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Five and a half billion people across the world live without a household toilet. Hundreds of millions of people are using facilities that are unhealthy and more than a billion people defecate (排泄) in the open.

Michael decided to take action in response to what is one of the world’s greatest public health crises. He invited 32 health workers from 16 communities in the southern Highlands of Madagascar to attend a training to organize communities to completely wipe out open defecation.

After completing the initial training, the 32 health workers returned to their towns and got to work. They met with their community and began to map out their town. Together they toured the area and pointed out every spot where people often defecate. Many of them became embarrassed after realizing the high amount of human waste in their community. They then continued to make a bill for the total costs of trips to the local health center when being treated for gastrointestinal (肠胃的) diseases. They quickly began to realize the financial involvement, besides the health risks of open defecation.

The communities began to solve the problem on their own. They considered ways to reduce the cost, by using local materials. Bamboo fences were suggested as an alternative to wooden fences. Mud could be used to build walls instead of bricks. Before Michael starting his project, 267 toilets existed for the 6,700 people living in the communities Michael aimed to reach. It was not enough at all. More than 300 additional toilets were built. He was pleasantly surprised by the enthusiasm he saw from the community towards making open defecation less.

1.What is the purpose of Michael’s project?

A. To change some people’s living traditions.

B. To help all people in poverty in the world.

C. To develop professional skills of health workers.

D. To rid many people of the habit of open defecation.

2.What motivated the communities to build toilets?

A. Michael's healthy trainings for the locals.

B. Health workers' suggestions on defecation.

C. Too many spots where people often defecate.

D. The cost on diseases caused by open defecation.

3.What do many of the locals think of open defecation after mapping out their town?

A. They take it for granted.   B. They view it as a shame.

C. They think it unimportant.   D. They value it as a tradition.

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The cost of toilets will become higher.

B. Open defecation will become less and less.

C. Most locals are still defecating in the open.

D. The locals are enthusiastic about open defecation.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题

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