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What do you do when somebody hurts you? Do you want to hurt that person back, or do you hold it against them for the rest of your life? If you answered “yes” to these questions, know that you are like most people. To forgive is something that most people generally have difficulty with.
People don’t forgive readily, because it is easier to hate than to forgive. Some people think to forgive is a sign of weakness, but actually to forgive takes courage and effort.
Forgiveness is a gift from a generous heart. It is not a reward for good behavior. It is not based on whether the person deserves it or whether the person has asked for it.
Besides, forgiveness is an act and a process, which often takes time. The deeper your pain, the longer it usually takes to completely forgive. It is an act because it is not just the words you say, but also your actions which show if you’ve truly forgiven someone.
Forgiveness is necessary because it helps removes the burden of bitterness and hate. It takes a lot of energy to hate and to keep that hate in place. Hate puts unnecessary stress on your body. It is a well-known fact, proven by numerous studies, that bitterness and hate can actually make you sick. The moment that people forgive and let go of their hate, they will start to get well. Forgiveness brings freedom, whereas revenge (报复) is neither sweet nor satisfying.
I have personal experience of this. I used to be very cynical about life and didn’t forgive easily. At the time, I also struggled in every area of my life. Things just didn’t seem to work out for me. It is as if everything that could go wrong, always went wrong. That was until somebody told me to take a look at my attitude. And when I forgave those who wronged me and changed my attitude, everything else changed. It didn’t happen overnight. It took a while, but I could see and feel the difference.
Are things not working out in your life, despite you doing all the “right” things? Is it possible that you are holding “unforgiveness” in your heart? It is worth thinking about.
Introduction | It is common that people find it difficult to forgive those 1.them. |
Myth of forgiveness | To forgive is a sign of weakness. |
Truth of forgiveness | To forgive is in fact a sign of 2. |
To forgive shows you have a generous heart, not that someone has done something good that is 3. your forgiveness.. | |
The time it takes to forgive someone is decided by the 4. of the pain. It is your action rather than words that really 5.. | |
Reasons for forgiveness | To hate requires much energy, thus 6. unnecessary stress on the body. Forgiveness 7. you from bitterness and burden. |
Author’s experience | Everything seemed to go wrong until I was 8. of my own attitude towards things happening to me. Everything changed in 9. to my changed attitude. |
Conclusion | When you find everything going wrong 10. your effort, think about your attitude toward forgiveness. |
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
Less is more. This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them, relax instead of stressing, and slow down instead of speeding up. Apply these principles(原则) in your everyday life. You will then find yourself well along on your journey to simplification.
Separate Your Actions
When you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didn’t even know you had. Just imagine: you have to carry two heavy pigs over 100 yards. If you carry two, it will take forever. But if you tie one pig in a place, pick up the other, gather all your strength and make a dash for the finish line, pause for a moment, run back and get the other one, and carry the second pig to the finish line, then you can be sure of success.
Say “No” Firmly
If you have the feeling that 24 hours per day are not enough for all the things you need to do, then it’s not because the day has too few hours, but because you have too many activities. The solution is equally simple: say no to accept so much work in your private life or your working life.
Allow Yourself to Be Weak
“I can deal with stress” is regarded as a positive statement in the world of work. People who can deal with stress are given more and more to --- until one day they break.
Pay careful attention to the signs that tell you that you are under more stress than you can deal with. If you become ill, or your work efficiency decreases, change your life goals. Say quite openly, “I can’t manage that.”
Stop Expecting Everything to Be Perfect
“If only I were slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever, then I would be happier.” This is a dream that makes a lot of people ill, and unhappy. Life is imperfect. Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.
Of course there are activities in which errors are dangerous: driving a car; crossing the road. But life doesn’t entirely have these things. In among them there is possibility that you may make small and large mistakes.
Escape Now and Then
Successful people all have their own places where they can be left alone in order to work. Find out which places improve your creativity. For me it’s the train. When I know that I’m going to be traveling for four hours without phone calls or people knocking on my door, I find my mind is free and I can read or write articles.
How to 1. your life | |
Theme | Less is more, which helps you 2. a simpler life. |
3. to apply | Concentrate on one task, and you will find you are more 4. than you know and achieve 5. more easily. |
6. to accept too much work in your life. | |
Change life goals if you are under more stress than you can 7.. | |
8. yourself to make mistakes since life is not perfect. 9., you will be unhappy. | |
Find out where you can be left 10. to improve your creativity. |
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Facts are sometimes more unusual than fiction. The following case makes Agatha Christie’s plot look like children’s literature.
The medical inspection of Ronald Opus’s body showed that he died from a shot gun wound of the head. He had jumped from the top of a ten-storey building intending to commit suicide(自杀). As he fell past the ninth floor, a shotgun blast through a window killed him immediately. Neither the shooter nor Opus knew that a safety net had been put up at the eighth floor level to protect some window washers and that Opus would not have been able to complete his suicide anyway because of this.
In the room on the ninth floor where the shotgun blast went through an elderly man and his wife were arguing and he was threatening her with the shotgun. He was so upset that when he pulled the trigger(扳机), he completely missed his wife and the pellets(小子弹) went through the window, striking the falling Opus.
The old man said it was his long-term habit to threaten his wife with the unloaded shotgun. He had no intention to murder her. Therefore, the killing of Opus seemed to be an accident. That is, the gun had been accidentally loaded.
The continuing investigation(调查) turned up a witness who saw the old couple’s son loading the shotgun six weeks before the fatal incident. It turned out that the old lady had cut off his son’s financial(经济的) support and the son, knowing the habit of his father to use the shotgun threateningly against his mother, loaded the gun with the expectation that his father would shoot his mother.
Further investigation showed that the son had become increasingly depressed over the failure of his attempt to engineer(密谋策划) his mother’s murder. This led him to jump off the ten-storey building, only to be killed by a shotgun blast through a ninth floor window.
The case was closed as a suicide.
1.Who shot Ronald Opus? (no more than 2 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
2.Who loaded the old man’s shotgun? (no more than 2 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
3.What was the safety net put up at the eighth floor used for? (no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
4.What was the old man’s long-term habit? (no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________________________
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram/Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage. Write NOT MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
Lead poisoning (铅中毒)happens when lead is present in high levels in the blood of a person. It is one of the most common medical problems found in children. And it’s important to recognize the presence of lead in children’s bodies because lead is very harmful.
Children often go around and put things in their mouths like paint peelings. This is one of the main causes of lead poisoning. It has also been found that children born in poor families have higher chances of getting exposed to lead.
Some of the common symptoms of lead poisoning in children are headaches, stomach pains, hair loss, muscle weakness, and weight loss, etc.
Lead poisoning can have bad effects and can lead to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurological(神经系统的)problems. It can also result in mental dullness and a low I . Q. level. There have been cases where lead poisoning proved to be terminal for children.
It’s difficult to easily recognize whether a child is affected by lead poisoning, as the symptoms of this disease can occur due to some other medical problems. Therefore, children under the age of 6 should regularly be checked to know the level of lead in their blood through blood tests. It’s possible to completely cure a child with lead poisoning through treatment. Usually the oral medicine chelator(螯合剂)is given to the children. Sometimes, children are given an injection(注射)for reducing the lead level. Children who have very high level of lead in their blood would need treatment for a long period of time and would also be put on a special diet.
Parents have to take certain precautions(预防) to lower the chance of lead poisoning in children. Cleaning the house regularly and removing shoes at the door after coming in form outside will prevent the lead particles from entering the house. Children should be put on a healthy diet, containing high proportions(比例)of calcium and iron, such as eggs, milk, fruits, potatoes, etc.Which helps to keep the lead levels in control, in the children’s bodies.
In short, it’s a must to be cautious and careful, and protect your children from the horrible results of lead poisoning.
Lead Poisoning in Children (1.)________. | ·Children’s going around and putting things in their mouths. ·High chances of(2.)________lead. |
(3.)________ | •Headaches, stomach pains, hair loss, muscle weakness, and weight loss, etc. |
Effects | ·Lead to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurological problems. ·(4.)________mental dullness and a low I. Q. level. |
Treatment | ·Make children take the chelator or(5.)________to reduce the lead level. ·Put children with a very high lead level on (6.)________ |
(7.)________ | ·(8.)________regularly and remove shoes at the door after coming in from the outside. ·Let children eat healthy food which contain(9.)________of calcium and iron. |
(10.)________ | ·You must be cautious and careful to protect your children from lead poisoning. |
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
A study published Monday found that people who sleep less tend to be fat,and experts said it’s time to find out if more sleep will fight fatness.
“We’ve put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we’ve failed to recognize the value of good sleep,”said Fred Turek,a physician at Northwestern University.
Monday’s study from Eastern Virgnia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index-a measure of weight based on height increased.
“Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights,”it said.In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.
“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies.Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients,”the study said.
“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary,as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index,”it added.
“We caution that this study does not set up a causeandeffect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness,but investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.”
The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.
Inan interview,Turek said some studies have shown the lack of sleep causes declines in an appetiteholding back protein hormone,and increases in another hormone that cause a longing for food.“In addition neuropathies(神经疗法)in the brain governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap(部分重叠),”he said.
“Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic(流行病)levels in the United States,”it added,“leading to a variety of health problems.”
A new study having been 1. | |||
2. | in the past | diet and 3. | |
this time | sleep | ||
A study from Eastern Virginia Medical School | People | 1,000 were 4. | |
difference | Men slept 27ms less than women on 5. | ||
Americans' problem | 6. sleep and fat bodies | ||
conclusion | Weight loss set up 7. between sleep & fatness. | ||
Reason | Less sleep causes protein hormone to 8. | ||
concern | developing countries | rising with 9.speed | |
in the USA | quite 10. | ||
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
AlphaZero--an Updated Model of AI
Soon after Garry Kasparov, the former world chess champion, lost his rematch against IBM’s Deep Blue in 1997, the short window of human-machine chess competition slammed shut forever. Unlike humans, machines keep getting faster, and today a smartphone chess app can be stronger than Deep Blue. However, as people see with the new AlphaZero system, machine dominance has not ended the historical role of chess as a laboratory of cognition.
Much as airplanes don’t flap their wings like birds, machines don’t produce chess moves like humans do. Based on a generic algorithm (算法), AlphaZero incorporates deep learning and other AI techniques like Monte Carlo tree search to play against itself to develop its own chess knowledge. Unlike the traditional program Stockfish, which employs many preset evaluation functions as well as opening and endgame moves, AlphaZero starts out knowing only the rules of chess, with no preset human strategies. In a few hours, it plays more games against itself than have been recorded in human chess history. It teaches itself the best way to play, reevaluating the relative values of the pieces. It quickly becomes strong enough to win 28, draw 72, and lose none in a victory over Stockfish. Since AlphaZero can program itself, this superior understanding allows it to outclass the world’s top traditional program despite calculating far fewer positions per second. It’s the typical example of the cliché, “work smarter, not harder”.
AlphaZero shows that machines can be the experts, not merely expert tools. Explainability is still an issue—it’s not going to put chess coaches out of business just yet. But the knowledge it produces is information humans can learn from. AlphaZero is surpassing humans in a profound and useful way, and researchers are working on transferring the knowledge acquired from AlphaZero to other fields.
Machine learning systems aren’t perfect. Even though great progresses have been achieved, AI algorithms are still struggling on open problems such as computer vision, natural language understanding... There will be cases where an AI will fail to detect exceptions to its rules. Therefore, as Kasparov writes, “We must work together to combine our strengths. I know better than most people what it’s like to compete against a machine. Instead of raging against them, it’s better if we’re all on the same side.”
Questions 1-5: Judge if the following statements agree with the information given in the passage.
Choose A for TRUE if the statements agree with it; choose B for FALSE if the statements don’t agree with it; choose C for NOT GIVEN if the information the statements carry is not mentioned anywhere in the passage.根据文章内容判断下列表述。如果表述与文章内容一致,选 A 项;表述与文章内容不一致,选 B 项;文章中未提及的信息,则选 C 项。
Questions 6-9: Choose the correct headings for Paragraphs 1-4 from the box. Note that there are two choices more than you need.请为文章的四段匹配小标题,从A—F中选择。(提示:6个选项中有2项是多余的)
A. The proper attitude to AI
B. The history of AlphaZero
C. The limitations of machines
D. The influences of AlphaZero
E. The working theory of AlphaZero
F. The fast development of machines
1.Machine dominance plays an important role in cognition study.
2.AlphaZero knows opening and endgame moves before playing.
3.AlphaZero develops chess strategies by playing against itself.
4.Chess coaches have already been laid off throughout the world.
5.Sometimes artificial intelligence may not discover exceptions to its rules.
6.Paragraph 1
7.Paragraph 2
8.Paragraph 3
9.Paragraph 4
10.The author uses the underlined sentence in the last paragraph to ______.
A. argue for the advantages of AI over humans
B. inform readers of machine dominance in chess
C. advise people to work together to fight against AI
D. call on people to combine strengths with the machines
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
Because six out of every 10 accidental deaths happen to Chinese children who are playing, Shanghai Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical (SJJP), a USbased pharmaceutical giant, is working on a Safe Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths.
Since the Safe Kids Worldwide was set up in 1987 by Johnson & Johnson in the US, it has contributed to a nearly 40 percent decline in the child death rate from accidental injuries there.Learning from the successful experience, SJJP began the Safe Kids Program in China in 1999.
A recent survey conducted by SJJP and Safe Kids Worldwide China indicates that more than half of the responding parents didn't know how to help their children keep safe and that half of the parents didn't know about their children's motor skill development at different ages.The survey covered 3,359 Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou's parents with children between infancy (幼年) and 14.
Additionally, more than 40 percent of the parents didn't know how to help their children to prepare well for sports activities.For instance, they don't know how to have their children warm up or realize the importance of a playgroundcheck before sports activities.
To help correct the problems, SJJP and Safe Kids Worldwide China have been translating and editing safety education materials, sending them to parents free of charge, and delivering free lectures in kindergartens, schools and residential communities for the last 10 years.
Currently, a special team has been set up and traveling around 12 key cities of China to popularize child sports safety knowledge and offer free training for young parents.
Though SJJP refuses to say how much it has spent on the program, it says the number in terms of money, staff and technology, is large.
SJJP was founded by Johnson & Johnson in 1995 and specializes in manufacturing and development of nonprescription medicines (非处方药) and health care foods and products.So far,its investment has exceeded $41 million.
Title: Safe Kids Program
1. | The program is intended to 2. accidental injuries and deaths. |
Background | ◇It is sponsored by SJJP, which specializes in making and 3. nonprescription medicine and health care foods and products. ◇It follows the example of the successful experience of Safe Kids. Worldwide in the US, which accounts for a 40% 4. in such injury cases. |
5. | ◇More than 50% of the parents don't know how to help keep children safe. ◇Half of the parents are not 6.of their children's motor skills. ◇40% or more of the parents fail to help their children prepare well before sports activities, such as warming up and 7. the playground. |
Solutions | ◇They have been sending safety education materials to 8.and delivering lectures in schools and communities, all for 9.. ◇A special team has been 10.and is now traveling around to popularize child sports safety knowledge and offering free training for young parents. |
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
If you can find a tree which has been cut down,you will see many rings,or circles,on the base of the trunk.By learning to read these rings,you can find out about the tree's life.
The number of rings tells you how old the tree is.Each year,new wood is formed on the outside of the tree.This new wood is light in color when the tree is growing in spring and summer,and dark in winter when the tree is not growing much.So,if you count the rings of darkorlight colored wood,you can often find out how old the tree is.
You can also tell which years have been good years and which years have been bad years.When the lightcolored rings are very wide,it means that the tree has been growing quickly that year.If the rings are narrow,it has been growing slowly.If the rings on a tree trunk were greatly magnified,you would be able to see why the rings are lightcolored when the tree is growing quickly and darkcolored when the tree is growing slowly.The tree trunk is made up of microscopic tubes,like some pipes,carrying water from the soil,through the trunk,and up to the leaves.They are wide and thinwalled when the tree is growing quickly and they are carrying a lot of water.They are narrow and stuck together when the tree is not growing so quickly.
When a tree is old,the tubes in the centre of the tree don't carry water.The walls of the tubes have become thick with materials which have stuck along them over the years,forming a kind of wood called“heartwood”.This kind of wood is darker in color than the young,growing wood on the outside of the tree.
You don't very often see whole tree trunks which have been cut across.But once you learn to read a cross section of the wood,you can see much more in wood which has been used to make boxes,houses and other things.
In most wood,instead of seeing the trunk cut across,you are seeing it cut along its length.Because you don't see the whole tree,you can't tell how old it is.
Title:1.of a Tree
General information | Old trees | ||
Items | Facts | Items | Facts |
Where can rings be seen | On the 2.of a trunk | The tubes in the centre of the tree | Don't carry water |
The3.of rings | Helps us know about its age | The walls of the tubes | Become 4.; Form 5. |
6.lightcolored rings | Show the tree grows quickly | ||
Narrow7. rings | Mean the tree grows slowly | ||
Microscopic tubes | Function | Carry8. | |
Features | Wide and 9.when growing quickly | ||
Narrow and stuck together when growing 10. | |||
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
A recent study points out a so-called “gender-equality paradox(性别平等悖论)”: there are more women in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) in countries with lower gender equality. Why do women make up 40 percent of engineering majors in Jordan, but only 34 percent in Sweden and 19 percent in the U.S.? The researchers suggest that women are just less interested in STEM, and when liberal Western countries let them choose freely, they freely choose different fields.
We disagree.
From cradle to classroom, a wealth of research shows that the environment has a major influence on girls’ interest and ability in math and science. Early in school, teachers, unconscious prejudice push girls away from STEM. By their preteen years, girls outperform boys in science class and report equal interest in the subject, but parents think that science is harder and less interesting for their daughters than their sons, and these misunderstandings predict their children’s career choices.
Later in life, women get less credit than men for the same math performance. When female STEM majors write to potential PhD advisors, they are less likely to get a response. When STEM professors review applications for research positions, they are less likely to hire “Jennifer” than “John,” even when both applications are otherwise identical—and if they do hire “Jennifer,” they pay her $4,000 less.
These findings make it clear that women in Western countries are not freely expressing their lack of “interest” in STEM. In fact, cultural attitudes and discrimination are shaping women’s interests in a way that is anything but free, even in otherwise free countries.
“Gender-equality paradox” research misses those social factors because it relies on a broad measure of equality called the Gender Gap Index (GGI), which tracks indicators such as wage difference, government representation and health outcomes. These are important markers of progress, but if we want to explain something as complicated as gender representation in STEM, we have to look into people’s heads.
Fortunately, we have ways to do that. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a well-validated tool for measuring how tightly two concepts are tied together in people’s minds. The psychologist Brian Nosek and his colleagues analyzed over 500,000 responses to a version of the IAT that measures mental associations between men/women and science, and compared results from 34 countries. Across the world, people associated science more strongly with men than with women.
But surprisingly, these gendered associations were stronger in supposedly egalitarian (主张平等的) Sweden than they were in the U.S., and the most pro-female scores came from Jordan. We re-analyzed the study’s data and found that the GGI’s assessment of overall gender equality of a country has nothing to do with that country’s scores on the science IAT.
That means the GGI fails to account for cultural attitudes toward women in science and the complicated mix of history and culture that forms those attitudes.
Comparison | A recent study | The author’s idea |
Opinions | “Gender-equality paradox” 1. from the personal reason that women are less interested in STEM. | The environment including cultural attitudes and discrimination is 2. women’s interests. |
Facts | 3. with Jordan and Sweden, America had the least percentage of women majoring in engineering. | • Early in school: Girls perform 4. than boys in science. • Later in life: Female STEM majors are more likely to be 5. by potential PhD advisors. |
Tools | It is 6. on GGI. | IAT 7. how tightly two concepts are tied together in people’s minds. |
Findings | Women in liberal Western countries tend to 8. STEM. | • The GGFs assessment of overall gender equality is not 9. to that country’s scores on the science IAT. • The GGI can’t 10. people’s cultural attitudes towards women in science, which are formed by a mix of history and culture. |
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析
单词拼写
1.He is a bit fat, so he is very s__________ about his weight.
2.I made the a__________ of him at my friend’s wedding party.
3.His poems are a__________ in his feelings towards life.
4.It is __________ (残忍的) of him to beat his boy like that.
5.John isn’t an __________(擅长运动的)boy; he is better at reading than doing sports.
6.The driver is under a__________ for drunken driving and will have to stay in prison for 10 days.
7.The government should take some effective m__________ to deal with the transportation problem in the city as soon as possible.
8.She has had a number of different jobs, r__________ from salesgirl to chef (厨师长).
9.Of all the __________ (顾问), only John could give us some meaningful opinions.
10.Many small ___________ (冲突) between tribes finally turned into a big war between Libya and the NATO.
高二英语任务型阅读困难题查看答案及解析