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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.
According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would
have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.
In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity — or extreme overweight — among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing.
1. In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?
A. They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.
B. They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.
C. They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles.
D. They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.
2.This text is mainly about the relationship between _________.
A. Americans and the French B. life style and obesity
C. children and adults D. fast food and overweight
3.This text is mainly developed _____________
A. by contrast B. by space
C. by process D. by classification(分类)
4. Where does this text probably come from?
A. A TV interview B. A food advertisement
C. A health report D. A book review
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完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Why do young adult children become independent so much later than they did in 1970，when the average age of independent living was 21? Why have reduced class sizes and increased per-pupil expenditures (花销）not ___ higher academic achievement levels? Why is the mental health of today’s kids so poor when ____ with that of children in the 1960s and before? Why do today’s ____ become defensive when told by teachers that their children have misbehaved in school?
The answer is in two words: parental ____. Those two words best summarize the ____ between “old” child raising and new, post-1960s parenting. Then, the general philosophy was that parents were not to be ____ involved with their kids. They were available ____ emergency, but they stood a (an) ____distance from their kids and allowed them to experience the benefits of the trial-and-error process. It was the child’s ____ , back then, to keep his or her parents from getting involved. That was ____ children learned to be responsible and determined.
Today’s parents help their kids with almost everything. These are parents who are ____ when it comes to an understanding of their purpose in their kids’lives. Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids; ____, the defensiveness. But given that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parent involvement for nearly four decades, the confusion and defensiveness are ____.
University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parent participation in children’s academics. Their conclusions ____ what I’ve been saying since the 1980s: parental help with homework ____ a child’s academic achievement and is not reflected on standardized tests.
Parents who manage a child’s social life interfere with(干预，阻挠) the ____ of good social skills. Parents who manage a child’s after-school activities grow kids who don’t know how to ____ their own free time. Parents who get involved in their kids’ ____ with peers（伙伴） grow kids who don’t know how to avoid much less trouble.
These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and don’t want to leave their ____. And their parents, when the time comes, don’t know how to ____ being parents. You can imagine what will become of their future.
1.A. touched on B. counted on C. resulted in D. taken in
2.A. associated B. compared C. linked D. matched
3.A. psychologists B. adolescents C. youths D. parents
4.A. involvement B. protection C. assistance D. preference
5.A. similarities B. differences C. choices D. relations
6.A. slightly B. passively C. fairly D. highly
7.A. in view of B. in spite of C. in case of D. in fear of
8.A. safe B. equal C. long D. short
9.A. fault B. turn C. job D. attitude
10.A. when B. why C. how D. what
11.A. amazed B. disappointed C. confused D. satisfied
12.A. thus B. still C. yet D. however
13.A. unreasonable B. understandable C. changeable D. avoidable
14.A. convinced B. confirmed C. realized D. reflected
15.A. lowers B. decides C. helps D. encourages
16.A. appearance B. performance C. development D. establishment
17.A. value B. fill C. devote D. save
18.A. communication B. cooperation C. conflicts D. competitions
19.A. school B. home C. career D. profession
20.A. stop B. ignore C. consider D. Start
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完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Why do young adult children become independent so much later than they did in 1970，when the average age of independent living was 21? Why have reduced class sizes and increased per-pupil expenditures (花销）not _________ higher academic achievement levels? Why is the mental health of today’s kids so poor when _________ with that of children in the 1960s and before? Why do today’s _________ become defensive when told by teachers that their children have misbehaved in school?
The answer is in two words: parental ___________. Those two words best summarize the ____________ between “old” child raising and new, post-1960s parenting. Then, the general philosophy was that parents were not to be ___________ involved with their kids. They were available ________ emergency, but they stood a (an) __________distance from their kids and allowed them to experience the benefits of the trial-and-error process. It was the child’s __________ , back then, to keep his or her parents from getting involved. That was ___________ children learned to be responsible and determined.
Today’s parents help their kids with almost everything. These are parents who are __________ when it comes to an understanding of their purpose in their kids’lives. Their involvement leads them to personalize everything that happens to their kids; ___________, the defensiveness. But given that schools and mental health professionals have been pushing parent involvement for nearly four decades, the confusion and defensiveness are ____________.
University researchers analyzed three decades of data relating to parent participation in children’s academics. Their conclusions ___________ what I’ve been saying since the 1980s: parental help with homework __________ a child’s academic achievement and is not reflected on standardized tests.
Parents who manage a child’s social life interfere with(干预，阻挠) the _________ of good social skills. Parents who manage a child’s after-school activities grow kids who don’t know how to __________ their own free time. Parents who get involved in their kids’ __________ with peers（伙伴） grow kids who don’t know how to avoid much less trouble.
These kids have anxieties and fears of all sorts and don’t want to leave their _________. And their parents, when the time comes, don’t know how to________ being parents. You can imagine what will become of their future.
1.A. touched on B. counted on C. resulted in D. taken in
2.A. associated B. compared C. linked D. matched
3.A. psychologists B. adolescents C. youths D. parents
4.A. involvement B. protection C. assistance D. preference
5.A. similarities B. differences C. choices D. relations
6.A. slightly B. passively C. fairly D. highly
7.A. in view of B. in spite of C. in case of D. in fear of
8.A. safe B. equal C. long D. short
9.A. fault B. turn C. job D. attitude
10.A. when B. why C. how D. what
11.A. amazed B. disappointed C. confused D. satisfied
12.A. thus B. still C. yet D. however
13.A. unreasonable B. understandable C. changeable D. avoidable
14.A. convinced B. confirmed C. realized D. reflected
15.A. lowers B. decides C. helps D. encourages
16.A. appearance B. performance C. development D. establishment
17.A. value B. fill C. devote D. save
18.A. communication B. cooperation C. conflicts D. competitions
19.A. school B. home C. career D. profession
20.A. stop B. ignore C. consider D. Start
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第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Americans spend their free time in various ways．
America is a country of sports — of hunting, fishing and swimming, and of team sports like baseball and football．Millions of Americans watch their favorite sports on television．They also like to play in community orchestras （管弦乐队）, make their own films or recordings, go camping, visit museums，attend lectures, travel, garden, read, and join in hundreds of other activities．The people also enjoy building things for their homes, sewing their own clothes, even making their own photographs．They do these things for fun as well as for economy．
But as much as Americans enjoy their free time, the country is at the same time a “self-improvement” country．More than 25 million adults continue their education, chiefly by going to school in the evening, during their own free time, at their own expense．Added to the time spent on personal activities, Americans a1so devote a great amount of their time to the varied needs of their communities．Many hospitals, schools, libraries, museums, parks, community centers, and organizations that assist the poor depend on the many hours citizens devote to these activities, often without any pay．Why do they do it?
There are several answers．The idea of cooperating and sharing responsibility with one another for the benefit of all is as old as the country itself．
When the country was first founded in 1776, it was necessary for the settlers to work together to live．They had crossed dangerous seas and risked all they had in their struggle for political and religious freedom．There remains among many Americans a distrust of central government．People still prefer to do things themselves within their communities, rather than give the government more control．
Sometimes people offer their time because they wish to accomplish something for which no money is paid, to do something that will be of benefit to the entire community．It is true that some people use their leisure because they are truly interested in the work; or they are learning from the experience．
No matter what the reason is, hundreds of thousands of so-called leisure hours are put into hard, unpaid work on one or another community need．
1．This passage is mainly about ________．
A．why America is a country of sports
B．how Americans spend their free time
C．why America is a “self-improvement” country
D．how Americans are devoted to their community activities
2．The writer mentions the foundation of the country in order to indicate ________．
A．the early history of America
B．the American people’s determination to live
C．the reason for Americans’ willingness to cooperate and share responsibility
D．the American people’ s love for freedom
3．Which of the following best explains the meaning of the underlined word “leisure”?
A．work time B．energy C．effort D．spare time
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．The first settlers left their hometown for political and religious reasons．
B．Many Americans don’t trust the central government．
C．American people enjoy building things for their homes just for fun．
D．Americans continue their education at their own expense．
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why do we play sports? You might say “to get exercise” and you'd be right. To have fun? That's true, too. But there's more. 1. According to the Women's Sports Foundation, girls who play sports get a lot more than just fit.
Girls who play sports do better in school. You might think that playing sports will take up all your study time. 2. Exercise improves learning, memory, and concentration, which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom.
Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goal-setting skills. 3. When you work with coaches, trainers, and teammates to win games and achieve goals, you're learning how to be successful. Those skills will serve you well at work and in family life.
Sports are good for a girl's health. In addition to being fit and keeping a healthy weight, girls who play sports are also less likely to smoke. And later in life, girls who exercise are less likely to get osteoporosis(骨质疏松症).
Playing sports improves self-confidence. 4. Why? It builds confidence when you know you can practice, improve, and achieve your goals. Sports are also a feel-good activity because they help girls get in shape, keep a healthy weight, and make new friends.
5. Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier. How? The brain chemicals released during exercise improve a person's mood. Friends are another mood-lifter．And being on a team creates tight bonds between friends. It's good to know your teammates will support you－both on and off the field!
A. Exercise cuts the pressure.
B. Sports teach valuable life skills.
C. Regular exercise increases quality of life.
D. In fact, there are at least 5 more reasons.
E. Girls who play sports feel better about themselves.
F. Plying sports offers children more than just physical benefits.
G. But research shows that girls who play sports do better in school than those who don't.
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阅读表达
Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.
According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.
After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women .Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.
In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing.
1.What does the research by Cornell University show? (No more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________
2.What do the French think of eating according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?(No more than 15 words )
__________________________________________________________________________________
3.Why do you think Mireille Guiliano can stay thin though she rarely goes to the gym? (No more than 10 words )
__________________________________________________________________________________
4.What does the underlined word “obesity” mean in the last paragraph?(No more than 3 words)
__________________________________________________________________________________
5.Do you think enjoying food has close connection with getting fat? Give your reasons. (No more than 25 words)
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完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There is one word that is on the lips of Americans, day and night一“Sorry．”
Once as I was walking on the street，a young man ran by _________ ，brushing against my handbag．Even _________ he continued on his way, he _________ back and said “sorry”to me．Even in a rush，he didn’t forget to apologize．
One day, after I bought some apples，the salesman was giving me the change，_________ I wasn’t ready for it，and a _________ dropped on the ground．“I'm sorry,” he said while bending down to pick it up．I was _________ 一why would he apologize when it was my _________ ?
Another time，I _________ on a man’s foot in a lift．At the same time，we both said “sorry”．I thought it _________ at first —was it really _________ for him to apologize?
Later on，an American friend _________ to me that according to the American _________ ，the lift is a _________ place everyone should be able to stand in．After someone occupies(占据)a position in the lift，making it _________ for someone else to find a place to stand in，isn’t it necessary to _________ an apology?
During my stay in America，I gradually _________ that when friction(摩擦)happens in daily life，Americans don’t care much about who is _________．If someone is _________ ，a“sorry”is always necessary．The“sorry”would _________ tempers(脾气)even if the other person is hurt．Perhaps this is why I _________ saw anyone quarreling on the buses，subways or streets in America．
1.A．excitedly B．hurriedly C．happily D．hopefully
2.A．because B．after C．as D．unless
3.A．drove B．held C．watched D. turned
4.A．or B．and C．but D．so
5.A．coin B．handbag C．wallet D．bill
6.A．impressed B．moved C．annoyed D．puzzled
7.A．duty B．attitude C．fault D．business
8.A．dropped B．stepped C．walked D．knocked
9.A．interesting B．acceptable C．exciting D．reasonable
10.A．polite B．important C．surprising D．necessary
11.A．1ied B．explained C．pointed D．admitted
12.A．ideas B．rules C．education D．1ife
13.A．crowded B．common C．public D．free
14.A．unfit B．impossible C．narrow D．difficult
15.A．express B．receive C．expect D．tell
16.A．realized B．remembered C．agreed D．meant
17.A．honest B．responsible C．careless D．serious
18.A．nervous B．injured C．worried D．troubled
19.A．worsen B．cool C．lose D．change
20.A．always B．often C．never D．Sometimes
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is a yawn and why do people yawn? A yawn is often associated with a person being tired. 1.____ People yawn for many reasons including stress, boredom, emotion and overwork.
Have you noticed that yawning seems to be contagious(会传染的)? If one person yawns, this appears to cause another person to yawn. Researchers have found that 40－60% of people who see a picture of someone yawning will yawn themselves.__ 2.__
Some people think that yawning is rude and suggests that you are bored or uninterested. Maybe a yawn is a signal to a group that it's time to go to sleep, or if someone yawns when they're bored, it may be a sign to change the topic of conversation. _3.__ Animals of all types yawn. If you have a dog or cat, you've probably seen your pet yawn several times. Even some birds yawn such as cockatiel parrots, Adelie penguins and Emperor penguins.
Some of the scientific explanations of why we yawn claim it is caused by physical needs. One likely explanation is that the yawning reflex happens when our blood needs more oxygen. The deep breath helps supply the levels of oxygen in our blood. _4._ It is also thought that the same chemicals in our brain that affect our moods and emotions cause us to yawn.
Superstitions about yawning have been around for hundreds of years and can date back to the ancient Greeks. A common superstition says that a person must cover his or her mouth when yawning so that the soul does not escape through the mouth. _5.__ Today most people do not believe these superstitions and know that a yawn is a physical reflex.
A. Did you yawn while reading this article?
B. Yawning is not limited to humans.
C. It will make you lose interest in your work.
D. But this is not always the cause for a yawn.
E. Even reading the word YAWN can make people yawn.
F. Other people believe that yawning is a sign that danger is near.
G. Another common theory is that a yawn helps regulate our body temperature.
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阅读理解
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Why are newspapers and TV broadcasts filled with disaster, corruption and incompetence? It may be because we’re drawn to depressing stories without realizing, according to psychologists.
When you read the news, sometimes it can feel like the only things reported are terrible, depressing events. Why do the media concentrate on the bad things in life, rather than the good? In fact, many people often say that they would prefer good news.
The researchers present their experiment as solid evidence of a so called “negativity bias(偏见)”, psychologists’ term for our collective hunger to hear, and remember bad news.
It isn’t just delight in other people’s misfortune, the theory goes, but that we’ve evolved to react quickly to potential threats. Bad news could be a signal that we need to change what we’re doing to avoid danger.
As you’d expect from this theory, there’s some evidence that people respond quicker to negative words. In lab experiments, flash the word “cancer”, “bomb” or “war” up at someone and they can hit a button in response quicker than if that word is “baby”, “smile” or “fun”. We are also able to recognize negative words faster than positive words, and even tell that a word is going to be unpleasant before we can tell exactly what the word is going to be.
There’s another interpretation (解释)that researchers put on their evidence: we pay attention to bad news, because on the whole, we think the world is more hopeful than it actually is. When it comes to our own lives, most of us believe we’re better than average, and that, like the cliches, we expect things to be all right in the end. This pleasant view of the world makes bad news all the more surprising and arresting. It is only against a light background that the dark spots are highlighted.
So our attraction to bad news may be more complex than just journalistic prejudice or a hunger springing from the darkness within.
1.What is “negativity bias” according to psychologists?
A. It is one’s delight in others’ misfortune.
B. It is one’s habit of reacting quickly to potential threats.
C. It is a signal with which we can avoid danger.
D. People are born to hear and remember bad news.
2.What can we infer from the passage?
A. Journalists only feel like reporting depressing bad news.
B. It is true that there are no good stories to be reported.
C. People unconsciously pay more attention to bad news.
D. People like to hear pleasant words rather than bad words.
3.What will be read first by most readers according to the theory?
A. Movie star arrested for taking drugs.
B. Movie star went on a campaign for ASL disease.
C. Movie star accepts Ice Bucket Challenge
D. Movie star awarded the third Oscar in three years.
4.What causes people to focus more on bad news than on good news?
A. The world is believed to be more hopeful than it actually is.
B. It is expected things will be all right in the end.
C. The world is believed to be full of darkness.
D. It is believed that we are better than others.
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阅读下列短文，从所给的七个选项（A、B、C、D、E、F、G）中选出每空最佳选项。
Question: Why is it so hard for some people to apologize after they’ve done something wrong? I have made efforts to persuade my uncle to be nice to people that he’s hurt. 1. How I wish things would be better if he’d just say he’s sorry and ask them to forgive him.
Answer: 2. It’s just easier for him to pretend nothing happened than to face the embarrassment (尴尬) of admitting he was wrong. You’ve probably done the same thing yourself at some time. In fact, most of us have. Furthermore, what if others won’t forgive him even if he apologizes?
3. Pride blinds us to our mistakes or faults. Or at least it makes us pay less attention to their seriousness.
Pride also makes us unwilling to admit to others that we were wrong. Perhaps we’re afraid they will look down on us if we admit it. 4.
But others see through our pride. And things would be far better if we admitted our faults and asked for forgiveness. 5.
Now you know why your uncle refuses to apologize, talk to him again. Help him to learn how to apologize and ask for forgiveness from others.
A. But a deeper reason is pride.
B. But he just refuses to do that.
C. We may even hope that somehow they will overlook it.
D. As a result, you would offend others and hurt their feelings.
E. There are a variety of reasons for your uncle’s refusal to apologize.
F. Otherwise our pride would only hurt us and cause conflict with others.
G. One reason your uncle finds it hard to apologize could be embarrassment.
lons. $ 12 per kg, $ 100 for 10 kg. He has a _________ of 340 melons. On the table are 58 melons, and every melon weighs about 15 kg, _________from the South two days ago. They are fresh, red, and of good _________ .”
iends, you know, a more ________person is more observant, thinks more and understands in _________. For the same matter, he sees several years ahead, _________you see only tomorrow. The difference between a year and a day is 365 times, so how could you _________ ?
have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.