Automated cars—once a far-off dream—have in recent years left the field of science fiction and come closer to the American garage. Leading U.S. automakers say that real self-driving cars are coming within two decades and they’re fighting to stay competitive.
These advances promise relief to people sick of two-hour driving and heavy traffic, but they leave open questions for a society shaped around the automobile for the past century. Perhaps no area is more uncertain than the environmental impact of automated vehicles. One report from the Department of Energy found that automated vehicles could reduce fuel consumption(油耗) for passenger cars by as much as 90%, or increase it by more than 200%.
That’s a huge difference considering that more than a quarter of U.S. greenhouse-gas emissions(排放) come from transportation, according to an expert. And scientists say reducing that figure will be the key to dealing with man-made climate change.
“There’s a great energy influence possible,” says Jeff Gonder, a transportation researcher. “But there remains great uncertainty in the degree and even direction.”
Depending on various factors, it remains to be seen how a future with automated cars will take shape. Most importantly, researchers expect that automated cars will lead to a sharp increase in the average miles traveled by a given vehicle. Key problems with driving a car, such as tiredness, age or drunkenness(醉酒), will disappear, and car owners will be free to travel further and more frequently. Workers may choose to live even further away from the office, deciding to sleep in the car or use that time to work out in it. And, once in the city, car owners might guide their vehicle to drive around in circles rather than pay for parking.
“A lot of the uncertainty comes from not knowing how the value of people’s time is going to change,” says Don MacKenzie, a researcher at the University of Washington. “There will be some kind of cost connected with the travel, but it’s much less than it is today.”
Researchers have tried to create a model of how humans might respond to automated driving using surveys, driving data and lab experiments, but eventually the great number of choices and assumptions involved in transportation has made reaching exact conclusions about driving behavior difficult.
Engineers say that the largely accident-free vehicles can remove safety equipment, such as antilock brakes and airbags, which has increased the weight—and fuel consumption—of vehicles. Automated cars can also travel closer together, allowing them to take advantage of aerodynamics(气体力学). Trucking fleets(车队) are already trying to take advantage of this fuel-saving measure.
1.What message can we get from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A. Some automated cars have better qualities than others.
B. One automated vehicle may consume much less fuel than another.
C. We are not sure about the environmental impact of automated cars.
D. We cannot make sure of the quality of automated cars.
2.Which is not the reason for a sharp increase in the miles run by a certain self-driving car?
A. More convenient roads and fewer traffic jams.
B. Workers’ living further away from the office.
C. Choosing not to pay for parking but to drive around.
D. The disappearance of various limits on drivers.
3.The missing sentence “Besides changed driving behaviors, simple technology advances will reduce the environmental damage of automated cars” should be put at the beginning of_______.
A. Para. 5 B. Para. 6 C. Para. 7 D. Para. 8
4.After reading the passage, one may safely conclude that________.
A. self-driving cars need less safety equipment because of receiving little damage in accidents
B. those who have to drive a long distance to work are less likely to choose a self-driving car
C. with more safety equipment, automated cars are much heavier than traditional ones
D. traveling the same distance, a self-driving car consumes less fuel than a traditional one
5.The author writes this passage in order to ________.
A. remind us of a bright future about the future of automated cars
B. explain to us why self-driving cars might not need less fuel
C. argue that self-driving cars are beneficial to the environment
D. advise the readers not to be in a rush to buy an automated car
高一英语阅读理解困难题
Automated cars—once a far-off dream—have in recent years left the field of science fiction and come closer to the American garage. Leading U.S. automakers say that real self-driving cars are coming within two decades and they’re fighting to stay competitive.
These advances promise relief to people sick of two-hour driving and heavy traffic, but they leave open questions for a society shaped around the automobile for the past century. Perhaps no area is more uncertain than the environmental impact of automated vehicles. One report from the Department of Energy found that automated vehicles could reduce fuel consumption(油耗) for passenger cars by as much as 90%, or increase it by more than 200%.
That’s a huge difference considering that more than a quarter of U.S. greenhouse-gas emissions(排放) come from transportation, according to an expert. And scientists say reducing that figure will be the key to dealing with man-made climate change.
“There’s a great energy influence possible,” says Jeff Gonder, a transportation researcher. “But there remains great uncertainty in the degree and even direction.”
Depending on various factors, it remains to be seen how a future with automated cars will take shape. Most importantly, researchers expect that automated cars will lead to a sharp increase in the average miles traveled by a given vehicle. Key problems with driving a car, such as tiredness, age or drunkenness(醉酒), will disappear, and car owners will be free to travel further and more frequently. Workers may choose to live even further away from the office, deciding to sleep in the car or use that time to work out in it. And, once in the city, car owners might guide their vehicle to drive around in circles rather than pay for parking.
“A lot of the uncertainty comes from not knowing how the value of people’s time is going to change,” says Don MacKenzie, a researcher at the University of Washington. “There will be some kind of cost connected with the travel, but it’s much less than it is today.”
Researchers have tried to create a model of how humans might respond to automated driving using surveys, driving data and lab experiments, but eventually the great number of choices and assumptions involved in transportation has made reaching exact conclusions about driving behavior difficult.
Engineers say that the largely accident-free vehicles can remove safety equipment, such as antilock brakes and airbags, which has increased the weight—and fuel consumption—of vehicles. Automated cars can also travel closer together, allowing them to take advantage of aerodynamics(气体力学). Trucking fleets(车队) are already trying to take advantage of this fuel-saving measure.
1.What message can we get from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A. Some automated cars have better qualities than others.
B. One automated vehicle may consume much less fuel than another.
C. We are not sure about the environmental impact of automated cars.
D. We cannot make sure of the quality of automated cars.
2.Which is not the reason for a sharp increase in the miles run by a certain self-driving car?
A. More convenient roads and fewer traffic jams.
B. Workers’ living further away from the office.
C. Choosing not to pay for parking but to drive around.
D. The disappearance of various limits on drivers.
3.The missing sentence “Besides changed driving behaviors, simple technology advances will reduce the environmental damage of automated cars” should be put at the beginning of_______.
A. Para. 5 B. Para. 6 C. Para. 7 D. Para. 8
4.After reading the passage, one may safely conclude that________.
A. self-driving cars need less safety equipment because of receiving little damage in accidents
B. those who have to drive a long distance to work are less likely to choose a self-driving car
C. with more safety equipment, automated cars are much heavier than traditional ones
D. traveling the same distance, a self-driving car consumes less fuel than a traditional one
5.The author writes this passage in order to ________.
A. remind us of a bright future about the future of automated cars
B. explain to us why self-driving cars might not need less fuel
C. argue that self-driving cars are beneficial to the environment
D. advise the readers not to be in a rush to buy an automated car
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Cars are very popular in America. When the kids are fourteen years old, they dream of having their own ____1___. Many students take a part-time job after school to ___2___ a car. In most places ____3___ people learn to drive in high school. They have to take a ___4____ test to get a license. Learning to drive and getting a driver’s ___5___ may be one of the most exciting things in their lives. For many, that piece of paper is an important symbol(象征)that they are now grown-ups.
Americans seem to love their cars almost more than anything else. People almost never go to see a doctor when they are ____6_____. But they will take ____7____ cars to a “hospital” at the smallest sign of a problem. At weekends, people ___8___ most of the time in washing and waxing(打蜡) their cars. For some families it is not enough to have ___9___ car. They often have two or even three. Husbands need a car to go to work. Housewives need a car to go shopping or to take the children to school or ___10____ activities.
1. A．cars B．computers C．bikes D．houses
2. A．borrow B．buy C．lend D．sell
3. A．old B．tall C．strong D．young
4. A．language B．listening C．driving D．body
5. A．address B．book C．license D．name
6. A．sick B．healthy C．pleased D．angry
7. A．his B．her C．your D．their
8. A．cost B．take C．spend D．pay
9. A．no B．one C．some D．several
10. A．other B．another C．one D．else
高一英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
In recent years，Myanmar has opened its doors to western tourism．This once-closed state in Southeast Asia is a gold mine for those who enjoy the ancient Buddhist culture of the region．Compared to its neighbors，the landscape of Myanmar has been left largely undamaged．There are so many reasons why Myanmar is amazing and has been rated one of the top Asian tourist destinations for 2019．Here are some of its scenic spots：
Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon
As far as pagodas are concerned，this is one of the most respected in Myanmar．This massive325-foot Buddhist pagoda is surrounded by smaller shiny-gold pagodas．It is believed that some of the hairs of Gautama Buddha are well-preserved in here．The Shwedagon Pagoda is a must-see destination on your traveling schedule．
Long Neck Tribe of the Hill Country
These women—who are identified by their long necks that are stretched by brass neck coils(项圈)from an early age—have become world-famous．You’ll find this tribe in the mountainous north of the country，especially in Chin state．This custom dates back to ancient times when tribesmen—who were always at war with neighboring tribes—put neck coils on their women to prevent them from being taken as prisoners of war．These days，the long-necked women are used to seeing foreigners，who make the long journey to this isolated region of Myanmar for the purpose of seeing them．
Mandalay City
This dusty，hot center of trading and commerce for Myanmar is both fascinating and exciting．You’11 never find a shortage of things to do here．Temples．Medieval-era castles．Buildings from the country’s colonial British past．There are over 600 monasteries and nunneries in the Holy Hills of Sagaing，which overlook Mandalay．The city also has an exciting nightlife which will be an attraction for many．
1.What does the writer intend to tell in the passage?
A.Life styles people in Myanmar have．
B.Activities tourists can attend in Myanmar．
C.Reasons why Myanmar is suddenly popular．
D.Information about some attractions in Myanmar．
2.For what purpose were the neck coils initially used?
A.To protect women’s necks．
B.To frighten the enemies away．
C.To make women more attractive．
D.To stop women being victims of war．
3.What will impress travelers to Mandalay City most?
A.Promising commercial future． B.Architecture of different styles．
C.Shiny-gold pagodas． D.Abundance of goods in night markets．
高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
In recent years, the black bear population in the US has risen. Forests once cleared for farming have started to grow back and black bears have returned to them. But the bears are finding that their forest habitat has changed. Instead of thick forests covering thousands of acres, bears now have neighbors nearby. Roads, homes, schools, and shopping centers have been built at the edge of their forest home. And with humans and bears trying to share the same space, problems arise.
Black bears usually prefer to avoid people, but their nose may lead them into trouble. Their normal diet includes nuts, insects, and plants. But given the opportunity, they will gladly help themselves to whatever they can find.
With the great sense of smell, the bears can sniff out a tasty treat 2 or 3 miles away. Food left out in a park or backyard is an invitation to dinner. And while raiding (劫掠) a cooler, bird feeder (喂鸟器), trash can, car, or even a home, they can do a lot of damage. When that happens, people get angry. If another solution doesn’t immediately appear, they often want the bears killed.
Bear Aware, Bear Wise, and Bear Smart are trying to keep that from happening. They want people to respect bears, not fear them, and are suggesting ways to reduce the chances of bears stopping by for a snack. They’re convincing (使相信) people that by following some simple steps, it’s possible to live peacefully with our wild neighbors.
1.More black bears have appeared in the US because__________.
A．farmers have grown more food
B．forests have increased in the US
C．people stopped killing black bears
D．roads were built nearer to the forests
2.We learn from the text that black bears _________.
A．hate insects in forests B．eat different foods
C．usually live in big groups D．like to share space with humans
3.The underlined words “sniff out” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”.
A．to express a low opinion B．to find something by chance
C．to refuse something in a proud way D．to discover something by its smell
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing.
Since 2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been emerging in neighborhoods throughout the US and around the world—Little Free Libraries. The libraries are boxes put in neighborhoods from which local people can take out and put in books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes. Some libraries also have themes, focusing on books for children, adults or tour guides.
In 2009, Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library in the Mississippi River town of Hudson, Wisconsin, to honor his mother, who loved reading. When he saw the people of his community gathering around it, exchanging conversation as well as books, he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.
“We have a natural sense of wanting to be connected, but there are so many things that push us apart, " Bol told The Atlantic.
Since then, his idea has become a movement, spreading from state to state and country to country. According to Littlefreelibrary.org, there are now 18,000 of the little boxes around the world, found in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe, Africa and Asia.
The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an Atlantic article said that they are something different in a world of e-reader downloads.The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human. When you open the door of the box, chance and your neighbors tastes determine what you'll find. You might find a graphic novel, a cookbook or a tour guidebook.
For many people, this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries’ main appeal. "A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading; a man on his way to the bus stop might find a book of poetry that changes his view on life,” said The Atlantic article. "Every book is a potential source of inspiration.”
1.What can we know about Little Free Libraries?
A. When you take a book, you need to put another back.
B. Some libraries have specific themes.
C. The books in it have to be the same size.
D. Most of the books are donated by local libraries.
2.Why did Tod Bol want to build more Little Free Libraries?
A. He wanted to honor his mother.
B. He wanted to build up a sense of community.
C. He longed to promote his idea worldwide.
D. He was inspired by the sharing economy.
3.Little Free Libraries appeal to many people mainly because_____.
A. the books are more about humans
B. they can satisfy various tastes
C. they provide chances to make surprising discoveries
D. the books are free to take out and put in
4.The purpose of writing this passage is to .
A. tell us about a new form of the sharing economy
B. encourage us to read more books
C. introduce a famous library to us
D. give advice on how to build libraries
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
With the rapid development of recent years, the people, ____village I once worked in，live a happy life now.
A. who B. in whose C. whose D. in which
高一英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
The number of people who ________ access to their own cars ________ risen sharply in recent years.
A. has; has B. has; have C. have; have D. have; has
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation (住所). I suggested that they should stay at “bed and breakfast” houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories.
“We didn’t stay at bed and breakfast houses,” they said, “because we found that most families were away on holiday.”
I thought this was strange. Finally I understood what had happened. My friends spoke little English, and they thought “VACANCIES” meant “holidays”, because the Spanish word for ‘holidays” is “vacaciones”. So they did not go to house where the sign(标牌) outside said ‘VACANCLES’, which in English means there are free rooms. Then my friends went to house where the sign said ‘NO VACANCLES’, because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday. But they found that these houses were all full. As a result, they stayed at hotels!
We laughed about this and about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs. In Spanish, the word ‘DIVERSION’ means fun. In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road. When my friends saw the word ‘DIVERSION’ on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun. Instead, the road ended in a large hole（洞）.
English people have problems too when they learn foreign languages. Once in Paris when someone offered me some more coffee, I said ‘Thank you’ in French. I meant that I would like some more. However, to my surprise, the coffee pot was taken away! Later I found out that ‘Thank you’ in French means ‘No, thank you.’
1.My Spanish friends wanted advice about ______.
A. learning English
B. finding places to stay in England
C. driving their car on English roads
D. going to England by car
2.I suggested that they stay at bed and breakfast houses because ______.
A. they would be able to practise their English
B. it would be much cheaper than staying in hotels
C. it would be convenient for them to have dinner
D. there would be no problem about finding accommodation there
3. “NO VACANCIES” in English means ______.
A. no free rooms B. free rooms C. not away on holiday D. Holidays
4.If you see a road sign that says ‘Diversion’, you will ______.
A. fall into a hole
B. have a lot of fun and enjoy yourself
C. find that the road is blocked by crowds of people
D. have to take a different road
5.When someone offered me more coffee and I said ‘Thank you’ in French, I ______.
A didn’t really want any more coffee
B. wanted them to take the coffee pot away
C. really wanted some more coffee
D. wanted to express my politeness
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
When I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation. I suggested that they should stay at “bed and breakfast” houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories.
“We didn’t stay at bed and breakfast houses,” they said, “because we found that most families were away on holiday.”
I thought this was strange. Finally I understood what had happened. My friends spoke little English, and they thought “VACANCIES” meant “holidays”, because the Spanish word for “holidays” is “vacaciones”. So they did not go to house where the sign outside said “VACABCUES”, which in English means there are free rooms. Then my friends went to house where the sign said “NO VACANCIES”, because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday. But they found that these houses were all full. As a result, they stayed at hotels!
We laughed about this and about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs. In Spanish, the word “DIVERSION” means fun. In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road. When my friends saw the word ‘DIVERSION’ on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun. Instead, the road ended in a large hole.
English people have problems too when they learn foreign languages. Once in Paris, when someone offered me some more coffee, I said “Thank you” in French. I meant that I would like some more. However, to my surprise the coffee pot was taken away! Later I found out that “Thank you” in French means “No, thank you.”
1. My Spanish friends wanted advice about __________.
A. learning English
B. finding places to stay in England
C. driving their car on English roads
D. going to England by car
2. I suggested that they stay at “bed and breakfast” houses because__________.
A. they would be able to practise their English
B. it would be much cheaper than staying in hotels
C. it would be convenient for them to have dinner
D. there would be no problem about finding accommodation there
3.“NO VACANCIES” in English means__________.
A. no free rooms B. free rooms
C. not away on holiday D. holidays
4.If you see a road sign that says “Diversion” in UK, you will__________.
A. fall into a hole
B. have a lot of fun and enjoy yourself
C. find that the road is blocked by crowds of people
D. have to take a different road
5.When someone offered me more coffee and I said “Thank you” in French, I__________.
A. didn’t really want any more coffee
B. wanted them to take the coffee pot away
C. really wanted some more coffee
D. wanted to express my politeness
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Snake dishes have become popular in recent years. Snakes meat in 1. (vary) flavors(风味) is often seen in restaurant ads. 2.(eat) snake seems to be now in vogue(盛行), and if you haven't eaten snake yet, you 3. (consider) “out of date”. But I wonder 4. all the trends are worth following. Some people may defend(辩护) themselves 5. saying that snake meat is nutritious. But these people don't realize that many parasites(寄生虫)which do 6.harmful) to our health are found inside snakes.
According to a survey, about 1000 tons of snakes are eaten every year in China and sometimes as 7. (more) as tons of snakes are served on dinner tables in Shenzhen in a single day!
These figures warn us that if no action is taken, 8. number of snakes will drop and make an increase in mice and worms population, 9. will result in a decrease of crop output. Who will see such tragedy happen?
So let's start not to eat snakes any more because “to protect the snake is to protect 10.”.
高一英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析