In the late 1950s, a Russian geneticist called Dmitry K. Belyaev attempted to create a tame (驯化的) fox population. Through the work of a breeding programme at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics at Novosibirsk, in Russia, he sought to find the evolutionary pathway of tame animals. His test subjects were silver-black foxes, a melanistic (带黑色的) version of the red fox that had been bred in farms for the color of their fur.
He selected the animals based on how they responded when their cage was opened. About 10% of the foxes displayed a weak “wild-response”, meaning they were docile around humans. Those that hid in the corner or made aggressive voices were left in the farm. Of those friendly foxes, 100 females and 30 males were chosen as the first generations of parents.
When the young foxes were born, the researchers hand-fed them. They also attempted to touch or pet the foxes when they were two to two-and-a-half months old, for strictly measured periods at a time. If the young foxes continued to show aggressive response, even after significant human contact, they were thrown away from the population—meaning they were made into fur coats. In each selection, less than 10% of tame individuals were used as parents of the next generation.
By the fourth generation, the scientists started to see dramatic changes. The young foxes were beginning to behave more like dogs. They wagged their tails and “eagerly” sought contact with humans. By 2005-2006, almost all the foxes were playful, friendly and behaving like domestic dogs. The foxes could “read” human hints and respond correctly to gestures or glances.
1.What do we know about Belyaev’s breeding plan?
A. It explains how red foxes were bred.
B. It focuses on how tame animals evolved.
C. It explains why pet foxes became popular.
D. It concentrates on why tame animals disappeared.
2.How did he choose his test foxes in the experiment?
A. By appearance.
B. By color.
C. By reaction.
D. By flexibility.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. Smart foxes were used for testing.
B. The purpose of selection was unclear.
C. Friendly foxes were kept on testing.
D. The selection was not exact and thorough.
4.What is the distinguishing characteristic of the fourth generation foxes?
A. Behaving in a friendlier way.
B. Eating plants.
C. Having drooping ears.
D. Having shortened legs.
高三英语阅读理解困难题
In the late 1950s, a Russian geneticist called Dmitry K. Belyaev attempted to create a tame (驯化的) fox population. Through the work of a breeding programme at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics at Novosibirsk, in Russia, he sought to find the evolutionary pathway of tame animals. His test subjects were silver-black foxes, a melanistic (带黑色的) version of the red fox that had been bred in farms for the color of their fur.
He selected the animals based on how they responded when their cage was opened. About 10% of the foxes displayed a weak “wild-response”, meaning they were docile around humans. Those that hid in the corner or made aggressive voices were left in the farm. Of those friendly foxes, 100 females and 30 males were chosen as the first generations of parents.
When the young foxes were born, the researchers hand-fed them. They also attempted to touch or pet the foxes when they were two to two-and-a-half months old, for strictly measured periods at a time. If the young foxes continued to show aggressive response, even after significant human contact, they were thrown away from the population—meaning they were made into fur coats. In each selection, less than 10% of tame individuals were used as parents of the next generation.
By the fourth generation, the scientists started to see dramatic changes. The young foxes were beginning to behave more like dogs. They wagged their tails and “eagerly” sought contact with humans. By 2005-2006, almost all the foxes were playful, friendly and behaving like domestic dogs. The foxes could “read” human hints and respond correctly to gestures or glances.
1.What do we know about Belyaev’s breeding plan?
A. It explains how red foxes were bred.
B. It focuses on how tame animals evolved.
C. It explains why pet foxes became popular.
D. It concentrates on why tame animals disappeared.
2.How did he choose his test foxes in the experiment?
A. By appearance.
B. By color.
C. By reaction.
D. By flexibility.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. Smart foxes were used for testing.
B. The purpose of selection was unclear.
C. Friendly foxes were kept on testing.
D. The selection was not exact and thorough.
4.What is the distinguishing characteristic of the fourth generation foxes?
A. Behaving in a friendlier way.
B. Eating plants.
C. Having drooping ears.
D. Having shortened legs.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
It _______ be freezing cold sometimes in spring in the south. It's called cold in the late spring.
A.shall B.will C.may D.can
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Melinda Skaar wasn't expecting any phone calls. Skaar was working late in her office at the First Internet bank of California. By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the phone rang. Picking it up, she heard a guard shouting, “There is a fire! Get out of there.” Skaar didn't panic. She figured that it was just a small fire. Her office building was huge. There were 62 floors and her desk was on the 37th floor. Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas, who also stayed late to work. But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.
Then they called 911. Before they could call their families, however, the line went dead. That meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world. All they could do was wait and hope someone would come to rescue them.
Minutes ticked by. Smoke began to float into the office. Soon it became hard for them to breathe. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there. That helped for a while, but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly smoke. Hopeless, they tried to break the windows, but the glass was not breakable. Everything they threw at it just bounced back. Defeated, they struggled back to the workroom. They felt weak and dizzy. Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.
As Skaar and Oksas lay near death, rescuers were rushing to find them. At last, at about 4 a.m., firefighters found them.
Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive. Sunday is my birthday, Skaar told a reporter. She would be turning 29, but she knew she had already got the best present possible—the gift of life.
1.What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?
A. they tried to run down the stairs. B. they called their families.
C. they waited where they were. D. they rushed back and shut the door.
2.The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire except .
A. calling 911 for help
B. shutting the door and keeping the smoke out with a jacket
C. breaking the windows to get some fresh air
D. crowding in a small workroom for clean air
3.what can we conclude from Skaar's action in the fire?
A. she was trained as a firefighter
B. she was cleverer than Oksas
C. she had had the experience of being caught in fire.
D. she remained calm in the face of danger
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
SHANGHAI - Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families, 50 percent in public places, and almost 6 percent on public transportation, shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.
"Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking," said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
"Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke."
Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.
Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally as quickly as their peers.
Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke-filled household, where one or both parents smoke.
"Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally 'smoke free' home," said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke, 180 million of them younger than 15.The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.
"There are more young smokers than before.You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street.Some of them are even female students," said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.
"Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents.If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle," Jin said.
Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers.Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
B.Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.
C.More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.
D.Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.
2.What kind of the youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?
A.Children of non-smoking mothers. B.Children of non-smoking fathers.
C.Children of heavy smokers. D.Children from some smoking centers.
3.Which of the following disease may not be connected with secondhand smoking?
A.Cancer. B.Behavioral problems. C.Sore throats. D.Coughs.
4.The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph but one most probably means ___________.
A.complete B.simple C.great D.bad
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.About 80% of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.
B.About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
C.About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.
D.Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
SHANGHAI - Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families, 50 percent in public places, and almost 6 percent on public transportation, shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.
"Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking," said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
"Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke."
Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.
Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally as quickly as their peers.
Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke-filled household, where one or both parents smoke.
"Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally 'smoke free' home," said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke, 180 million of them younger than 15. The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.
"There are more young smokers than before. You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street. Some of them are even female students," said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.
"Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents. If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle," Jin said.
Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers. Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
B. Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.
C. More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.
D. Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.
2.What kind of the youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?
A. Children of non-smoking mothers. B. Children of non-smoking fathers.
C. Children of heavy smokers. D. Children from some smoking centers.
3. Which of the following disease may not be connected with secondhand smoking?
A. Cancer. B. Behavioral problems. C. Sore throats. D. Coughs.
4. The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph but one most probably means ___________.
A. complete B. simple C. great D. bad
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. About 80% of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.
B. About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
C. About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.
D. Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
SHANGHAI - Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families, 50 percent in public places, and almost 6 percent on public transportation, shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.
"Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking," said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
"Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke."
Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats, and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.
Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not develop mentally as quickly as their peers.
Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke-filled household, where one or both parents smoke.
"Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally 'smoke free' home," said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke, 180 million of them younger than 15.The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.
"There are more young smokers than before.You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street.Some of them are even female students," said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.
"Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents.If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle," Jin said.
Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers.Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
B.Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.
C.More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.
D.Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.
2.What kind of the youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?
A.Children of non-smoking mothers. B.Children of non-smoking fathers.
C.Children of heavy smokers. D.Children from some smoking centers.
3.Which of the following disease may not be connected with secondhand smoking?
A.Cancer. B.Behavioral problems. C.Sore throats. D.Coughs.
4.The underlined word “vicious” in the last paragraph but one most probably means ___________.
A.complete B.simple C.great D.bad
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.About 80% of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.
B.About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
C.About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.
D.Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
D
Trapped on the 37th Floor
Melinda Skaar wasn’t expecting any phone calls.Skaar was working late in her office at the First Interstate bank of California.By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the phone rang.
Picking it up,she heard a guard shouting.“There is a fire! Get out of there!”
Skaar didn’t panic.She figured that it was just a small fire.Her office building was huge.There were 62 floors and her desk was on the 37th floor.
Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas,who also stayed late to work.But when they got to the hallway,they were met by a cloud of black smoke.Rushing back,Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.
Then they called 911.Before they could call their families,however,the line went dead.That meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world.All they could do was wait and hope someone would come to rescue them.
Minutes ticked by.Smoke began to float into the office.Soon it became hard for them to breathe.
Looking around,Skaar noticed a small workroom.It seemed to have cleaner air.So they crowded there.That helped for a while,but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly smoke.
Hopeless,they tried to break the windows,but the glass was not breakable.Everything they threw at just bounced back.
Defeated,they struggled back to the workroom.They felt weak and dizzy .Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.
As Skaar and Oksas lay near death,rescuers were rushing to find them.At last,at about 4 a.m.,firefighters found them.
Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive.“Sunday is my birthday,” Skaar told a reporter.She would be turning 29.But she knew she had already got the best present possible——the gift of life.
1.What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?
A.They called their families.
B.They waited where they were.
C.They tried to run down the stairs.
D.They rushed back and shut the door.
2.The first sentence of the passage is to ____________.
A.introduce Skaar
B.get the reader’s attention
C.explain the cause of the event
D.tell the background information
3.The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire except _____________.
A.calling 911 for help
B.breaking the windows to get some fresh air
C.crowding in a small workroom for clean air
D.shutting the door and keeping the smoke out with a jacket
4.What can we conclude from Skaar’s action in the fire?
A.She is cleverer than Oksas.
B.She was trained as a firefighter.
C.She remained calm in the face of danger.
D.She had had the experience of being caught in fire.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Trapped on the 37th Floor
Melinda Skaar wasn't expecting any phone calls.Skaar was working late in her office at the First Interstate bank of California.By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the phone rang.
Picking it up,she heard a guard shouting.“There is a fire! Get out of there!”
Skaar didn’t panic.She figured that it was just a small fire.Her office building was huge.There were 62 floors and her desk was on the 37th floor.
Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas.who also stayed late to work.But when they got to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke.Rushing back,Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.
Then they called 911.Before they could call their families,however, the line went dead.That meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world.All they could do was wait and hope someone would come to rescue them.
Minutes ticked by.Smoke began to float into the office.Soon it became hard for them to breathe.
Looking around,Skaar noticed a small workroom.It seemed to have cleaner air.So they crowded there.That helped for a while,but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly smoke.
Hopeless,they tried to break the windows,but the glass was not breakable.Everything they threw at just bounced back.
Defeated,they struggled back to the workroom.They felt weak and dizzy.Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.
As Skaar and Oksas lay near death,rescuers were rushing to find them.At last,at about 4 a.m.,firefighters found them.
Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive.“Sunday is my birthday,”Skaar told a reporter. She would be turning 29.But she knew she had already got the best present possible—the gift of life.
1.What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?
A.They called their families.
B.They waited where they were.
C.They rushed back and shut the door.
D.They tried to run down the stairs.
2.The first sentence of the passage is to_________.
A.get the reader’s attention
B.introduce Skaar and Oksas
C.explain the cause of the event
D.tell the background information.
3.The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire EXCEPT_______.
A.calling 911 for help
B.breaking the windows to get some fresh air
C.crowding in a small workroom for clean air
D.shutting the door and keeping the smoke out with a jacket
4.What can we conc1ude from Skaar’s action in the fire?
A.She is cleverer than Oksas.
B.She was trained as a firefighter.
C.She remained calm in the face of danger.
D.She had had the experience of being caught in fire.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
1
My mother is a geneticist, and from her I learned that despite our differences in size, shape and color, we humans are 99.9 percent the same. It is in our 36 to see differences: skin, hair and eye color, height, language. But also in our nature, way down in the DNA that 37 us human, we are almost the 38 .
I believe there is more that unites us than 39 us.
My mother came to the US from India. She is 40 enough that she got her service 41 in a diner in 1960s Dallas. My father is a white boy from Indiana whose 42 came from Germany in the mid-1800s.
It seems 43 to admit now, but I never 44 that my parents were different colors. One day, I watched my parents walk 45 the street of our church together. They were 46 in the service that day, and as they walked, I saw their hands 47 together in unison(一致地). I noticed for the first time how dark my mother was, and how white my father was. I knew them as my parents 48 I realized their skin color. I'm sorry to say that now when I see a mixed-race 49 walking down the street, I see the "mixed race" first and the "couple" second.
When my parents married in 1966, there were 50 places in this country that had laws 51 mixed marriage. 52 , my white grandfather, 53 father had been a typical racist, was not against their marriage.
Some of us are men, some are women. Some are young, some old. Some of us are short and others 54 . Some right-handed, some left-handed. We have lots of differences; we are all 55 . But deep down inside us, down in our DNA, we are 99.9 percent the same. And I believe we need to remember that.
1.A. feature B. character C. nature D. quality
2.A. gets B. lets C. has D. makes
3.A. same B. different C. familiar D. similar
4.A. differs B. divides C. departs D. splits
5.A. yellow B. white C. dark D. brown
6.A. turned out B. turned down C. turned over D. turned back
7.A. ancestors B. parents C. family D. origin
8.A. silly B. wise C. stupid D. foolish
9.A. noticed B. looked C. watched D. observed
10.A. in B. up C. out D. down
11.A. entering B. running C. attending D. participating
12.A. rocking B. shaking C. swinging D. waving
13.A. unless B. after C. before D. until
14.A. marriage B. couple C. double D. twins
15.A. always B. also C. almost D. still
16.A. allowing B. preventing C. encouraging D. banning
17.A. Therefore B. However C. But D. Otherwise
18.A. which B. whose C. that D. what
19.A. long B. high C. tall D. kind
20.A. similar B. familiar C. unique D. same
高三英语简单题查看答案及解析
Sixteen brave runners recently gathered in the Russian village of Oymyakon, also known as the world’s pole of cold, to compete in the coldest official race in history.
Oymyakon is the coldest permanently inhabited place on Earth, with temperatures constantly dropping to under -50 degrees Celsius in winter time. This place is so cold that a person’s unprotected face can suffer frostbite(冻伤) in a matter of second. Oymyakon can barely be called livable, let alone suitable for a marathon, and yet at the beginning of this year, 16 runners gathered here to take part in a series of extreme races.
On January 5, the brave runners — aged 21 to 71 and very well-trained — competed in bone-chilling marathons for 5, 10, 20, 30 and 42 kilometers across the frozen taiga(泰加森林) of central Yakutia. At the start of the run, the air temperature was an almost unbearable -52 degrees Celsius, and by the time the first and only runner reached the 39km mark, it had increased to -48 degrees Celsius.
“We could see entire amazement in the eyes of tourists who traveled here from Australia, Taiwan, Japan and India to watch the world’s coldest race,” runner Sargylana Neustroyeva told The Siberian Times. “This was our first try at organizing the extremely cold marathon. Next year we are definitely doing another race, and all athletes from around the world are welcome!”
“We wanted to make running in -450C and colder more popular, and to show that athletes can adapt to extremely low temperatures” champion runner Yegor Abramov added.
The world’s coldest race was organized by Alexander Krylov, head of Turuu Tour agency. He plans to do it again next year, hopefully with more brave runners able to endure the extreme winter temperatures of Oymyakon.
1.What can we learn about Oymyakon?
A.It’s a Russian village with people living there normally.
B.It’s a Russian village often for runners to try cold marathon.
C.There are no plants growing around the village.
D.Many tourists from around the world come here to spend winter.
2.Why did the sixteen runners hold the coldest race?
A.To make a new record for the running races.
B.To challenge their body limit in the cold climate.
C.To make running in low temperature popular.
D.To help promote the tourism in Oymyakon.
3.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.The World Pole of Cold B.Sixteen Brave Runners
C.An Icy Journey D.The World’s Coldest Race
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析