-
Over the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.
Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’ s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the “fliers” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.
Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.
Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.
Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders don’t use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.
There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.
1.What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?
A. To compare skills of participants.
B. To make the audience feel amused.
C. To attract more people to watch events.
D. To cheer up the competitors on the court.
2.The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”.
A. examine B. identify
C. combine D. replace
3.We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading ______.
A. lacks necessary guidelines to follow
B. enjoys greater popularity than other sports
C. requires more designed actions than gymnastics
D. has a relatively high rate of damage to the body
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
-
Over the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.
Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the “fliers” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.
Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.
Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.
Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders don’t use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.
There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.
1.What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?
A. To compare skills of participants.
B. To make the audience feel amused.
C. To attract more people to watch events.
D. To cheer up the competitors on the court.
2.The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”.
A. examine B. combine C. identify D. replace
3.We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading ______.
A. lacks necessary guidelines to follow
B. enjoys greater popularity than other sports
C. requires more designed actions than gymnastics
D. has a relatively high rate of damage to the body
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
-
A Competitive Sport
Over the years, cheerleading(啦啦队) has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.
Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the “fliers” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.
Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.
Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.
Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders don’t use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.
There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.
1.What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?
A. To compare skills of participants.
B. To make the audience feel amused.
C. To attract more people to watch events.
D. To cheer up the competitors on the court.
2.The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”.
A. examine B. combine
C. identify D. replace
3.We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading ______.
A. lacks necessary guidelines to follow
B. enjoys greater popularity than other sports
C. requires more designed actions than gymnastics
D. has a relatively high rate of damage to the body
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
-
Over a million children have developed some form of intellectual （智力） disability over the past two decades after being exposed to chemicals including flame retardants, pesticides, lead, and mercury, a study has revealed.
The study focused on the four chemicals, which can be crossed from a mother to her unborn baby through the placenta（胎盘）and cause neurodevelopmental damage. The researchers looked at data from past studies, including blood samples taken from women of childbearing age and 5-year-olds.
Over the period, flame retardants, resulted in 738,860 cases of intellectual disability and an estimated 162 million lost IQ （智商）points, followed by lead at 330,684 cases, pesticides at 111,830, and mercury at 8,860. In recent years, pesticides and flame retardants have overtaken lead and mercury as the chemicals responsible for the biggest loss of IQ among children.
The researchers believe this is due to regulations cutting down the use of these chemicals. For instance, lead has been banned from gasoline, paint and drinking water systems in the U.S. and plants are not allowed to pump out mercury.
The researchers acknowledged limitations to their study, including that the exposure-response relationships might not relate to all populations. Positively, they found a huge drop in the estimated loss of IQ points among children.
Lead researcher Abigail Gaylord, commented: "Our findings suggest that our efforts to reduce exposure to heavy metals are paying off, but that harmful exposures in general continue to represent a terrible risk to people's physical, mental, and economic health. "Unfortunately, the minimal policies in place to remove pesticides and flame retardants are clearly not enough," she said.
She also added. Frequently opening windows to let persistent chemicals found in furniture electronics, and carpeting escape, and eating certified organic produce can educe exposure to these harmful things"
1.Which contributes most to the loss of children's IQ?
A.Flame retardants. B.Pesticide.
C.Lead. D.Mercury.
2.Where does the passage probably come from?
A.A school report. B.A science fiction.
C.A scientific research. D.A chemistry book.
3.What is the drawback of the research mentioned?
A.It has received bad response from all populations.
B.It has no previous information to refer to.
C.It covers only part of the population.
D.It is not supported by government policies.
4.What's the best title for this passage?
A.Four chemicals harming children.
B.Regulations cutting down the use of heavy metals.
C.Environment risking people's physical and mental health.
D.Children IQ lowered by exposure to harmful chemicals.
-
The new product is beyond all praise and has quickly taken over the market ___ its superior quality.
A. in terms of B. by virtue of
C. on behalf of D. on top of
-
The palm - forward (掌心向外) "V" sign, formed by raising and spreading the wrist two fingers, has three different meanings in American culture.
The most popular meaning of the "V" sign was invented in 1941 by a Belgian, Victor De Lavalaye. Wanting a symbol for resistance to the Nazi occupation, he came up with the single letter "V", which stood not only for his own first name, but also for English victory, Flemish virijheid, and French victoire. The symbolism of the sign spread very quickly, and Winston Churchill used it constantly in public appearance. Thus throughout the 1940s and 1950s, the gesture meant simply" victory " .
The second meaning came in the 1960s. Because of its military implication, American antiwar protestors used the sign sarcastically (讽刺地) against the arms, so that it became known as the "peace sign". In the 1970s, the "W' sign, which had lost its military implication, was a common greeting among freedom lovers , acid heads, political radicals, and ultimately, young people in general. So by about the middle of the 1970s, it no longer gave clue to the user's philosophy.
The third meaning is the oldest and least common. American children jokingly put " V" , which resembles "horns", behind friends-heads in group snapshot. They are unknowingly reproducing something that southern Europeans would find highly offensive. This mischief, called "horns of the Devil", is a variant of the European "horns" gesture, which is obscene （猥亵的). Here the "w' sign means "Your wife has been cheating on you or, when placed behind another's head, his wife has been cheating on him. "
In the United States, the gesture is typically given with the palm facing the viewer. The British use both this version and an older, palm - backward version ; the latter is obscene in American culture, and corresponds to the American "finger". Churchill got some surprised stares in 1941 when, evidently unaware of the mean usage, he gave the palm - backward "V" to British troops. In England today you could have to be a social hermit not to understand the distinction. Astonishingly, however, Margaret Thatcher repeated Churchill's error after her victory in the 1979 election.
1.What's the most popular meaning of the "V" sign?
A. Victory, B. Peace.
C. Cheat. D. Freedom.
2.Why did Churchill get some surprised stares according to the last paragraph?
A. He was proud of his troops.
B. He had wanted to be a hermit.
C. He wasn't insensible of the mean usage of the "V" sign.
D. He wanted to show congratulations to British troops.
3.What can be learned from the text?
A. The "V" sign simply means victory since 1941.
B. The "V" sign meaning peace was invented by a Belgian.
C. Thatcher made the same error as Churchill after her successful election.
D. American antiwar protestors used the sign to greet among freedom lovers.
4.What can we conclude from the passage?
A. It's never too old to learn.
B. Think well before you speak.
C. Actions speak louder than words.
D. Try to know culture diversity fully and regionally.
-
The Lumière Brothers had their film shows, taken over 100 years ago, to 100 paying customers on December 8, 1985. One of their earliest films was a 30-second piece which showed a section of a railway platform. As the train approached, panic started in the theatre: people jumped and ran away. In their confusion, the audiences feared that a real train was about to crush them. That was the moment when cinema was born.
Early cinema audiences often experienced the same confusion. In time, the idea of films became familiar, the magic was accepted — but it never stopped being magic. Film has never lost its unique power to embrace its audience and transport them to a different world.
One effect of this realism was to educate the world about itself. Cinema makes the world smaller. Long before people travelled to America or anywhere else, they knew what other places looked like and how other people worked and lived. Undoubtedly, in the lives recorded in film people knew more about American life. Hollywood has dominated the world film market. American imagery — the cars, the cities, the cowboys became the primary imagery of film. Film carried American life and values around the globe.
And, thanks to film, future generations will know the 20th century more familiarly than any other period. We can only imagine what life was like in the 14th century or in classical Rome. But the life of the modern world has been recorded on films. We shall be known better than any preceding generations.
The “star” was another natural consequence of cinema. The cinema star was effectively born in 1910. Because everybody in the world seems to know who they are, they appear more real to us than we do ourselves. The star as magnified human self is one of cinema‟s most strange and enduring legacies(遗产).
Cinema films originally were planned as short stories, because early producers doubted the ability of audiences to concentrate for more than the length of a reel. Then, in 1912, an Italian 2-hour film was hugely successful, and Hollywood settled upon the novel-length narrative that remains the dominant cinematic convention of today.
And it has all happened so quickly. Almost unbelievably, it is only 100 years since that train arrived and the audience screamed and fled, perhaps, suddenly aware that the world could never be the same again — that, maybe, it could be better, brighter, more astonishing and more real than reality.
1.The writer refers to the film of the train in order to show_______.
A. the effect of early films
B. the simplicity of early films
C. the short length of early films
D. the vivid imagination of early films
2.When cinema first began, people thought that_______
A. its future was uncertain
B. it would always tell stories
C. it should be used in fairgrounds
D. the audiences were unappreciative
3.What is the main idea of the Paragraph 3?
A. How fast cinema has changed.
B. How attractive the film actors are.
C. How cinema comes to focus on stories.
D. How cinema teaches us about other cultures.
4.What is the best title for this passage?
A. The Comparison Between Cinema and Novels.
B. The Domination of Hollywood.
C. The Rise of the Cinema Stars.
D. The Power of the Big Screen.
-
What have been the big events that have__________China over the last year 2009?
| A．shaped | B．taken | C．stated | D．made |
-
The Adams family home has been taken over by origami (折纸)in all sizes and shapes. No one seems to _________ though. Those paper creations are _________ clean water projects around the world and saving lives. A messy home is a small price to pay ________
In 2011, Isabelle Adams and her sister Katherine learned that every five seconds a child died from _________ of clean water and that girls of their age couldn’t go to school _________ they were fetching water all day for their families. They _________ to do something.
“So we took something that we loved doing - folding origami, with the _________ goal to help fund a well in Ethiopia,” explains Katherine. _________ , they ended up selling out and raising far more than that to fully _________ the cost of the well.
Katherine, now 13, adds, “It just snowballed, __________ the founding of the project Paper for Water.” In eight years, this project has __________ more than 2 million for over 200 water projects in 20 different countries.
Now, the rest of the Adams family are also __________. But at the heart of it, beneath countless paper decorations sit two bold sisters hoping to __________ other girls and boys. “Kids have an incredible ability to make a real __________ to the world if they’re just given the chance,” Isabelle says, “and if people __________ them in their efforts.”
1.A.mind B.notice C.appreciate D.remember
2.A.decorating B.rewarding C.attracting D.funding
3.A.in exchange B.in turn C.in return D.in response
4.A.pollution B.loss C.lack D.waste
5.A.although B.because C.unless D.while
6.A.hesitated B.decided C.happened D.demanded
7.A.lifelong B.individual C.original D.critical
8.A.Obviously B.Unexpectedly C.Suddenly D.Gradually
9.A.spend B.fill C.offer D.cover
10.A.trying out B.depending on C.contributing to D.appealing to
11.A.saved B.borrowed C.earned D.collected
12.A.involved B.praised C.recognized D.employed
13.A.satisfy B.inspire C.inform D.comfort
14.A.judgment B.sense C.difference D.connection
15.A.support B.persuade C.welcome D.award
-
Sean has formed the habit of jogging________the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
A. between B. along C. below D. with
Over the years, cheerleading(啦啦队) has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.