The cells of humans, especially _____of the brain, can live only minutes without circulating blood.
A．that B．ones C．it D．those
高二英语单项填空中等难度题
The cells of humans, especially _____of the brain, can live only minutes without circulating blood.
A．that B．ones C．it D．those
高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Research on the human brain has been attracting the attention of more and more scientists in recent years. One of the latest research topics is how to change the human brain or combine the computer and the human brain, i.e., to transplant (移植) a chip into human brain. This innovation (创新) may make everyone’s dream come true. If we compare a human brain to a hard disc, what the scientists do is to enlarge the capacity (容量) of the hard disc. There are some difficulties in such transplant experiments, but scientists never give up.
Experiments were started on animals. In 1996, a transplant experiment performed at the Defense and Military Physiology Research Institute in the U.S. turned a bear into a dolphin.
The dolphin was named Ted, and the bear was named Tallin. Using the most advanced technology, deep and detailed studies were made of the swimming action memory area in Ted’s brain by the scientists. They got a lot of useful information. The information was saved into a button-sized chip, which was then transplanted into the action memory area in Tallin’s brain. The information saved on the chip was released by means of electric power.
Recently, another memory transplant was performed at the Motor Nerve Research Institute of the University of California. The transplant was performed from a dog named “Genius” to a dog named “Idiot”. “Genius” could understand and follow up to 100 gestures and orders made by its master. It was a real genius. “Idiot” was the younger brother of “Genius”. It had no contact with people at all since its birth. It became an animal with nothing in its brain, without any memory.
The operation was a complete success. When the two dogs woke up, “Idiot” had all the abilities “Genius” possessed. It could follow every gesture and order given by its master. But “Genius” gave no response to its master, and in fact did not recognize him at all.
1.We can learn from the passage that _____.
A. the two experiments are about memory transplants
B. the scientists exchanged the dolphin’s and the bear’s brains
C. there is no possibility of changing the human brain
D. “Idiot” got only some abilities “Genius” possessed after the experiment
2.The scientists did the two experiments to _____.
A. see if animals can be taught some special skills
B. see if animals can share some common knowledge
C. learn if it’s safe to do such transplant experiments
D. make preparative research on changing the human brain
3.The underlined sentence “The operation was a complete success” in the last paragraph means that _____.
A. the dogs exchanged their memories
B. the dogs could live as before
C. the dogs were as clever as human beings
D. the dogs were safe
4.It could be inferred from the passage that in the future _____.
A. human beings will be healthier
B. animals will be more tender
C. human beings may get knowledge more quickly
D. animals will cause more damage to the environment
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It’s difficult for doctors to help a person with a hurt brain. enough blood, the brain can live only 3 to 5 minutes. Usually doctors can’t fix the hurt such a short time.
Dr Robert White thinks he knows a of help. He thinks doctors should make the hurt brain to live for 30 minutes without blood. This gives the doctor time to do something for the brain. Dr White experimented his on fifteen monkeys. he taught them to do different jobs. Then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood go a machine. When the brains’ was 10℃,he stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes, he turned the blood back on. He the blood again. After their operations, the monkeys were almost before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the job the doctor them.
Dr White’s idea works well on monkeys. He thinks it will work on . He thinks it will help with heart problems. A person die when his heart stops; doctors can it again. The problem comes: when the brain is without blood for about 5 minutes, it . If doctors start the heart again after 5 minutes, the person has body but a dead brain. Maybe in the future, doctors will Dr White’s idea. When the person’s heart stops, the doctor will cool the brain. They will have 30 minutes to start the heart again. Maybe there will be no the brain.
1.A. Don’t have B. Without C. Having not D. Only with
2.A. for B. after C. in D. since
3.A. way B. brain C. doctor D. man
4.A. too cool B. enough cool C. cool enough D. very
5.A. a longer B. enough C. a shorter D. another
6.A. medicine B. manners C. idea D. brain
7.A. Besides B. Instead C. However D. First
8.A. to B. across C. through D. onto
9.A. heat B. temperature C. coolness D. feeling
10.A. cooled B. operated C. warmed D. stopped
11.A. the same as B. different from C. used to D. cleverer than
12.A. was taught B. was teaching C. was to teach D. had taught
13.A. other people B. human beings C. other things D. more people
14.A. doesn’t have to B. needn’t C. will be able to D. is afraid to
15.A. start B. take C. make D. begin
16.A. loses B. goes C. kills D. dies
17.A. no B. a dead C. a living D. a lively
18.A. get B. accept C. keep D. try
19.A. soon B. quickly C. slowly D. rapid
20.A. use for B. wrong with C. value to D. problem with
高二英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Research on embryonic stem cells (胚胎干细胞) is debatable because it requires the destruction of live human embryos.
Supporters find it easy to minimize the significance of this fact because the embryos are only a few days old—nothing more than “blastocysts (胚泡)”.
But if it’s OK to destroy 5-day-old embryos to further scientific inquiry, is it OK to destroy embryos that are five weeks old? Five months? Eight months? Science can’t answer that question.
You don’t have to be part of the pro-life group to have concerns about this kind of scientific research. James Thomson, the University of Wisconsin biologist has said, “If human embryonic stem cell research does not make you at least a little bit uncomfortable, you have not thought about it enough.” However, the president’s new order suggests we should not think too much.
Recently, supporters of embryonic stem cell research called on president to allow experiments using “surplus (多余的)” fifty frozen embryos in fertility clinics, arguing that they would be disposed of anyway. But Obama didn’t limit his new policy to these fertilized eggs.
On the contrary, he left open the possibility of funding studies using embryos created specifically so their cells can be harvested. He did, however, reject another option. “We will ensure,” he said, “that our government never open the door to the use of cloning for human reproduction. It is dangerous, profoundly wrong and has no place in our society, or any society.”
But this position is hard to square with his claimed approach. On one hand, the president says his policy is “about letting scientists do their jobs, free from pressure”. On the other, he will use pressure to keep them from doing reproductive cloning.
What this policy means is simple: It may be permissible for scientists to create cloned embryos and kill them. It’s not permissible to create cloned embryos and let them live. Their cells may be used for our benefit, but not for their own.
It’s the policy that is risky not just to days-old human embryos. The rest of us are sure to receive important medical benefits from this research one day. But we may lose something even more important in a moral sense.
1.It’s implied in the fourth paragraph that pro-life group ________.
A. support the research on embryonic stem cells
B. don’t agree with any kind of scientific research
C. agree with James Thomson’s opinion
D. rarely think of the consequences of embryonic stem cell research
2.The underlined phrase “square with” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. find a square tool for B. be in line with
C. quarrel with D. pay off
3.Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The author thinks there’s a big difference between a 5-day embryo and a 8-month embryo.
B. In Obama’s policy, embryonic researchers can only use surplus embryos in fertility clinics.
C. President Obama hasn’t expressed his attitude toward human reproductive cloning.
D. The research on embryonic stem cells may bring people medical benefits in the future.
4.The author thinks the policy is worrying because ______.
A. the research is against the law
B. we may suffer morally for the research
C. scientists are not really working without pressure
D. ban on human cloning is in the long run harmful to human development
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
How long can a person live?How tall can a human being grow?The Guinness（吉尼斯）World Records book lists many of the greatest records1.the greatest potentials（潜能）.But it's a fossil record.It speaks only to what has been done,not how much can2.(do),which is why it has to be constantly updated（更新）.
Take the3.(surprise )case of the British middle-distance runner Roger Bannister for example.In the 1950s, experts said4.the human body could not run a mile in less than four minutes.Then Bannister came along in 1954 and proved it could5.act be run in 3:59.4.Once Bannister broke the imaginary barrier,6.(sudden )the floodgates opened;scores of runners started besting（击败）the four-minute mark every year,each one7.(fast) than the last. How fast does a human have the ability8.(run)the mile today?We honestly don't know.That is why we hold our 9.(breathe )during every Olympics.
All we know10.(be)that this kind of change is possible.Keep this in mind the next time you feel stuck or challenged.Just because it hasn't been done before doesn't mean it's impossible.
高二英语短文填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
We spend a quarter of our lives asleep. Sleep is necessary for the body to rest, yet our brains continue to process information. Studies have shown that students are more successful when they sleep after studying–instead of pulling all-nighters–because the brain reviews information learned. Similarly, dreaming is an opportunity to work out emotional problems and form thoughts and memories. About 25 percent of the time spent sleeping is spent in rapid eye movement, or REM, sleep. This type of sleep is known for when dreams occur, but it also helps energize the brain and body.
Researchers have found two important factors regarding humans and sleep: basicsleep need and sleep debt. Basic sleep need is the amount of sleep we need to have regularly to perform at our best. Sleep debt is the loss of sleep. A few studies say that most adults function best with a basic sleep need of seven to eight hours a night. The problem is that sleep debt also factors in, just because that you meet your basic sleep needs a few nights of the week doesn’t mean it cancels out the effects of one night’s sleep debt.
Of course, everyone is different and some people require more or less sleep than the standard basic sleep need. But the real problem lies in what lack of sleep does over the long period to people who either does not meet his or her body’s needs or for one reason or another doesn’t get enough regular sleep. It is more possible for these people to have motor vehicle accidents, weight gain and risk for heart disease or diabetes (糖尿病) and may be at increased risk for psychological conditions such as depression or drug abuse. Sleeping too long also can be associated with depression and poor health.
1.Most peoplespent around ______ of the sleeping time in REM sleep?
A. One third of the time
B. More than half of the time
C. One fourth of the time
D. More than 5 hours every day
2.【Which of the following is NOT the result for lack of sleep according to the passage?
A. Car accidents. B. Putting on weight.
C. Heart problems. D. Review learning things.
3.The best title for the passage is ______.
A. Why We Need Sleep
B. REMSleep and Basic Sleep
C. Sleep Causes Problems
D. How Much Sleep We Need
4.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Students will forget what they have learned if they go to sleep immediately after study.
B. People may have an idea on how to solve an emotional problem if they have a dream.
C. It’s all right to have a night of sleep debt if you fulfill several days of basic sleep need.
D. Sleeping as long as you can is considered to be good for your health and performance.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Hearing live music is one of the most pleasurable experiences available to human beings. The music sounds great, but it sounds greater when you get to watch the musicians as they create it. No matter what kind of music you love, try listening to it live.
This guide focuses on classical music, a tradition that originated before recordings, radio, and the Internet, back when all music was live music. In those days live human beings performed for other live human beings, with everybody together in the same room. When heard in this way, classical music can have a special excitement. Hearing classical music in a concert can leave you feeling refreshed and energized. It can be fun. It can be romantic. It can be spiritual.
Classical music concerts can seem like snobby (高傲的) affairs full of foreign terms and unusual behavior. It can be hard to understand what’s going on. It can be hard to know how to act. But don’t worry. Concerts are no stranger than any other amusement, and the rules of behavior are much simpler and easier to understand than the stock market, football, or system software upgrades.
If you haven’t been to a live concert before, or if you’ve been confused by concerts, this guide will explain, so you can relax and enjoy the music.
1.From Paragraph 1, we can see that the author encourages us _______.
A. to watch the musicians to compose music
B. to experience the spirit of classical music
C. to attend live concerts and enjoy live music
D. to obtain pleasure from different kinds of music
2. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “originated” in Paragraph 2?
A. listened B. started
C. performed D. disappeared
3.The author considers that live classical music _______.
A. is full of foreign terms
C. is too difficult to understand
B. is stranger than other amusements
D. is exciting to both players and listeners
4. The passage is _____ which focuses on live classical music.
A. a review B. a conclusion
C. a summary D. an introduction
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A single night of taking the drug Ecstasy (摇头丸) can cause serious brain damage and speed up the start of Parkinson’s disease, scientists say. Just two or three Ecstasy tablets can permanently destroy brain cells that affect movement and reasoning, according to American research that links the drug to Parkinson’s for the first time.
A study by a team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, involving squirrel monkeys and baboons (狒狒) found that both species suffered permanent damage to key cells, which are lost in Parkinson’s, after receiving three low doses（剂量）of Ecstasy at three-hour periods.
The study is particularly important because baboons are one of the best animal models for the human brain. George Ricaurte, who led the research, said that the widespread abuse of drug might have caused severe damage. “The most troubling result is that young adults using Ecstasy may be increasing their risk of developing Parkinsonism as they get older.”
Alan Leshner, a former director of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse, said, “This study emphasizes the multi-aspect damage that Ecstasy causes to users. We’ve long known that repeated use damages brain cells. But this study shows that even very occasional use can have long-lasting effects on many different brain systems. It sends an important message to young people: don’t experiment with your own brain.”
Janet Betts, a mother whose teenage daughter Leah died after a single Ecstasy tablet in 1995, said, “This comes as no surprise. But people can’t see the effects at first, and they say it won’t happen to them. We’ll see the symptoms later, just as we have with smoking.”
1. The article is intended to ______.
A. explain the bad effects of drugs on people’s health
B. warn young people of the risk of taking the drug Ecstasy
C. persuade people out of such bad habits as smoking and using drugs
D. tell us the links between the drug Ecstasy and Parkinson’s disease
2. We know from the passage that a low dose of Ecstasy ______.
A. won’t cause serious brain damage
B. can permanently destroy one’s brain cells
C. will result in immediate symptoms
D. may bring on Parkinson’s at once
3.Why are squirrel monkeys and baboons involved in the experiments?
A. Because their brain is similar to human being’s.
B. Because these animals usually take drugs.
C. Because these animals will soon get well after the experiment.
D. Because there is a model in the animals’ brains.
4. The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A. Leah died after a single Ecstasy tablet in 1995
B. taking drug has the same symptoms as smoking
C. occasional use of the drug can have long-lasting effects on the brain systems
D. people have long known that repeated use of the drug damages brain cells
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Our brains work in complex and strange ways.There are some people who can calculate the day of the week for any given date in 40,000 years,but who cannot add two plus two.Others can perform complex classical piano pieces after hearing them once,but they cannot read or write.
Dr.J.Langdon Down first described this condition in 1887.He called these people idiot savants.An idiot savant is a person who has significant mental impairment（损伤）,such as in autism（孤独症，自闭症）or retardation.At the same time,the person also exhibits some extraordinary skills,which are unusual for most people.The skills of the savant may vary from being exceptionally gifted in music or in mathematics,or having a photographic memory.
One of the first descriptions of a human who could calculate quickly was written in 1789 by Dr.Benjamin Rush, an American doctor.His patient,Thomas Fuller,was brought to Virginia as a slave in 1724.It took Thomas only 90 seconds to work out that a man who has lived 70 years,17 days,and 12 hours has lived 2,210,500,800 seconds. Despite this ability,he died in 1790 without ever learning to read or write.
Another idiot savant slave became famous as a pianist in the 1860s.Blind Tom had a vocabulary of only 100 words,but he played 5,000 musical pieces beautifully.
In the excellent movie Rain Man,made in 1988 and available on video cassette,Dustin Hoffman plays an idiot savant who amazes his brother played by Tom Cruise,with his ability to perform complex calculations very rapidly.
Today we more clearly recognize that the idiot savant is special because of brain impairment.Yet not all brain impairment leads to savant skills.Some studies have shown that people who have purposeful interruption of the left side of the brain can develop idiot savant skills.However few people wish to participate in such experiments.There are many excellent reasons for not undergoing unnecessary experimentation on one's brain.The term idiot savant is outdated and inappropriate.Virtually all savants have a high degree of intelligence and are thus not idiots.
1.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Idiot savants have areas of outstanding abilities.
B. Human Beings have complicated thinking process.
C. The brains of the idiot savants are partly impaired.
D. The reasons why people have wonderful skills vary.
2.Which of the following can be done by Rain Man?
A. He can play wonderful pieces of classical music.
B. He can guess out exactly the length of a mads life.
C. He can memorize the contents of the pictures fast.
D. He can count matches dropped on the floor quickly.
3.What can you infer from the passage?
A. Idiot savants have real talents for art and math.
B. Dr.Down is the first person who found idiot savants.
C. Few people wish to risk becoming savants by brain operations.
D. Intentional left brain impairments will surely lead to idiot savants.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Five thousand years ago, people thought that illnesses were the result of evil living in human bodies. They also believed that gods and superior spirits were punishing people through diseases. The practice of magic and witchcraft (巫术) was popular among many tribes, and charms (符咒) and images of gods to drive away the evil spirits were often used.
People also started using herbal(草药的) medicine and by trial and error (反复试验，不断摸索) learned how to cure stomachaches and fevers. They had a witch doctor in the community. He would treat people with simple herbal medicine and magic. Early medicine was practiced the way north tribal Indians did hundreds of years ago and the way some tribes practice it today.
The ancient Chinese believed that the body was ruled by two forces, which they called “yin” and “yang”. The body would become ill if one force overcame the other and the balance between them was changed. Acupuncture (针刺疗法) was the way to bring back the balance between the two.
Also sand painting was an important part of Navaho medicine. The medicine man paints loosely upon the floor of an earth-covered house, where the ceremony takes place, or on a buckskin (鹿皮) or a piece of cloth, by letting the colored sands flow through his fingers with control and skill.
Ancient Mesopotamians believed that diseases come either from an evil spirit or a physical problem, such as worms. The doctor would decide from which source the illness has come from and send the patient either to a herbalist or to a witch doctor.
Egyptians had a very advanced medicine. They would sometimes rely on the god’s power to receive healing, but they also treated illnesses and operated on minor health problems like snake bites. They sucked the blood from the wound and bound the affected limb to stop the poison from spreading.
66. The practice of magic and witchcraft was popular in ancient times because ________ .
A. people could avoid being punished by gods and superior spirits by doing this.
B. people thought they could avoid getting diseases in this way.
C. people believed the evil spirits could be driven away in this way.
D. people often got diseases and this way was very effective.
67. How many places are mentioned where early medicine existed in the passage?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
68. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.
A. people can cure lots of diseases by combining herbal medicine and magic.
B. herbal medicine is so effective that it can cure all kinds of diseases.
C. witch doctors treated people only with herbal medicine.
D. people tried lots of times to cure illnesses with herbal medicine.
69. Ancient Chinese people believed that ________.
A. diseases were the result of evil living in human bodies.
B. people would fall ill if the balance in human bodies was disturbed.
C. a medicine man could cure people’s diseases by sand painting.
D. diseases not only came from evil spirits but also were physical problems
70. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. why ancient people became ill.
B. about the most advanced medicine in ancient times.
C. about the development of herbal medicine.
D. how ancient people cured their diseases.
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析