Most people aren’t good at creative problem s...

Most people aren’t good at creative problem solving for two reasons: First, they are not trained in how to be creative. Second, they don’t understand group strength well enough to harness(驾驭) their power to maximize group creativity.

A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. The more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. When groups get together to exchange ideas, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone.

To fix this problem, you should consider the two stages of group problem-solving: divergence(分散) and convergence(集中). Divergence happens when the group considers as many different potential solutions as possible. Convergence happens when the various proposed solutions are evaluated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem.

The essential principle of group creativity is that individuals working alone diverge, whereas group members working together converge. In groups, once a member states a potential solution, it makes others think about the problem similarly. That is why groups working together diverge less than individuals working alone.

Therefore, be aware of when to diverge and when to converge. For example, early in the problem-solving process, have group members work alone to write down statements describing the problem. Then get them back to discuss their descriptions. The group discussion will lead everyone to accept one or a small number of these statements to work on—this is healthy convergence.

When starting to generate solutions, you again want divergence. Have people work alone to start. Then collect people’s initial ideas and send them around to others and allow the divergence to continue as everyone individually builds on the ideas of other members. Finally, let the group discuss the resulting ideas. This discussion will gradually lead the group to converge on a small number of candidate solutions.

This simple method works effectively, because it respects what individuals and groups do best.

1.We can infer that the traditional brainstorming methods ______.

A.enable people to form more ideas together

B.greatly encourage group creativity

C.actually limit group creativity

D.prevent people’s involvement in the problems

2.According to Para. 4, when a member presents an idea, others tend to _____.

A.think the other way round B.follow his way of thinking

C.be more confident in their own ideas D.be less willing to share their own ideas

3.What should group members first do early in the problem-solving process?

A.Discuss the problem. B.Put down group statements together.

C.Simplify the problem. D.Write down their individual descriptions.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A.A simple way to make group thinking more effective

B.Difficulties in organizing group thinking

C.Differences between divergence and convergence

D.Advantages of group thinking over individual thinking

高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析

Most people aren’t good at creative problem solving for two reasons: (1) They are not trained in how to be creative. (2) They don’t understand group strength well enough to harness (驾驭) their power to maximize group creativity.

A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. The more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. When groups get together to exchange ideas, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone.

To fix this problem, you should consider the two stages of group problem-solving: divergence (分散) and convergence (集中). Divergence happens when the group considers as many different potential solutions as possible. Convergence happens when the various proposed solutions are evaluated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem.

The essential principle of group creativity is that individuals working alone diverge, whereas group members working together converge. In groups, once a member states a potential solution, that makes others think about the problem similarly. That is why groups working together diverge less than individuals working alone.

Therefore, be aware of when to diverge and when to converge. For example, early in the problem-solving process, have group members work alone to write down statements describing the problem. Then get them back to discuss their descriptions. The group discussion will lead everyone to accept one or a small number of these statements to work on — this is healthy convergence.

When starting to generate solutions, you again want divergence. Have people work alone to start. Then collect people’s initial ideas and send them around to others and allow the divergence to continue as everyone individually builds on the ideas of other members.

Finally, let the group discuss the resulting ideas. This discussion will gradually lead the group to converge on a small number of candidate solutions.

This simple method works effectively, because it respects what individuals and groups do best.

1.According to Para. 4, when a member presents an idea, others tend to_____.

A.think the other way round

B.follow his way of thinking

C.be more confident in their own ideas

D.be less willing to share their own ideas

2.What should group members first do early in the problem-solving process?

A.Discuss the problem.

B.Simplify the problem.

C.Put down group statements together.

D.Write down their individual descriptions.

3.How can each group member make changes to his initial solution?

A.By adding in collected evidence.

B.By reorganizing his own words.

C.By drawing on others’ ideas.

D.By making his statement briefer.

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A.To advocate a way to make group thinking more effective.

B.To demonstrate the difficulty in organizing group thinking.

C.To highlight the differences between divergence and convergence.

D.To show the advantage of group thinking over individual thinking.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The ideas _______ most inventions come from people trying to solve a problem.

A.from B.under C.beyond D.behind

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

.Most of the problems the government had been paying much attention to __ at last.

高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析

Are GM（转基因的) foods safe for people? Can they help solve the poverty problem? They have been the subjects of a hot debate.

This debate is related to increasing challenges from rising climatic change, population growth, urbanization（城镇化), and natural resource consumption. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, food production needs to increase by 60 percent by 2050 in order to feed 9 billion people. Scientists and policymakers are searching for effective ways to gain nutritious food, for today and future. Unlike previous agricultural methods (such as the Green Revolution), GM crops are to fight food safety and poverty challenges.

The great expansion of GM crop varieties over the last two decades can be seen easily. The total area devoted to GM crops has increased 100 times from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 170 million hectares in 2012. Developing countries now grow more GM crops than developed countries (in terms of area), largely driven by Brazil’s rapid adoption of GM crops. China is home to about 4 percent of the total global area devoted to GM crops. Beans, corn, and cotton are main global GM crops, while China’s focus is on cotton, papaya, and poplar.

Recently, a scientific study shows that GM crops are safe for people and the environment. According to a 2010 report on the safety of GM crops by the EU, “the main conclusion to be drawn from the efforts of more than 130 research projects, covering a period of more than 25 years of research, and involving more than 500 research groups, is that biology methods, are not more risky than traditional planting technologies, for example.” Other international and national scientific bodies, such as the World Health Organization, have reached the same conclusion.

1. Nowadays, people are developing GM foods mainly to fight against______.

A. urbanization

B. population growth

C. rising climatic change

D. natural resource consumption

2. As for GM crops, what do people mainly focus on ?

A. Food production.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. Food nutrition.

C. Food safety.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. Food variety.

3. What does Paragraph 3 talk about?

A. More GM crops in developing countries.

B. Less GM crops in developed countries.

C. Rapid adoption of GM crops in Brazil.

D. The expansion of GM crop varieties of the world.

4. From a recent scientific study, we can infer that______.

A. traditional planting technologies are more risky

B. the safety of GM crops has been proved in many ways

C. the safety of GM crops was reported by the EU in 2010

D. present GM crops are safe for people and the environment

5. What’s the writer’s attitude towards GM crops?

A. Supportive.　　　　 B. Opposed.

C. Unknown.　　　　 　　 D. Indifferent.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The way you thought of _______ the math problem is greatly creative .

A. solving          B. settling       C. to solve       D. to handle

高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

For the most part, American children aren’t great at math. But Chinese children tend to be excellent. It’s consistently found Chinese students at the top of the academic pile and Americans much nearer the bottom.

In Lenora Chu’s book “Little Soldiers: An American Boy, a Chinese School”, she begins to reveal the cultural differences that lead to this gap. The differences she notices in children’s focus and discipline are dramatic, but she also notices cultural differences that influence how Chinese schools are run, and the reason why its students test so well. Along with factors such as highly trained teachers and an emphasis on memorizing before pursuing deeper understanding, the difference comes down to a belief that has begun slowly making its way across the US: achievement is the result of hard work, not natural ability.

This approach comes from a firm belief that anything is possible with hard work, with chiku, or “eating bitter”. Studies show that for kids who score poorly. Chinese teachers believe a lack of effort—rather than of smarts — is to blame.

Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, author of “Mindset (心态)”, is responsible for making up the terms “growth mindset” and “fixed mindset”. Chinese students are trained to have a growth mindset: if they aren’t doing well, they’11 work harder, and they’ll be successful. American children tend to be trained to have a fixed mindset about academics: their abilities are largely predetermined and static. If they aren’t doing well, it’s because they’re not good at it.

In America students are told that learning is fun and easy. But real learning is actually very difficult and takes suffering and anxiety. If you’re not willing to go through that you’re not going to learn deeply. The downside is these students often give up when something gets hard or when it’s no longer fun.

1.According to Lenora Chu, what contributes most to the Chinese students’excellent academic performance?

A.School operation model. B.The emphasis on memorizing.

C.High-qualified teachers. D.Chinese culture.

2.According to Chinese teachers, students failing an exam are______.

A.lazy B.slow

C.unfocused D.foolish

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to Carol Dweck’s theory?

A.A majority of Chinese students are born excellent learners.

B.American students tend to believe learning ability is genetically determined.

C.Amerlcan students should choose a Chinese school to achieve success.

D.American students are lacking in a fixed mindset, compared to Chinese students.

4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A.Students should study in a fun way.

B.American students are always anxious about their study.

C.American students have no difficulty in learning deeply.

D.Diligence plays an essential part in learning.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

阅读表达

[1] A healthy weight is a weight that lowers your risk for health problems. For most people, body mass index (BMI) and waist size are good ways to tell if they are at a healthy weight.

[2] If you want to get to a healthy weight and stay there, a healthy lifestyle will work better than dieting. Reaching a certain number on the scale is not as important as having a healthy lifestyle.

[3] Staying at a healthy weight is one of the best things you can do for your health. It can help prevent serious problems, including: heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes and sleep apnea.

[4] But weight is only _________. Even if you carry some extra weight, eating healthy foods and being more active can help you feel better, have more energy, and lower your risk for disease

[5] If you decide that you do need to make some changes, here are three steps to reach a healthy weight:

[6] Improve your eating habits. Do it slowly. You may be tempted to do a diet overhaul and change everything about the way you eat. But you will be more successful at staying with the changes you make if you pick just one eating habit at a time to work on.

[7] Get moving: Try to make physical activity a regular part of your day, just like brushing your teeth.

[8] Changing your thinking. Our thoughts have a lot to do with how we feel and what we do. If you can stop your brain from telling you discouraging things and have it start encouraging you instead, you may be surprised at how much healthier you’ll be in mind and body.

1.What does the author say about getting to a healthy weight according to Paragraph 2?(no more than 8 words)

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 4 words)

If you have some _________ don’t worry, you can still keep healthier by eating

healthier food and being more active.

3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 6 words)

_______________________________________________________________________________

4.List three steps to reach a healthy weight according to the text. (no more than 15 words)

(1) _________________________________________________________________________

(2)_________________________________________________________________________

(3)_________________________________________________________________________

5. What does the word “it” (line2, Paragraph 8) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)

____________________________________________________________________________

高三英语其他题中等难度题查看答案及解析

At one time or another most farmers have problems with mice. This is especially true for grain farmers. Mice eat a lot of grain. They also carry diseases(疾病), which people can get from eating or touching grain the mice have made dirty. Farmers can use special grain storage buildings or they can kill the mice. However, both methods can be costly. Farmers must buy materials to build the special grain storage buildings or chemical poisons to kill the mice．

Here is a way to kill mice without spending a lot of money. It is a simple but effective kind of mouse trap. The method is first used by some farmers in the west African country of Mali. An agricultural expert in Mali reported about the Mali mouse trap in a magazine. The expert reported that his gardener caught 150 mice in just one night. The gardener used four traps. The trap is easy to make. First, remove the top from a 20 liter metal or plastic container(容器). Put it in a hole in the ground. The top edge of the container should be the level with the surface of the ground. Fill the container with water to within eight centimeters of the top. Add tiny pieces of grain wastes. They should float on the water. Also put some wastes on the ground near the trap. During the night, mice will come out to eat the grain wastes. They will fall into the container and drown. Replace the food in the trap every night．

1.According to the passage，_____ used the mouse trap first.

A. an agricultural expert in the west Africa

B. farmers in the United States

C. all American gardener

D. farmers in Mali

2.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. A simple and effective method used by farmers to kill mice

B.How to kill mice

C. Methods used by farmers to kill mice

D. Farmers have problems with mice

3. Which of the following can’t protect grain from being eaten by mice?

A．A special grain storage building

B．Chemical poisons

C．A mouse trap

D．A hole in the ground

4. Which is probably the trap mentioned in the passage?

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

There are over one million superstitions(迷信), and most people believe at least one or two of　them.

Many people are superstitious about numbers. They think that there are lucky numbers and unlucky numbers.

The number 13 is often considered unlucky. In some parts of the world, buildings have no 13th floor and streets have no houses with the number 13. In Japan, "4" is considered unlucky because in Japanese the word "four" is pronounced the same as the word "death" .

Japanese never give gifts of four knives, four napkins, or four of anything.

What are the lucky numbers? Seven is a lucky number in many places, and "8" is considered a lucky number in Japan and China. In China, businesses often open on August 8, and many couples register to get married at eight past eight on August 8.

Superstitions about numbers are so widespread that some people--called numerologist--make a living by giving advice about numbers.

In 1937, when the Toyoda family of Japan wanted to form a car company, they asked a numerologist if "Toyoda" would be a good name for the company. The numerologist said it would not be. He explained that "Toyota" would be a better name for the company. The family took his advice. As a result, millions of people drive "Toyota" and not "Toyoda" .

There are many other kinds of superstitions. There are superstitions about eating, sleeping, sneezing and itching(抓痒). There are superstitions about animals and holidays and horseshoes.

There are even superstitions about superstitions. Those superstitions will tell people how to reverse bad luck.

When the Japanese bump heads, they immediately bump heads again. According to a Japanese superstition, the first-bump means their parents will die, but the second bump "erases" the first bump

To reverse bad luck in general, people turn around three times, turn their pockets inside out, or put their hats on backwards.

In the United States, baseball players sometimes wear their caps backwards when their team is losing. It looks silly, but the baseball players do not mind if it helps them win the game.

1.It can be inferred that superstitions about numbers are________.

2.The underlined word "reverse" means________.

3.If a Japanese purposely bumps his head again after an accidental bump, we can be sure that ________.

4.The writer wrote this passage with the purpose of________.

高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析