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Love it or hate it, there is no escape from Internet slang(俚语).
This is especially true among young people in some English-speaking countries such as Australia, the UK and the US. These days, if they haven’t caught up with the latest popular Internet slang, chances are that they often feel behind the times.
Take these posts by The Washington Post for example: “David Bowie dying is totes tradge” and “When Cookie hugged Jamal, it made me totes emosh. ”
What on earth do these mean? Well, “totes” is a short form of the adverb “totally”. Likewise, “tradge” means “tragic” and “emosh” means “emotional”.
It seems that, for millennials (those born between the early 1980s and late 1990s), typing in this abbreviated form is not only time-saving but also in.
Many millennial slang words are formed by what linguists(语言学家) call the practice of “totesing” —the systematic abbreviation of words, according to a recent article in The Washington Post.
Some people think that millennial slang affects the English language negatively. However, Melbourne University linguist Rosey Billington doesn’t agree.
“When you are able to use language in a creative way, you show you are linguistically knowledgeable because you know the language rules well enough to use words in a different way.” Billington told News.com.au.
Her view is supported by two linguists, Lauren Spradlin and Taylor Jones, from the City University of New York and the University of Pennsylvania respectively. The two believe that totes-speak is a highly-organized system that can only be used by speakers who have mastered English pronunciation.
The ability to break apart syllables(音节) and mix different sounds together is key. “Totesing is about sounds, and it follows the sometimes-complex sound system of English,” Jones told The Washington Post. “Totesing is considered random by some people, but it’s not true. Instead, it has strict rules to follow. You need to be very fluent in the English language to be able to understand totes-speak. ”
1.How does the author explain the meaning of totesing?
A. With comparisons.
B. Through examples.
C. By listing facts.
D. By analyzing causes and effects.
2.What is Lauren Spradlin’s attitude toward the practice of totesing?
A. Worried. B. Indifferent(漠不关心的).
C. Positive. D. Doubtful.
3.The underlined word “random” in the last paragraph probably means _______.
A. complex B. organized
C. irregular D. meaningless
4.What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The reasons why totesing is popular among the young.
B. The ways that the young use in totesing.
C. The popularity of totesing and linguists’ attitude to it.
D. The definition(定义) and practice of totesing.
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In Europe, there is no escape for those who do not appreciate art and architecture(建筑). It is a heaven for people who want to feel like they have been transported to famous historical time periods from America. For me, Europe was a complete contrast from America. London and France had a more royal feel than New York, and Rome felt more ancient. I wasn’t just on a different continent; it felt like I was in a different century.
My parents and I visited London, Paris and Rome this summer in celebration of the end of my high school experience. It was supposed to be a break from a life as busy as a bee in New York, the constant stress, the crowded subway rides, and the weary body that had accompanied me for the last four years. It was an opportunity to appreciate Europe the way I couldn’t do it just by reading history books.
My favorite parts of London were the Tower of London and the Churchill War Rooms. As a site of past executions(刑场), the Tower of London displayed punishing devices from the 16th and 17th century and told stories of various members of the royal family who had ever been imprisoned in the tower, some even imprisoned by their own family members when they were seen as a threat to the crown. Besides that, I also got to see the royal family’s crown jewels, amazingly beautiful.
The Churchchill War Rooms, though very different from the Tower of London, were also spellbinding from a historic perspective. I am not a history fan, but I enjoy museums, and I took fancy in the Churchchill Museum inside the War Rooms that detailed the events of Churchchill’s life and World War II. Everything I saw in it built up his life from his childhood to his last years, creating a three-dimensional Churchchill in my mind who was a person just like myself. He longed for more, he made mistakes, he experienced loneliness and sadness. But he had also done some remarkable things like uniting Britain during World War II.
Our rewarding trip ended in Rome a couple of days later.
1.What does the underlined word “contrast” in Paragraph1 mean?
A. Something different. B. Something artistic.
C. Something similar. D. Something faraway.
2.Which of the following can best describe the writer’s life in New York?
A. Relaxing and peaceful. B. Stressful and tiring.
C. Joyful but busy. D. Boring but successful.
3.What can be learned from Para 3?
A. The Tower of London is a symbol of peace.
B. The royal family members used to live in harmony.
C. The Tower of London witnessed changes of royal families.
D. Visitors could buy the crown jewels in Churchill War Rooms.
4.What really got the writer spellbound in the Churchill Museum?
A. The unique architecture. B. World War Two.
C. Churchill’s achievements. D. Churchill’s real life.
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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Recently 1.Internet slang word Foxi, or "Buddhist", has become popular, encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible, 2.other words, to live like a Buddha.
The phrase 3.(create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to follow someone else’s life path. They prefer to stay in their own world without 4.(disturb) and care little about passion and success.
Now, Chinese Internet users 5.(pair) the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example, "Buddhist students" are those 6.study just the right amount — they don’t cut class, but they don’t burn the midnight oil, either. However, some are worried about it, for they say that Foxi actually reflects the 7.(real) that young people are losing their will 8.(fight). They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure 9.(simple) because they’re incapable of succeeding.
But no matter what, there is one thing that "Buddhist youngsters" should keep in mind: you may want to keep a calm mindset regarding failure, 10.you should also be passionate and positive about school, work and life.
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Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. Daydreaming has always had a bad reputation, but now scientific research has showed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.
Now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do. Researchers are finding daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions.
Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, the same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to details. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved selfcontrol and creative abilities.
But that’s only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that “you can imagine your future”. Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these famous achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true.
Of course daydreaming is no substitute(代替者) for hard work. You have to work hard to develop skills. Daydreaming alone can’t turn you into your heart’s desire. But in combination with the more usual methods of selfdevelopment, it might make a critical difference. And who knows: You might see your own daydreams come true.
1.From the scientific research, a few minutes’ daydreaming will ________.
A. relieve stress effectively
B. improve grades
C. escape from real life and duties
D. gain a positive attitudes towards exams
2.According to Dr. Joan T. Freyberg, daydreaming can ________.
A. reduce failure in examinations
B. help rapid and continuous physical growth
C. improve selfcontrol and creative abilities
D. benefit improvement of concentration
3.What does “the story” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The attention. B. The conclusion.
C. The contribution. D. The concentration.
4.Nightingale and Edison are examples to explain that daydreaming probably ________.
A. earns a good reputation
B. takes the place of hard work
C. pictures future profession
D. turns the desire into reality
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C
Tokyo is one of those places that you can love and hate at the same time.
In Tokyo there are always too many people in the places where I want to be. Of course there are too many cars. The Japanese drive very fast, but in Tokyo they often spend a long time in traffic jams(拥挤).Tokyo is not different from London, Paris and New York in that. It is different when one wants to walk.
At certain times of the day there are a lot of people on foot in London’s Oxford Street. But the streets near the Ginza in Tokyo always have a lot of people on foot, and sometimes it is really difficult to walk. People are very polite; there are just too many of them.
The worst time to be in the street is at 11:30 at night. That is when the night-clubs are closing and everybody wants to go home. There are 35 000 night-clubs in Tokyo, and you do not often see one that is empty.
During the day, most people travel to and from work by train. Tokyo people buy six million train tickets every day. At most stations, trains arrive every two or three minutes but at certain hours there do not seem to be enough trains. Although they are usually crowded, Japanese trains are very good. They always leave and arrive on time. On a London train you would see everybody reading a newspaper. In Tokyo trains everybody in a seat seems to be asleep, whether his journey is long or short.
In Tokyo, I stood outside the station for five minutes. Three fire-engines(消防车) race past on the way to one of the many fires that Tokyo has every day .Tokyo has so many surprises that none of them can really surprise me now.
48.Tokyo is different from London in that___________.
A. it has a larger population
B. there are more traffic jams
C. it is more difficult to go somewhere on foot
D. night clubs are sometimes empty
49.Japanese trains _____________.
A. often leave and arrive on time
B. are often crowded
C. are the main means(手段，方法) people use to travel to and from work
D. all of the above
50.Where can you find everybody reading a newspaper? _____________.
A. At most London train stations B. At most Tokyo train stations
C. On a Tokyo train D. On a London train
51.Fires break out _______ in Tokyo according to the writer.
A. quite frequently (频繁) B. only several times a day
C. not very often D. very seldom
52.Which of the following is NOT true about Tokyo? ___________.
A. The streets become more crowded at 11:30 at night
B. There are more trains than cars
C. Fire-engines are very busy in the city
D. Tokyo people are polite
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Tokyo is one of those places that you can love and hate at the same time. In Tokyo there are always too many people in the places where I want to go. Of course there are too many cars. The Japanese drive very fast, but in Tokyo they often spend a long time in traffic jams. Tokyo is not different from London, Paris and New York in that, it is different when one wants to walk.
At certain times of the day there are a lot of people on foot in London's Oxford Street. But the streets near the Ginze in Tokyo always have a lot of people on foot, and sometimes it is really difficult to walk. People are very polite; there are just too many of them.
The worst time to be in the street is at 11:30 at night. That is when the night-clubs are closing and every-body wants to go home. There are 35,000 night-clubs in Tokyo, and you do not often see one that is empty(空的).
During the day, most people travel to and from work by train. Tokyo people buy six million train tickets every day. At most stations, trains arrive every two or three minutes, but at certain hours there do not seem to be enough trains. Although they are usually crowded, Japanese trains are very good. They always leave and arrive on time.
In Tokyo, I stood outside the station for five minutes. Three fire-engines raced past on the way to one of the many fires that Tokyo has every day. Tokyo has so many surprises that none of them can really surprise me now.
1. Tokyo is different from London in that ______________.
| A．it has a larger population | B．there are more traffic jams |
| C．night clubs are sometimes empty | D．it is more difficult to go somewhere on foot |
2.Fires break out___________ in Tokyo according to the writer.
| A．not very often | B．only several times a day |
| C．quite often | D．very seldom |
3.Which of the following is NOT true about Tokyo?
| A．The streets become more crowded at 11:30 at night. |
| B．There are more trains than cars. |
| C．Fire-engines are very busy in the city. |
| D．Tokyo people are friendly. |
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Tokyo is one of those places that you can love and hate at the same time.
In Tokyo there are always too many people in the places where I want to be. Of course there are too many cars. The Japanese drive very fast，but in Tokyo they often spend a long time in traffic jams. Tokyo is not different from London，Paris and New York in that. It is different when one wants to walk.
At certain times of the day there are a lot of people on foot in London’s Oxford Street. But the streets near the Ginze in Tokyo always have a lot of people on foot， and sometimes it is really difficult to walk. People are very polite; there are just too many of them.
The worst time to be in the street is at 11:30 at night. That is when the nightclubs are closing and everybody wants to go home. There are 35,000 nightclubs in Tokyo, and you do not often see one that is empty.
During the day，most people travel to and from work by train. Tokyo people buy six million train tickets every day. At most stations, trains arrive every two or three minutes, but at certain hours there do not seem to be enough trains. Although they are usually crowded, Japanese trains are very good. They always leave and arrive on time. On a London train you would see everybody reading a newspaper. In Tokyo trains everybody in a seat seems to be asleep, whether his journey is long or short.
In Tokyo, I stood outside the station for five minutes. Three fire-engines raced past on the way to one of the many fires that Tokyo has every day. Tokyo has so many surprises that none of them can really surprise me now.
1.Tokyo is different from London in that ________.
A. there are many traffic jams
B. nightclubs are sometimes empty
C. wherever I want to be, it’s too crowded
D. it is more difficult to go somewhere on foot
2.According to the passage, Japanese trains_________.
A. are always punctual
B. often delay at most situations
C. are crowded because they are often late
D. are the last means people use to travel to and from work
3.What is the story mainly about？
A. The writer’s impression of Tokyo.
B. The reasons why the writer loves Tokyo.
C. Different means of transportation in Tokyo.
D. Many surprises that Tokyo has brought to the writer.
4.Fires break out _______ in Tokyo according to the writer.
A. very seldom B. quite frequently
C. three times a day D. the most often in the world
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Some people love mooncake because it is so delicious; others hate it because it too much fat.
A. collects B. holds
C. contains D. includes
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“No matter where you are or what time it is there’s something going on at a Hard Rock Cafe. All over the world our cafes not only serve great food, but they serve up great music.” Hard Rock Cafes around the world symbolize the timeless energy, originality and unifying (团结的) spirit that have helped to shape rock music over the last century.
Founded by two Americans, the first Hard Rock Cafe (HRC) opened its doors to the public on June 14, 1971, in London. Today, HRC has become a global phenomenon with more than 180 cafes in different countries.
HRC has also become the world’s leading collector and exhibitor of rock ‘n’ roll memorabilia. It all started when Eric Clapton, a regular at the first HRC, asked the staff if they could hang his guitar on the wall to mark his favourite stool (凳子) as “his spot”. They did and one week later, a package from Pete Townshend arrived with a guitar and a note with the message, “Mine’s as good as his! Love, Pete.”
Ever since then, Hard Rock Cafes have been collecting pieces of rock memorabilia and covering their walls with them. Their collection is rotated from restaurant to restaurant and provides the world’s most comprehensive “visual history” of rock ‘n’ roll. These treasures include an awe-inspiring collection of classic guitars and other instruments, posters, music, etc.
Throughout its history, HRC has been governed by a special service philosophy: “Love All — Serve All.” Since it was established, HRC has taken part in a wide variety of humane activities around the world. Following its idea of being more than just a restaurant, HRC tries to connect its business and its passion to make the earth a safer, healthier and better place to live.
All in all, Hard Rock Cafe International is an entertainment company that continues to successfully expand the Hard Rock brand through countless music-related activities.
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To explain why HRC is a success.
B. To show the characteristics of HRC.
C. To describe the excellent service of HRC.
D. To introduce what you can share in a HRC.
2.Why did Pete send his guitar to the first HRC in London?
A. He wanted to occupy a seat.
B. He wanted to pay his bill with it.
C. He wanted his guitar to be assessed.
D. He wanted his guitar to be put on its wall.
3.What do we know about the HRC’s collection?
A. It is related to rock ‘n’ roll.
B. It is housed in the first HRC.
C. It was advocated by Eric Clapton.
D. It was financed by regular customers.
4.What does the HRC’s service philosophy imply?
A. HRC welcomes everyone to the cafe.
B. HRC is operated for a charitable purpose.
C. HRC offers various activities to its customers.
D. HRC provides the best service at the lowest price.
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Believe it or not, everything comes with_____ price; there is no such_____ thing as free lunch.
A. a; a B. the; / C. /; / D. a; /