People who do not smoke have less ______of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so.
A. potential B. pattern
C. preference D. prejudice
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Eating 40 percent less food could extend a person`s life by 20 years, according to scientists.
Researchers at the Institute of Health Ageing at University College London are developing a treatment that they hope will fight the `disease` of getting older.
They are looking into how genetics（遗传学） and lifestyle can affect ageing and add years, possibly decades, to a person`s life.
Age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and neuro degeneration can also be treated, it is claimed.
They want to find out how the life of a rat can be increased by up to 30 percent simply by reducing its food intake.
Researcher Dr. Piper told the Independent : `If you reduce the diet of a rat by 40 percent it will live for 20 or 30 percent longer. So we would be talking 20 years of human life. This has shown on all sorts of animals, even Labradors(a kind of dog).`The scientists are also studying fruit flies, which share 60 percent of human genes and age in a similar manner, and mice.
They have already made the healthy lifespan(寿命) longer in both flies and mice by using drug treatments and a balanced diet. It is hoped that this combination will also work to extend(延长) human life. Dr. Piper said: `If we discover the genes involved with ageing, we should be able to delay ageing itself. This is what we`ve found.`
He added that the field of research into extending life is only a decade old, so remains `in theory . It is their special approach to treating all age-related diseases caused by the `disease` of ageing itself that sets their research apart.
1.The author writes this text in order to_____.
A. encourage people to eat as little as possible
B. tell people how harmful food is to their health
C. introduce an on-going research on delaying ageing
D. show how similar mice and humans are to each other
2.How can people live longer according to the text?
A. Exercise regularly.
B. Reduce their diet properly.
C. Vary their lifestyles constantly.
D. Change their genes completely.
3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggest?
A. The research is effort-taking.
B. The result of the research is reliable.
C. The research has been done for a long time.
D. There’s a long way to go to put the theory into practice.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
American women who work as computer programmers, chefs and dentists earn 28 percent less than men doing the same jobs. Those are the jobs with the biggest wage differences between men and women, according to a new study.
Overall, the study found that women earn 5. 4 percent less than men for doing the same job, in the same location and for the same employer. The wage differences between women and men were similar in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany and France.
5.4 percent is a big difference in pay between men and women because it cannot be explained by women and men taking the same kinds of jobs. It can only be explained by bias(倔见)against women, or other causes, such as women not being good at asking for pay.
Research suggests that women do not negotiate(交涉)as well as men when it comes to pay.
And women are generally more uncomfortable asking fellow employees how much they make, sothey can see if they are being paid fairly.
According to the study, women earned at least 15 percent less than men in these job categories:psychologists,pharmacists,physicians,opticians,pilots and game artists.
But in the fields of social work, selling merchandise, research assistants and physician advisors, women earn more than men. In social work, women earned 7. 8 percent more than men, the report said. That was the job category with the biggest advantage for women. It was still far less than the 28 percent pay advantage for men in some fields.
Comparing salaries for full-time workers, women earn only 79 percent as much as men. Over a lifetime, that much of a difference in pay can amount to a large amount of money.
Women only earned 57 percent as much as men in 1975. It is now up t0 79 percent. That is
progress, the report says, but not enough.
1.Which of the following has the biggest pay differences between women and men?
A. A pilot. B. A game artist.
C. A research assistant. D. A computer programmer.
2.Why do women earn less than men when doing the same job?
A. They don’t try their best to fight for better pay.
B. They care less about their pay than men.
C. Bosses usually looks down upon women.
D. They don-t work as effectively as men.
3.How much income do full-time women workers lose compared with men?
A. 5.4%. B. 7.8%.
C. 21%. D. 28%.
4.What does the report think of the women's pay?
A. It is growing rather quickly. B. It is rising but not satisfying.
C. It is not fair for women workers. D. It is reasonable for present situation.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
American women who work as computer programmers, chefs and dentists earn 28 percent less than men doing the same jobs. Those are the jobs with the biggest wage differences between men and women, according to a new study.
On the whole, the study found that women earn 5.4 percent less than men for doing the same job, in the same location and for the same employer. The wage differences between women and men were similar in the United Kingdom, Australia, Germany and France.
5.4 percent is a big difference in pay between men and women because it cannot be explained by women and men taking the same kinds of jobs. It can only be explained by bias(偏见) against women, or other causes, such as women not being good at asking for pay.
Research suggests that women do not negotiate as well as men when it comes to pay. And women are generally more uncomfortable asking fellow employees how much they make, so they cannot see if they are being paid fairly.
According to the study, women earned at least 15 percent less than men in these job categories: psychologists, pharmacists, physicians, opticians, pilots and game artists.
But in the fields of social work, selling merchandise, research assistants and physician advisors, women earn more than men. In social work, women earned 7.8 percent more than men, the report said. That was the job category with the biggest advantage for women. It was still far less than the 28 percent pay advantage for men in some fields.
Comparing salaries for full-time workers, women earn only 79 percent as much as men. Over a lifetime, that much of a difference in pay can amount to a large amount of money.
Women only earned 57 percent as much as men in 1975. It is now up to 79 percent. That is progress, the report says, but not enough.
1.Which of the following has the biggest pay differences between women and men?
A. A pilot. B. A game artist.
C. A research assistant. D. A computer programmer.
2.Why do women earn less than men when doing the same job?
A. They are not good at negotiating for pay.
B. They care less about their pay than men.
C. Women look down upon themselves.
D. They don’t work as effectively as men.
3.How much income do full-time women workers lose compared with men?
A. 5.4%. B. 7.8%.
C. 21%. D. 28%.
4.What does the report think of the women’s pay?
A. It is growing rather quickly. B. It is rising but not satisfying.
C. It is not fair for women workers. D. It is reasonable for present situation.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman.
A. than B. such C. so D. as
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman.
A. than B. such C. so D. as
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Less than twenty percent of the employees in their company are women.That is to say，women are in the____.
A.majority B.activity C.probability D.minority
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析