The first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart — the main pump had failed and his heart was beating irregularly and far too fast. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.
In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have an adverse outcome, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.
Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, the fallout from second-guessing looms especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe subsequent patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes. However, if a patient had a stroke and was not on warfarin, physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.
These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.
But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. “Overreaction to Fearsome Risks” holds true for broader society.
For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.
Humans are susceptible to emotional and often irrational thinking when processing information, adverse events and mistakes. As much as we don’t want to cause an unfortunate event to recur — in a medical setting or in the wider world — we need to be aware that a worst case scenario doesn’t necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may inadvertently overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.
I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.
1.The first two paragraphs suggest that ______
A.Bad medical outcomes affect doctors.
B.Delivering babies can be difficult work.
C.Some doctors are not very experienced.
D.Doctors sometimes make silly mistakes.
2.In the blood-thinner study, doctors ______.
A.tend to prescribe less effective medicine
B.are more concerned about the patients’ safety
C.believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding
D.become less confident in writing certain prescriptions
3.The author develops his idea mainly by ______.
A.giving examples B.making comparisons
C.using metaphors D.quoting famous sayings
4.The author will probably agree that ______.
A.we shouldn’t doubt our own decisions
B.our experience will pave way for our future
C.humans are emotional and irrational on the whole
D.instincts don’t necessarily lead to wrong directions
高三英语阅读理解困难题
The first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart — the main pump had failed and his heart was beating irregularly and far too fast. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good.
In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have an adverse outcome, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.
Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, the fallout from second-guessing looms especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe subsequent patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes. However, if a patient had a stroke and was not on warfarin, physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients.
These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed.
But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. “Overreaction to Fearsome Risks” holds true for broader society.
For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening.
Humans are susceptible to emotional and often irrational thinking when processing information, adverse events and mistakes. As much as we don’t want to cause an unfortunate event to recur — in a medical setting or in the wider world — we need to be aware that a worst case scenario doesn’t necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may inadvertently overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.
I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.
1.The first two paragraphs suggest that ______
A.Bad medical outcomes affect doctors.
B.Delivering babies can be difficult work.
C.Some doctors are not very experienced.
D.Doctors sometimes make silly mistakes.
2.In the blood-thinner study, doctors ______.
A.tend to prescribe less effective medicine
B.are more concerned about the patients’ safety
C.believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding
D.become less confident in writing certain prescriptions
3.The author develops his idea mainly by ______.
A.giving examples B.making comparisons
C.using metaphors D.quoting famous sayings
4.The author will probably agree that ______.
A.we shouldn’t doubt our own decisions
B.our experience will pave way for our future
C.humans are emotional and irrational on the whole
D.instincts don’t necessarily lead to wrong directions
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
I was thrilled to go on an adventure with my master Rev.Young, a tall man with kind eyes.Mr. Muir was going too. But he said, “Such a helpless creature will only be in the way.” I was disappointed when I heard what he said, and yet I still wanted to follow him.
One stormy morning, Mr. Muir set out alone to study nature. He ordered me to stay behind. But I could not let him go alone, so I followed him into the wild weather. We crossed Taylor Glacier and endless sheet of ice, which was cut by cracks. I was unafraid and sailed over these bottomless holes. Mr. Muir was delighted that he was not crossing them alone.
As dusk fell, we reached an enormous crack that was impossible to jump across. In between the two sides was a U-shaped bridge of ice, so thin that one wrong step would mean dropping to your death. Daylight was disappearing, and gusty winds blew snow into my eyes. I turned to return to camp the way we came. However, Mr. Muir decided to cross the crack. He sat down and rode the narrow U-strip as if it were a horse. Once safe on the other side, he called out to me. But I had never been so terrified before. “I am not good at climbing steep slopes.” I was scared and thought.
Then I looked at Mr. Muir, already across on the safe side. Slowly, I began to cross it. I could feel his eyes on me the entire way. Before I knew it, I made the happiest landing of my life. I ran round and round and jumped up and hugged him. From that day on, we spent every moment together.
1.Why didn’t Mr. Muir want to take me with him at the beginning?
A.He suggested that I need some rest.
B.He possessed great self-confidence.
C.He considered me as a burden to him.
D.He thought I was too weak to make a trip.
2.How did Mr. Muir manage to cross the crack?
A.By climbing steep slopes.
B.By sliding over the U-strip.
C.By leaping across the crack.
D.By riding the narrow ice bridge.
3.Which of the following words best describes their trip?
A.Horrible. B.Risky. C.Well-planned. D.Pleasant.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It was the man______ on the bed with his eyes open who_____the book open on the desk just now.
A.lain; lay | B.lying ;laid | C.lay; lay | D.lying ;lied |
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
There’s a man in the habit of hitting me on the head with an umbrella. At first I couldn’t stand it, now I’m used to it.
I don’t know his name. I know he’s average in appearance, wears a gray suit, and has a common face. I met him five years ago one hot morning when I was sitting on a tree-shaded bench in Palermo Park, reading the paper. Suddenly I felt something touch my head. It was the very same man who now, as I’m writing, keeps hitting me, mechanically (机械地) and impassively, with an umbrella.
On that occasion I turned around filled with anger. He just kept on hitting me. I asked him if he was crazy, he didn’t even seem to hear me. Then I threatened to call a policeman. Calmly, cool as a cucumber, he stuck with his task. After a few moments of hesitation, and seeing that he was not about to change his attitude, I stood up and hit him on the nose. The man fell down, but he immediately got back on his feet, obviously with great effort, and without a word again began hitting me on the head with the umbrella. His nose was bleeding and, at that moment, I felt sorry for him. I felt regret for having hit him so hard. After all, the man wasn’t exactly hitting me; he was merely tapping me lightly with his umbrella, not causing any pain at all. Of course, those taps were extremely bothersome. As we all know, when a fly lands on your forehead, you don’t feel any pain; what you feel is annoyance. Well then, that umbrella was one huge fly that kept landing on my head time after time.
Convinced that I was dealing with a madman, I tried to escape. But the man followed me, wordlessly continuing to hit me. So I began to run (I should point out that not many people run as fast as I do). He took off after me, trying to land a blow. The man was out of breath so that I thought, if I continued to force him to run at that speed, he would drop dead right then and there.
1.When the man began to strike the author with an umbrella, the author ________.
A. became angry
B. called the police
C. turned around and escaped
D. turned around and fought back
2.The author would most probably agree that the man was ________.
A. deaf B. blind C. dead D. mad
3.The author felt sorry for the man because ________.
A. the man formed a bad habit of beating others
B. he hit the man so hard that his nose bled
C. the man couldn’t catch up with him
D. there was a fly on the man’s head
4.It can be learned from the passage that the man ________.
A. shouted loudly while hitting the author
B. wanted to tell the author something
C. ran after the author breathlessly
D. acted as if he were a fly
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son.
Suddenly a crow(乌鸦)perched on the tree near their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this? ”
The son replied, “It is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son the 2nd time, “What is this?”
The son said, “Father, I have just now told you It’s a crow’. ”
After a little while, the old father again asked his son the 3rd time, “What is this? ”
“It’s a crow, a crow, a crow.” said the son loudly.
A little after, the father again asked his son the 4th time, “What is this?”
This time the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel annoyed; I rather felt affection for my innocent child. ”
1. In what tone did the son say to his Father “It’s a crow, a crow, a crow. ”?
A. impatient B. excited C. hurried D. surprised
2.Why did the Father ask the same question again and again?
A. Because he wanted to make his son angry.
B. Because he was too old to remember anything.
C. Because he couldn't understand what his son said.
D. Because he wanted to see how patient his son would be.
3.How old was the old man when his son asked him 23 times “What is this”?
A. 35 years old. B. 38 years old. C. 45 years old. D. 80 years old.
4.What is the most suitable title for the passage?
A. A crow. B. Father's love. C. An old dairy. D. An old man.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son.
Suddenly a crow perched on the tree near their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this?”
The son replied, “It is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son the second time, “What is this?”
The son said, “Father, I have just now told you. It is a crow!”
After a little while, the old father again asked his son the third time, “What is this?”
“It’s a crow, a crow, a crow!” said the son loudly.
A little after, the father again asked his son the fourth time, “What is this?”
This time the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel annoyed; I rather felt affection for my innocent child.”
1.What does the underlined word “perched” mean in the passage?
A. knocked. B. hit. C. landed. D. flew.
2.Why did the father ask the same question again and again?
A. Because he wanted to see how patient his son would be.
B. Because he was too old to remember anything.
C. Because he wanted to make his son angry.
D. Because he couldn’t understand what his son said.
3.How old was the old man when his son asked him 23 times “What is this?”
A. 38 years old. B. 45 years old.
C. 80 years old. D. 35 years old.
4.What is the most suitable title for the passage?
A. A Crow B. An Old Man
C. An Old Diary D. Father’s Love
高三英语听力第三部分中等难度题查看答案及解析
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son.
Suddenly a crow(乌鸦)perched on the tree near their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this?”
The son replied, “It is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son the second time, “What is this?”
The son said, “Father, I have just now told you. It is a crow! ”
After a little while, the old father again asked his son the third time, “What is this?”
“It’s a crow, a crow, a crow!” said the son loudly.
A little after, the father again asked his son the fourth time, “What is this?” This time the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel annoyed; I rather felt affection for my innocent child.”
1.What does the underlined word “perched” mean in the passage?
A. knocked. B. landed. C. hit. D. flew.
2.Why did the father ask the same question again and again?
A. Because he wanted to make his son angry.
B. Because he was too old to remember anything.
C. Because he wanted to see how patient his son would be.
D. Because he couldn’t understand what his son said.
3.How old was the old man when his son asked him 23 times “What is this?”
A. 35 years old. B. 45 years old.
C. 80 years old. D. 38 years old.
4.What is the most suitable title for the passage?
A. A Crow. B. An Old Man.
C. Father’s Love. D. An Old Diary.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son.
Suddenly a crow(乌鸦)perched on the tree near their window.
The father asked his son,“What is this? ”
The son replied,“It is a crow.”
After a few minutes,the father asked his son the 2nd time,“What is this? ”
The son said,“Father,I have just now told you ‘It's a crow’.”
After a little while,the old father again asked his son the 3rd time,“What is this? ”
“It's a crow,a crow,a crow.”said the son loudly.
A little after,the father again asked his son the 4th time,“What is this? ”
This time the son shouted at his father,“Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this? ”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old diary,which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page,he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it,the following words were written in the diary:
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa,when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was,and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel annoyed; I rather felt affection for my innocent child.”
1.What does the underlined word “perched” mean in the passage?
A. knocked B. landed
C. hit D. flew
2.Why did the Father ask the same question again and again?
A. Because he couldn't understand what his son said.
B. Because he was too old to remember anything.
C. Because he wanted to make his son angry.
D. Because he wanted to see how patient his son would be.
3.How old was the old man when his son asked him 23 times “What is this”?
A. 80 years old. B. 45 years old.
C. 38 years old. D. 35 years old.
4.What is the most suitable title for the passage?
A. A crow. B. An old man.
C. An old dairy. D. Father's love.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old highly educated son.
Suddenly a crow perched on their window.
The father asked his son, “What is this?”
The son replied, “It is a crow.”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son the 2nd time, “What is this?”
The son said, “Father, I have just now told you ‘It’s a crow’.”
After a little while, the old father again asked his son the 3rd time, “What is this?”
At this time some expression of irritation was felt in the son’s tone when he said to his father. “It’s a crow, a crow, a crow.”
A little after, the father again asked his son the 4th time, “What is this?”
This time the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old tattered diary, which he had maintained since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary:
“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question again and again for 23 times. I did not at all feel irritated, I rather felt affection for my innocent child.”
1. The underlined word “irritation” in the passage means ___________.
A. puzzlement B. annoyance
C. patience D. excitement
2. Why did the old father keep asking his son the same question?
A. Because he developed a kind of disease.
B. Because he was so boring that he wanted to play a joke with his son.
C. Because he wanted to know whether his son was as patient as he used to be.
D. Because his son used to love playing this game with him.
3. How old was the father when he wrote down this page in the diary?
A. 35 years old B. 38 years old
C. 45 years old D. 80 years old
4.The reason why the father did not feel irritated when his son asked him the same question for 23 times is that _______________.
A. he knew his son was still so innocent
B. the father was more patient than the son
C. the father had already got used to this kind of situation
D. the father loved his son so much that he never got tired of doing this again and again
5.What would the son probably say after reading the words in the diary?
A. “Sorry, dad. It’s all my fault to forget that.”
B. Nothing but felt rather ashamed.
C. “Sorry, dad. I shouldn’t have done that to you when I was such a young child.”
D. “Thank you, dad. I will do the same to my son.”
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
I was always the girl who managed to stay moderately fit through an active lifestyle. I relied on my brain but largely ______ my body.
Then, due to a mixture of ______ and overwork, I found myself no longer the ______ and happy person I had been. I couldn’t find ______ in the things I loved. I was unwell and needed to find a way to get better.
I added ______ to my schedule, along with more time outdoors and reducing my ______. I didn’t expect to enjoy it, and knew that I would need a one-to-one trainer to ______ me to exercise regularly. I ______ a personal trainer. I explained that I wasn’t aiming to lose weight. I had no ______ of shifting my anxiety on to the way I looked. ______, I wanted to improve my balance, flexibility and strength.
My trainer presented exercise as a way to boost myself up (增强) rather than ______, and to help my body be stronger and ______ for the things I wanted to do every day. To achieve this, I ______ time and energy in myself. ______ myself physically has not always been easy. It is hard work, I sweat a lot, and I ______ it. I finally found myself understanding ______ I would want to make exercise part of my life.
My body has built up. When I run, it takes less ______; when I dig my garden for hours, my back no longer ______. Now, when I’m ______ who I am and what I’m worth, I look down at my arms. Thanks to the exercise, my newly defined ______ reminds me of what I’m made of: the determination to thrive as well as survive.
1.A.appreciated B.shaped C.trained D.ignored
2.A.passions B.complaints C.stresses D.praises
3.A.confident B.honest C.punctual D.generous
4.A.evidence B.pleasure C.humour D.fault
5.A.entertainment B.communication C.travel D.exercise
6.A.expectation B.workload C.diet D.income
7.A.promise B.motivate C.allow D.beg
8.A.seized B.charged C.hired D.questioned
9.A.intention B.chance C.idea D.doubt
10.A.Instead B.Otherwise C.However D.Moreover
11.A.hang about B.shrink down C.burst in D.show off
12.A.fitter B.slower C.higher D.lighter
13.A.saved B.wasted C.found D.invested
14.A.Challenging B.Burying C.Measuring D.Locating
15.A.mean B.love C.catch D.refuse
16.A.where B.how C.when D.why
17.A.time B.skill C.effort D.focus
18.A.shakes B.breaks C.aches D.exists
19.A.enjoying B.wondering C.choosing D.guessing
20.A.character B.habit C.muscle D.mind
高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析