Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact. The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength. This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.
The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.
Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the University’s Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”
“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process. The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”
Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”
“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists’ skills to close this knowledge gap.”
Professor Miles Carroll, a co-author of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.”
1.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How severe Ebola virus is.
B. How Ebola virus spreads.
C. How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.
D. What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.
2.Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?
A. In the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.
B. As the virus spreads, it’ll change and become more and more deadly.
C. The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.
D. The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.
3.The underlined word “fatal” has the closest meaning to ______.
A. optimistic B. deadly
C. common D. fantastic
4.Where can we probably read this passage?
A. In a science report. B. In a storybook.
C. In an advertisement. D. In a textbook.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题
Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact. The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength. This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.
The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.
Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the University’s Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”
“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process. The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”
Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”
“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists’ skills to close this knowledge gap.”
Professor Miles Carroll, a co-author of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.”
1.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How severe Ebola virus is.
B. How Ebola virus spreads.
C. How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.
D. What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.
2.Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?
A. In the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.
B. As the virus spreads, it’ll change and become more and more deadly.
C. The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.
D. The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.
3.The underlined word “fatal” has the closest meaning to ______.
A. optimistic B. deadly
C. common D. fantastic
4.Where can we probably read this passage?
A. In a science report. B. In a storybook.
C. In an advertisement. D. In a textbook.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists say they have discovered a possible cure for all five known Ebola viruses. Antibodies (抗体) that are used in the cure were discovered in the blood of a survivor.
Kartik Chandran of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine helped discover the antibodies. They are described online in the journal Cell. Chandran says studies of the antibody in non-human primates (非灵长类动物) have shown positive results. He says he is optimistic that the antibodies can be used to protect and treat people, too.
he virus was given the name Ebola because the first recorded outbreak of the disease took place along the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) — then known as Zaire
— in 1976.
Since then, there have been about 24 Ebola outbreaks in Africa, including one happening now in the DRC. Nine people have been infected and three people have died. The most recent Ebola epidemic took place from 2013 to 2016. It killed more than 11,000 people and infected
29,000 in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone.
During that epidemic, researchers were studying an anti-Ebola drug called Zmapp. Doctors began using it even before the study was complete. Zmapp uses antibodies discovered in mice. They use the body’s natural immune system to fight infection. If the drug is given within five days after Ebola infection symptoms appear, it can cure the disease.
Promising results
But researcher Kartik Chandran says Zmapp is effective only against Ebola Zaire. It does not fight the other four known Ebola viruses.
Chandran says the recently discovered human antibodies attack and destroy all five of the viruses. Researchers say the antibodies work by interfering with a process that the disease uses to infect and multiply inside cells. Chandran says scientists discovered the antibodies in just six months.
The drug company Mapp Pharmaceutical Incorporated is now testing the antibodies in monkeys that have been exposed to Ebola. Spokespeople for the company say the antibodies have
so far been safe and effective.
Chandran says he hopes the antibodies can also be tested in people soon. And, he says, he hopes they can finally be used both as a treatment and as a vaccine (疫苗) to prevent people from getting Ebola in the first place.
1.Where should the subtitle “A challenging history” be placed?
A. Between paragraphs 1 and 2. B. Between paragraphs 2 and 3.
C. Between paragraphs 3 and 4. D. Between paragraphs 4 and 5.
2.What do we know about Zmapp?
A. The study about it was a failure. B. It mainly uses human antibodies.
C. Its medical function is limited. D. It is only effective for five days.
3.Which of the following is true?
A. Ebola virus can multiply inside cells.
B. DRC suffers most from Ebola virus.
C. Ebola virus poses no threat to monkeys.
D. Human antibody relies on body’s immune system.
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A. It’s time for Ebola Virus to disappear
B. Scientists discover cure for Ebola Virus
C. Zmapp loses advantage in fighting Ebola
D. A drug company contributes to fighting Ebola
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The Ebola virus, which has killed more than 670 people in West Africa, is a “threat” to the UK, Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond has told the BBC.
A woman is being treated for ‘ Ebola-like’ symptoms at the Queen Elizabeth’s Hospital in Hong Kong after recently returning from a strip to Africa.
The woman has been given the all-clear after testing negative for Ebola, according to South China Morning Post.
The 39-year-old woman was kept in isolation while undergoing tests, but a hospital source said she did not have the virus and was in a stable condition.
Ebola virus first emerged in 1976 in outbreaks of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Zaire and Sudan. Ebola that broke out in Zaire has one of the highest case fatality rates (病死率) of any human virus, roughly 90%.
Symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea, fever, weakness, headache and sore throat. Those struck down can also suffer internal and external bleeding. The virus is spread through human contact. There is no cure.
1.Which city in the text has the highest death rate by Ebola?
A.Hong Kong. B.London.
C.Sudan. D.Zaire.
2.What could we infer from the text?
A.The woman was tested positive for Ebola. B.People suffering Ebola virus will not bleed.
C.Ebola virus can be got from person to person. D.Scientists have found the solution to the virus.
3.The text is taken from ________.
A.a news report B.a story
C.a notice D.an advertisement
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ebola is a dangerous virus that can cause people to get very sick and even die. The virus is causing the biggest problems in western Africa, where it has spread quickly. 1. But it can get worse and cause life-threatening symptoms(症状), such as bleeding and trouble breathing.
2.
Ebola does not spread like colds or the flu because it does not float through the air. Ebola also doesn’t spread through food or water, like some other viruses. Instead, Ebola spreads when someone touches the body fluids(液体) of a sick person.
3.
An outbreak is when many people are getting sick with the same illness around the same time. You may have heard of a flu outbreak, which is when lots of people get sick from the same types of flu virus. When an outbreak happens because of a virus, more people could get sick because there is a lot of that virus around.
Where did Ebola come from?
Scientists aren’t sure how the first person gets Ebola at the start. 4. Tropical animals in Africa believed to carry the virus include great apes, chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys, fruit bats, porcupines, and forest antelopes.
What do kids need to do about Ebola?
Ebola is making many people sick in Africa, but no matter where you live, it’s always a good idea to wash your hands well and often. 5.
A. How do people catch Ebola?
B. But they think that people may pick up the virus by touching or eating infected animals.
C. Why do I need to wash my hands?
D. It’s very important that infected people get treatment right away.
E. Ebola symptoms can start with fever and headache, kind of like the flu.
F. What is an outbreak?
G. Keeping hands clean can help protect you from common illnesses like colds and the flu.
高一英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
The dog was so _____ to its master that it would not leave him, even when he was dead.
A. devoted | B. mean |
C. active | D. generous |
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A.It makes noises. B.It gets help from other plants.
C.It stands quietly D.It sends out certain chemicals.
2.What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?
A.The attackers get attacked.
B.The insects gather under the table.
C.The plants get ready to fight back.
D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.
3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________.
A.predict natural disasters
B.protect themselves against insects
C.talk to one another intentionally
D.help their neighbors when necessary
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The world is changing faster than ever.
B.People have stronger senses than before
C.The world is more complex than it seems
D.People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Here’s a new warning from health experts: sitting is deadly. Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periods, even if you exercise regularly, could be bad for your health. And it doesn't matter where the sitting takes place--in the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV. Just the overall number of hours it takes matters. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die. While health officials have issued(发布) guidelines advising on the least amounts of physical activities, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position.
“After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals,” said Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences. She explained that genes controlling the amount of glucose(葡萄糖) and fat in the body start to shut down.
Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day but still spend a lot of time sitting might get more benefits if that exercise were spread across the day, rather than in a single hour.
Still in a study that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk, whether they exercised or not. Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits,” Ekblom-Bak said. “And when they’re in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible.”
1.The underlined word “offset" in Paragraph 6 most probably means_______.
A. get rid of B. make use of
C. work out D. turn to
2.Sitting too much is dangerous because it can________ .
A. increase glucose and fat in the body
B. make a person become lazy
C. destroy the balance of glucose and fat in the body
D. make a person unable to exercise enough in a day
3.In the opinion of Ekblom-Bak, when at work, you’d better have a rest by_______ .
A. taking a walk around your office
B. chatting online or playing computer games
C. sending your friends emails
D. listening to music while sitting
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. More and More People Sit Too Much
B. Side Effects of Sitting Too Much
C. Don’t Sit Too Much While Working
D. Sitting Too Much Could Be Dangerous
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Another two people were reported to have died of the Ebola virus yesterday, which caused greater _______ about their safety among the public.
A. concern B. expression
C. power D. trouble
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Why is a full moon, yellower and bigger when it is coming up than when it is higher in the sky?
That's a good question about something that we all can see. Let's talk about the moon's color first.
We see the moon only because of the sunlight that falls on it and is reflected. Actually, the moon is not a very good reflector, because its surface is all rocks and dirt. We see it in almost its true color when it is high in the sky.
When the moon first comes up, its light reaches our eyes after an extra-long path through the atmosphere (大气). There are lots of particles (微粒) scattering (分散) light in that long path. Blue light is scattered more than other colors, which means that it doesn't reach your eyes. The light that is left over looks yellow to your eye.
Now about the other question—why the moon seems to change in size. That's more complicated. It's not an effect of the atmosphere, the way color is; it's not caused by something fooling your eyes. It seems, instead, to be caused by something that fools your brain—an illusion(错觉).
Here's a drawing that creates an illusion. The two cones(圆锥体) are really the same size. But the rest of the drawing makes the right-hand cone seem farther away. Your brain knows that faraway objects are really larger than they look. It decides that the right-hand cone must be larger because it seems to be farther away.
Similarly, when you see the moon just come up over a line of trees or houses—or whatever makes the horizon(地平线)—it may be that your brain decides that the moon must be larger because it seems to be farther away.
1.The moon doesn't reflect the sunlight very well because________________.
A.it is high in the sky B.its surface is rough
C.its surface is white D.it isn't a good reflector
2.Which statement is true according to the passage?
A.In the course of its rising, the moon is getting smaller and smaller
B.The size of the moon is more complicated than its color
C.The atmosphere has the same effect on the moon's size as on its color
D.The change in the moon's size is caused by an illusion while that in its color is caused by the atmosphere
3.After reading this passage, you can possibly answer one of the following questions. Which one? ______.
A.Why is the sun bigger when it rises over the horizon?
B.Why does the sun look bigger when it rises over the horizon?
C.Why does the sun look golden?
D.Why does the sun rise in the east?
4.Who do you think probably wrote this passage?________.
A.A novelist B.A reporter
C.A science editor D.An English teacher.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Why is volunteering important?
When it comes to service work, it is important to realize that the actual goal should be getting the most out of your volunteering work. 1.
Gaining new/social experiences.
Volunteering allows students to get involved with new things and develop social and academic skills that couldn’t be learned in a classroom environment.2.
Giving back and helping others.
Volunteers create better environments for others—they create healthier communities and they brighten lives. Jill, a senior student, had been a volunteer in her community(社区) for more than three years.3. “They always tell me how great we sound and how they wish they had taken time to learn an instrument in their youth.”
Creating connections with people.
4. Not only does the volunteer work you do show who you are as a person, but it reflects many positive qualities that possible employers and admission officers want to see. Volunteering allows you to meet a wide variety of people from all sorts of walks of life.
5.
Volunteering isn’t one of the most attractive jobs, but it is one of the most beneficial and uplifting(令人振奋的). It’s taking some time out of your day to help others. Volunteer work makes us feel good. It builds self-confidence and lifts up the spirits.
A. Building career choices.
B. Raising the spirits.
C. Volunteering means a lot more.
D. Building relationships with people is very important.
E. Volunteering is an excellent way to improve your independence.
F. She volunteers by performing in concerts for senior citizens.
G. Volunteering allows you to experience different environments and situations.
高一英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析