The story of a voyage bearing witness to plas...

The story of a voyage bearing witness to plastic pollution in the oceans,Junk Raft(筏子），based on facts,is an exciting,thought-provoking book.Science educator and researcher Marcus Eriksen's navigational feat(航海壮举）is holding readers' attention and interest--88 days crossing some 4,000 kilometers of open ocean,on a raft made of 15,000 plastic bottles wrapped in fishing nets.But it is more. Two equally fascinating storylines are made up through the written records of a series of events: Eriksen's evolution from soldier to research director of the environmental non-profit 5 Gyres Institute, and the journey we all need to take towards a more sustainable use of plastics.

Around 15%of all the litter in our oceans in plastic,and a calculated 5 million tonnes of plastic waste enter the seas annually.Unavoidably,it is now present at the sea surface and on shorelines,in Arctic seas and on the sea bed at depths of 3,500 metres.Around 700 sea species are known to come into contact with pieces of waste plastic material-and can be harmed or killed by taking in it or becoming twisted and caught in it.There are also concerns about plastics accumulating in commercially important species of fish and shellfish.The waters and shores of Hawaii are particularly heavily pottuted, giving a rationale(理由）for Eriksen's destination.

This environmental challenge has attracted increasing scientific,media and societal attention in recent years.　 yet few accounts have conveyed the\wider picture accessibly Junk Raft does just this---while exposing our frustratingly slow progress on a issue of major importance to fisheries, tourism and,finally,the health of the world's oceans.

Eriksen lists the issues associated with the accumulation of sea plastic:the causes,consequences and potential solutions.Our single-use culture is the main offender.For more than 60 years,society and industry have been producing more and more throwaway items particularly packaging.Some solutions lie in better acquisition of materials at the end of their lives,in a circular economy.

Eriksen takes the crisis into consideration together with a timeline of scientific discovery and advancement since the 1970s.Alongside this he gives a very personal,somewhat North American,view the troubles of industry and policy involvement the side plots and blind alleys,and the tactics(战术） of avoidance and disturbance he has so often experienced.There are parallels,he shows,with the troubles that faced those who fought to raise awareness around the health impacts of smoking.

Throughout,we are regularly brought back to the realities of life aboard the raft,with Eriksen's fellow sailor Joel Paschal.This is both fascinating and eventful,from their slow,occasionally very dangerous progress to the moments when it seems the raft will break up into pieces,littering the ocean with the waste material Eriksen is trying so hard to fight against.Eriksen's wider journey also takes him onto dry land,where he touches on the accumulation of land plastic.He learns about the consumption of plastic bags by camels-a serious issue in some desert countries.

It can be difficult to judge the direct impacts of projects such as Eriksen's,but he rightly notes the Importance of raising awareness of the risks of disposable plastic.Eriksen has also done much to emphasize the environmental consequences of polymer microbeads(聚合物微粒）in the US Great Lakes, providing key evidence that led to the introduction of a law.

Junk Raft is filled with adventure,romance,a sense of optimism and important truths that will be needed by the thousands of groups.It serves as a reflection of the choices and journeys that each of us makes and helps us understand how plastic in the oceans is closely connected with the future of human life.

1.What makes the book Junk Raft attractive to readers?

A.The appeal for global environmental protection.

B.Efforts made to put an end to the use of plastics.

C.Erisken's adventures on the plastic ocean on a raft.

D.Eriksen's soldierly service and environmental study.

2.What has raised people's concern according to the passage?

A.More rubbish being poured into the oceans.

B.Plastics accumulating in rare species of fish.

C.Many species in the oceans suffering fro shock.

D.The waters of the oceans being polluted by plastics.

3.What does the underlined word"this"in Paragraph3 refer to?

A.Making accounts accessible.

B.Listing the environmental issues.

C.Taking the pollution into account.

D.Facing the environmental challenge.

4.What is the main reason for sea plastic pollution?

A.The overuse of household items.

B.The wasteful throwaway culture.

C.The production of more materials.

D.The failure to find potential solutions.

5.The trouble industry and policy engagement face lies in that_____.

A.the current policy is yet to be further perfected

B.people turn a blind eye to the plastics industry

C.people lack correct awareness of the problem

D.the market need for plastics is enlarging on land

6.What is the author's attitude toward Eriksen's work?

A.Cautious. B.Ambiguous.

C.Doubtful. D.Appreciative.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

1.What caused the number of black bears to decrease?

A.The fires. B.The pollution. C.The lack of food.

2.Where will the students have these trips?

A.In a museum. B.In a park. C.In a zoo.

3.When can the students have Trip 2?

A.On July 8. B.On July 15. C.On July 22.

4.What should students take in Trip 2?

A.A backpack. B.A warm coat. C.A bright-colored hat.

高三英语短文中等难度题查看答案及解析

Plastics are considered one of the most serious pollutants causing environmental problems. The garbage containing plastics end up in the waterways that eventually flow into the oceans. Accumulation (聚集)of plastic in the ocean endangers marine life and pollutes the water.

Does a plastic continent exist? Yes, a plastic continent does exist and was discovered by Captain Charles Moore a decade ago. The plastic continent is twice the size of Britain and it is the region between the Hawaii Islands and California in the central Pacific Ocean.

One of the causes of the lack of marine life in this region is due to pollution and pollutants are none other than plastics. Captain Charles Moore believes plastic waste started accumulating in the 1950s.

The plastic continent is the man-made continent of floating plastic waste. The fisher men and the sailors have avoided this region for years. The reasons are:

1. There are no fish here because of the lack of nutrients.

2. The zone also lacks the wind that is essential for sailing.

To do research on the ocean pollution, Captain Moore founded Algalita Marine Research Foundation. Other organizations such as Greenpeace supported his cause. The reports of The United Nations Environment Program show that millions of seabirds and marine animals are dying due to the invasion(入侵)of plastics. The waste plastics can be recycled, but in fact they are being thrown into the oceans. The marine animals mistake these for food and eat them. This leads to their death that affects the marine food chain.

To save the oceans from the plastic continent you need to reduce the use of plastics, reuse plastic bags and recycle plastics.

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

2. What is the direct influence of the plastic continent?

3. It is implied that the work of plastic recycling proves to be ______.

4.What can we learn from the passage?

高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

We’re drowning in plastic. If you want to reduce your own contribution to the plastic pollution problem, recycling might seem like an easy solution.

But what happens after you clean out those plastic containers and pour them into a recycling bin? Unfortunately, the outcome isn’t as rosy as many people think; recycling is unlikely to give plastic to-go containers new life. “Of all the waste produced in 2017, only 8.4% of it eventually got recycled. It’s not that consumers aren’t motivated to recycle or that they don’t have ready access to recycling programs; the United States simply doesn’t have the proper facilities (设施),” said John Hocevar, a marine biologist with Greenpeace USA.

A recent report surveyed the United States’ 367 materials recovery facilities—the facilities that sort our recycling—and found only plastic bottles were regularly recycled. The fate of most other types of plastic such as packaging usually ends up being buried or burnt.

Not all plastic is created equal. If you turn over a transparent plastic bottle, like those used to hold water, you’ll notice a number “1” inside a triangular recycling symbol. Non-transparent jugs, like the kind that hold milk, get a “2”. At materials recovery facilities, or MRF’s, plastics get sorted based on these numbers, which indicate how recyclable they are.

Numbers 1 and 2 are relatively recyclable. Recycling gets more difficult with higher numbers, called “mixed plastic”. This waste makes up around 69% of all the plastic we use. It’s much more expensive to process than numbers 1 and 2.

So what the United States needs is facilities equipped to process other kinds of plastic. But Hocevar came up with a different solution: “The really simple answer is that we have to stop making so much throwaway plastic.”

That said, is recycling worth it? For bottles labeled (贴标签) “1” or “2”, the answer is “yes”. There’s also a growing market for plastics labeled “5”. For other numbers, Hocevar’s answer was simple: a resounding (响亮的) “no” on numbers 3, 4, 6 and 7.

1.Which problem is the USA facing according to the text?

A.People don’t know the best way to recycle.

B.Ready recycling programs are not accessible.

C.People lack awareness about plastic recycling.

D.There isn’t suitable equipment for plastic recycling.

2.What may John Hocevar think of plastic recycling in the USA?

A.Productive. B.Promising.

C.Unsatisfying. D.Controversial.

3.What information can the numbers on plastic bottles convey?

A.Whether it is easy to recycle them.

B.The recycling technology they need.

C.They places where they were produced.

D.Which dustbin we should put them into.

4.What should we do with plastic according to Hocevar?

A.Give up the use of plastic.

B.Develop more cheaper facilities.

C.Only recycle plastics labeled 1 to 5.

D.Reduce the production of mixed plastic.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Plastic bags are provided for our convenience but they have also_______ the pollution of the environment．

A．adapted to           B．turned to             C．contributed to      D．looked forwarded to

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.

It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunken or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane(薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles(水泡) without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.

The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.

Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $ 1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise,so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.

1.How is most plastic dealt with in America?

A. It’s sold.　　 B. It’s recycled.

C. It’s buried.　　 D. It’s wasted.

2.Why did the team invent Ooho?

A. To make a profit for a company.　　 B. To protect the environtnent.

C. To make people eat as they drink.　　 D. To reduce the cost of plastic bottle.

3.What can we infer about Ooho from the text?

A. It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts.

B. It has become popular since it began to be sold.

C. It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles.

D. It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology.

4.What does the author really want to say in the last paragraph?

A. Ooho is to be a success in the future.

B. Ooho is being supported by smart people.

C. Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now.

D. Ooho is being produced to attract more investors.

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

To address the plastic pollution troubling the world’s seas and waterways, Cornell University chemists have developed a new polymer (聚合物) that can degrade (降解) plastic when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, according to the research published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

“We have created a new plastic that has the mechanical properties required by commercial fishing gear. If it eventually gets lost in the water environment, this material can degrade on a realistic time scale,” said lead researcher Bryce Lipinski, professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Cornell University. “This material could effectively reduce persistent plastic accumulation in the environment.”

Commercial fishing contributes to about half of all floating plastic waste that ends up in the oceans. Fishing nets and ropes are primarily made from three kinds of polymers, none of which easily degrade. “While research of degradable plastics has received much attention in recent years,” Lipinski said, “obtaining a material with a mechanical strength comparable to commercial plastic remains a difficult challenge.”

Coates and his research team have spent the past 15 years developing the new plastic called isotactic polypropylene oxide, or iPPO. While its original discovery was in 1949, the mechanical strength of this material was unknown before this recent work. The high isotacticity and polymer chain length of their material makes it different from previous plastics and provides its mechanical strength.

Lipinski and other scientists want no race of the polymer to be left in the environment. He notes there is precedent (先例) for the biodegradation of small chains of iPPO which could effectively make it disappear and ongoing efforts aim to prove this.

1.What is the feature about the new polymer?

A.It can solve the problem of plastic consumption.

B.It can degrade plastic waste in the sea water.

C.It has been developed to solve plastic pollution.

D.It has been developed to lower fishing costs.

2.What can we infer from paragraph 3?

A.It requires great effort to invent the new plastic.

B.Fishing should be forbidden in the sea.

C.Fishing nets and ropes are not the major pollution source.

D.Degradable plastics were not paid attention to until recent years.

3.What did the recent study find about iPPO?

A.Its original discovery. B.Its mechanical properties.

C.Its complex structure. D.Its mechanical strength.

4.What is Lipinski’s attitude towards the future of iPPO?

A.Doubtful. B.Promising.

C.Unconcerned. D.Disapproval.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Five steps to make a difference to the oceans

The oceans are being seriously polluted now. Plastics are harming the marine (海产的) life. Carbon pollution is warming the oceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being overfished. 1. Here are some steps we can take to help make a difference.

1. Bring our own bags. 2. Try carrying a reusable bag at all times, including while traveling, and bringing our own things to work to avoid relying on plastic items.

2. Talk about it now. We should carry that conversation into public places. Talk to our friends and family about why the ocean is important and why we take steps to help it, and challenge them to do the same.

3. 3. A good way to make a difference is to organize a garbage cleanup now. Whether it’s an inland cleanup or one near the coast, plan one in our community.

4. Throw away our cars. 4. When we hang out, we should reduce our carbon footprint, which may help slow global warming and ocean acidification as well as conserve energy

5. Recycle, obviously. Experts say recycling is an obvious action to take. Check on what can be recycled in our community, and make sure you’re separating out your plastic.

In summary, think about it more and act on it more. The more someone thinks about plastics and plastics pollution, the environment and the consequences of our actions, the more likely they are to act on it. 5.

A. Plan a cleanup.

B. Choose public transportation over driving our cars.

C. Driving cars is not a good way to protect the oceans.

D. However, experts say there’s still hope to make a difference.

E. However, marine life plays a very important role in the oceans.

F. If everyone can contribute to the oceans, the oceans will be well preserved.

G. Whenever we put something, we should bring our own bag, but not a plastic one.

高三英语七选五简单题查看答案及解析

His 　 　　 conflicted with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had, for me, the ring of truth.

A. expectation　　 B. instruction

C. response　　 D. account

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

I once heard the story of a grown bear that lived in a cage and traveled with a circus ever since he was young．The bear spent every day of his life1back and forth in his cage while lots of2looked on．When the keepers weren’t 3, some visitors would throw pieces of food 4broken glass into the cage．When the great bear would eat what he thought was a（n） 5meal, the broken glass 6cut his throat and stomach．

One day an animal lover visited the circus and saw the 7, things that the people were doing．He felt so 8for the animal that he decided to buy the bear．The circus 9to sell the bear to him and they set up a 10to send it．

When the day arrived for the bear to be 11, everyone was waiting to see what would happen．To everyone’s 12, when the door of the cage was opened for the first time, the bear 13paced back and forth as usual．The bear didn’t seem to 14that the cage door was open．Finally the keepers got the bear out of the cage and rolled it 15．What they saw next shocked everyone．The bear 16at his new home．Then to everyone’s surprise and 17, the bear began his pacing again．Back and forth he would go as if he was in a（n） 18cage．In the end, he had to be put to sleep．

I hope and 19that you are not living a life like the bear described above．I heard a（n）   20recently, “Don’t let your past dictate who you are, but do let it influence who you become．”

1.A．bending      confusing      C．removing       D．pacing

2.A．activists    visitors       C．keepers        D．bears

3.A．tidying      contacting     C．looking        D．existing

4.A．made up    kept up          C．made of        D．filled with

5.A．wonderful    simple         C．unforgettable                D．frustrating

6.A．should       will           C．may            D．would

7.A．terrible     strange        C．amusing        D．endless

8.A．promising  silent           C．pity           D．fair

9.A．refused      thrilled       C．agreed         D．inspired

10.A．rule        date           C．company        D．calendar

11.A．sold        delivered      C．presented      D．shot

12.A．surprise    sadness        C．comment        D．entertainment

13.A．originally                    anxiously      C．simply     D．enjoyably

14.A．bother      dream          C．desire         D．care

15.A．in          up             C．out            D．away

16.A．traveled around  looked into                 C．checked in     D．looked around

17.A．excitement disappointment C．eagerness      D．imagination

18.A．lovely      precious       C．imaginary      D．similar

19.A．advise      pray           C．explain        D．educate

20.A．statement                     announcement  C．method     D．quote

高三英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析