Overflowing rivers can cause enormous damage. 1. And it continues to rise. So far it has not been evident how climate change influences the magnitude (规模) of river floods.
Austrian flood expert Prof. Günter Blöschl from TU Wien (Vienna) has led a large international study involving a total of 35 research groups. The study provides clear evidence that it is climate change that causes the change of magnitude of flood events observed in recent decades. 2. In northwestern Europe, floods are becoming increasingly severe; in southern and eastern Europe, flood magnitudes mostly tend to decrease, although in small catchments (集水区) they may actually increase.
“We already knew that climate change is shifting the timing of floods within a year,” says Günter Blöschl. “But the key question is: Does climate change also control the magnitude of flood events? The previous available data had not been adequate to figure out whether this is the case or not. We have now examined this question in great detail and can say with confidence: 3. ”
For the study, data from 3,738 flood measurement stations in Europe from 1960 to 2010 were analyzed. For a longtime it has been assumed that climate change is having an impact on the magnitude of flood waters because a warmer atmosphere can store more water. 4. In central and north-western Europe, between Iceland and Austria, flood magnitudes are increasing because rainfall is increasing and the soils are becoming wetter. In southern Europe, on the other hand, flood levels are decreasing, as climate change results in declining rainfall and the higher temperatures cause increased evaporation of water in the soil. In the more continental climate of Eastern Europe, the magnitudes of floods tend to decrease due to shallower snow packs in winter associated with higher temperatures.
5. “But the regional patterns all match well with predicted climate change impacts,” says Blöschl, “This shows us that we are already in the midst of climate change.”
A.Processes differ across Europe.
B.Yes, climate change is a vital factor.
C.The magnitude of the changes is remarkable.
D.Flood management must adapt to these new realities.
E.However, climate change does not have the same effect on floods everywhere.
F.The latest findings show that this is not the only effect, things are more complicated.
G.Worldwide, the annual damage caused by river floods is estimated at over 100 billion dollars.
高二英语七选五中等难度题
A single night of taking the drug Ecstasy (摇头丸) can cause serious brain damage and speed up the start of Parkinson’s disease, scientists say. Just two or three Ecstasy tablets can permanently destroy brain cells that affect movement and reasoning, according to American research that links the drug to Parkinson’s for the first time.
A study by a team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, involving squirrel monkeys and baboons (狒狒) found that both species suffered permanent damage to key cells, which are lost in Parkinson’s, after receiving three low doses（剂量）of Ecstasy at three-hour periods.
The study is particularly important because baboons are one of the best animal models for the human brain. George Ricaurte, who led the research, said that the widespread abuse of drug might have caused severe damage. “The most troubling result is that young adults using Ecstasy may be increasing their risk of developing Parkinsonism as they get older.”
Alan Leshner, a former director of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse, said, “This study emphasizes the multi-aspect damage that Ecstasy causes to users. We’ve long known that repeated use damages brain cells. But this study shows that even very occasional use can have long-lasting effects on many different brain systems. It sends an important message to young people: don’t experiment with your own brain.”
Janet Betts, a mother whose teenage daughter Leah died after a single Ecstasy tablet in 1995, said, “This comes as no surprise. But people can’t see the effects at first, and they say it won’t happen to them. We’ll see the symptoms later, just as we have with smoking.”
1. The article is intended to ______.
A. explain the bad effects of drugs on people’s health
B. warn young people of the risk of taking the drug Ecstasy
C. persuade people out of such bad habits as smoking and using drugs
D. tell us the links between the drug Ecstasy and Parkinson’s disease
2. We know from the passage that a low dose of Ecstasy ______.
A. won’t cause serious brain damage
B. can permanently destroy one’s brain cells
C. will result in immediate symptoms
D. may bring on Parkinson’s at once
3.Why are squirrel monkeys and baboons involved in the experiments?
A. Because their brain is similar to human being’s.
B. Because these animals usually take drugs.
C. Because these animals will soon get well after the experiment.
D. Because there is a model in the animals’ brains.
4. The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A. Leah died after a single Ecstasy tablet in 1995
B. taking drug has the same symptoms as smoking
C. occasional use of the drug can have long-lasting effects on the brain systems
D. people have long known that repeated use of the drug damages brain cells
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Normally， a forest fire and the damage _______ causes can be very extensive， especially when you consider the financial and physical losses．
A. which B. that
C. what D. it
高二英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; ___________, it caused 20 deaths.
A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Not only can ______shut-eye leave us feeling tired and lazy but it can also be damaging our health and looks.
A. lacked B. lacking
C. lacking of D. lack in
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
LONDON ( Reuters)-- Ecotourism (生态旅游) is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be endangering the survival(生存) of the very animals people are flocking to see, according to researchers.
Biologists and conservationists (自然环境保护论者) are worried because polar bears, dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying.
“Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard,” New Scientist magazine said.
The immediate effects researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates, or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term “could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see”.
Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10--30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss-based World Conservation Union (IUCN) and some governments fear not all projects are audited (审计) and based on environmentally friendly policies, according to the magazine.
“The transmission(传播) of disease to wildlife, or small changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding,” said Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.
Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist boats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.
Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on animals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started.
“The animals’ welfare should be very important because without them there will be no ecotourism,” said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland in New Zealand.
1.What's the text mainly about?
A. Many animals are dying because of lack of money.
B. There will be no ecotourism without animals.
C. Ecotourism could endanger the survival of the wildlife people want to see.
D. More research should be done on ecotourism.
2.According to New Scientist magazine, more and more evidence has come to suggest that _____.
A. polar bears are getting stressed
B. other creatures are losing weight
C. many animals do not respond well to travellers in their backyard
D. All of the above
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A. Ecotourism may endanger the survival of some animals.
B. Polar bears in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.
C. Ecotourism has been growing at about 10--30 percent a year.
D. Studies should be done before new ecotourism projects are started.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It is these poisonous products ______can cause the symptom of the flu, such as the headache and aching muscles.
A．who B．that C．how D．what
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
I grew up in a home with a mother who believes that vaccines (疫苗) cause brain damage, and do not contribute to the health and safety of a society. The only shot I received was for tetanus (破伤风) when I was two months old. After that, nothing.
At the beginning of each school year, I was very nervous. Delayed term paper? Mischievous (捣蛋的) behavior? Late for school? None of them. I’d be pulled out of class and brought to the headmaster’s office. The school doctor would tell me I hadn’t received any of the necessary shots to attend school. But the same thing occurred each time: my mom would free me from the shots and nothing would happen.
After doing a lot of research, I found although people who don’t vaccinate their children make up only a relatively small group, they can cause major consequences. People who, for health or age reasons, cannot receive vaccines are at a higher risk of catching a preventable disease.
Eventually, I turned 18. In Ohio, where I live, I had to wait until I became a legal adult to make the decision to receive vaccine shots. A huge factor in taking the step to ensure my health was the message board website Reddit. Last November, I asked Reddit users for advice about what vaccines to ask for and how to go about getting them from a doctor. After my post received more than 1,000 comments, I made an appointment with my family physician. Despite how strongly my mother felt, I went through with it anyway.
I did something every person should do. It wasn’t special in any way. Vaccines protect the health and safety of not only yourself but also other people. Vaccination is important because someone could die if you don’t get vaccinated. This was the biggest reason I got vaccines despite the opposition.
1.Why was the author called to the headmaster’s office at the beginning of each school year?
A.He was late for school.
B.He didn’t behave himself at school.
C.He couldn’t hand in his term paper on time.
D.He was hardly ever vaccinated.
2.How might the author’s mother have felt about his appointment with the family physician?
A.Annoyed. B.Grateful.
C.Thrilled. D.Guilty.
3.What does the author mainly want to tell us through his story?
A.Listening to your mother pays off.
B.Doing the right thing matters.
C.Keeping fit is the best policy.
D.Asking for advice helps.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In the north of China, it has been snowing for weeks on___end, which causes severe damage to crops; it is estimated that the heavy snowfall will come to ____ end next week.
A. /; an B. the; a C. a; an D. an; /
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.
In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking (显著的) feature, though, is only found in the young.
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive(原始的) birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.
B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.
C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.
D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.
2.Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that_________ ．
A．they look like young cuckoos
B．they have claws on the wings
C．they eat a lot like a cow
D．they live on river banks
3.What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?
A．They had claws to help them climb.
B．They could fly long distances.
C．They had four wings like hoatzins.
D．They had a head with long feathers on the top.
4.Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?
A．To find more food. B．To protect themselves better.
C．To keep themselves warm. D．To produce their young.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Only when the firefighters put off the fire________what great damage it caused.
A．we had realized B．had we realized C．we realize D．did we realize
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析