Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. “Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions
3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks
高三英语阅读理解困难题
Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. “Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress. This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
2. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions
3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A.keep rewards better in their memory
B.recall consequences more effortlessly
C.make risky decisions more frequently
D.learn a subject more effectively
2.According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A.ways of making choices B.preference for pleasure
C.tolerance of punishments D.responses to suggestions
3.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A.women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B.men have a greater tendency to slow down
C.women focus more on outcomes
D.men are more likely to take risks
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
His conclusion, ______ on careful research, was acceptable.
A.to base B.to be based C.basing D.based
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读填空(共1小题)
Based on recent researches.distance.1earning is slowly proving as1. (value)as the traditional campus.based form.It is a fixed truth that this form of learning is2.________ the increase.Moreover, both students and teachers have expressed their 3.________ (happy)with these courses.The best part of distance learning courses is their flexible format.Students can continue4. (work)and study at the same time without any kind of difficulty.You will 5. (provide)with the facilities of a virtual(虚拟的)classroom and a virtual campus.Anyone 6. upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.With an online study format,the tests and notes can be 7. (access)with just a mouse click from your home computer.However, a student 8. (attend)an online course must take the time management9. (serious).Every online student must keep10. in mind that proper management of time and study schedule is the key towards success in this format.
高三英语填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but________ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. either D. Neither
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _________contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none
C. either D. Neither
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Base your research on ____ evidence, or its conclusions will be doubtful.
A.fierce B.severe C.solid D.potential
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(仅限1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Based on recent researches. Distance-1earning is slowly proving as 1.______ (value) as the traditional campus-based form. It is a fixed truth that this form of learning is 2._____ the increase. Moreover, both students and teachers have expressed their 3.___________(happy) with these courses. The best part of distance learning courses is their flexible format. Students can continue 4.__________ (work) and study at the same time without any kind of difficulty. You will 5._________ (provide) with the facilities of a virtual(虚拟的) classroom and a virtual campus. Anyone 6.____ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses. With an online study format, the tests and notes can be 7._______ (access) with just a mouse click from your home computer. However, a student 8.________ (attend) an online course must take the time management 9._________ (serious). Every online student must keep 10.___ in mind that proper management of time and study schedule is the key towards success in this format.
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Based on recent researches.distance.1earning is slowly proving as 1.________ (value)as the traditional campus.based form.It is a fixed truth that this form of learning is 2. the increase.Moreover, both students and teachers have expressed their 3. (happy)with these courses.The best part of distance learning courses is their flexible format.Students can continue 4. (work)and study at the same time without any kind of difficulty.You will5. (provide)with the facilities of a virtual(虚拟的)classroom and a virtual campus.Anyone6. upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.With an online study format,the tests and notes can be 7. (access)with just a mouse click from your home computer.However, a student 8. (attend)an online course must take the time management9. (serious).Every online student must keep 10. in mind that proper management of time and study schedule is the key towards success in this format.
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Based on recent researches.distance.1earning is slowly proving as1. (value)as the traditional campus.based form.It is a fixed truth that this form of learning is2. the increase.Moreover, both students and teachers have expressed their 3. (happy)with these courses.The best part of distance learning courses is their flexible format.Students can continue 4. (work)and study at the same time without any kind of difficulty.You will 5. (provide)with the facilities of a virtual(虚拟的)classroom and a virtual campus.Anyone 6. upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses.With an online study format,the tests and notes can be 7. (access)with just a mouse click from your home computer.However, a student 8. (attend)an online course must take the time management9. (serious).Every online student must keep10. in mind that proper management of time and study schedule is the key towards success in this format.
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析