When you look in the mirror, you see yourself. That puts you in the company of animals like dolphins, elephants and chimpanzees. The mirror test is often used as a way of measuring whether animals have self-awareness. And an animal that is aware of itself has a high level of intelligence. Now, a species of fish - the cleaner wrasse - has also spotted its reflection.
Alex Jordan, a biologist at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, is one of the researchers of the study on cleaner wrasse consciousness. He and his team conducted many tests that show the fish does seem to recognize its reflection - when the researchers added a colored mark to its body, the fish would even try to remove the mark upon catching sight of it in the mirror. It seems to indicate the clever fish species has some sense of self or individuality.
But Jordan said, “I’m the last to say that the cleaner wrasse is as smart as chimpanzees.” Instead, he believes that the measure scientists have used for nearly 50 years is imperfect.
One problem with the test, for example, is that it uses vision to measure self-awareness. Yet not all animals rely on sight to recognize themselves. It may well be that a bat, for example, which depends on sonar (声波定位) to get around, is self-conscious. Elephants, while able to pass the mirror test, rely more heavily on smell than on sight.
Consciousness in humans or animals is not easy to measure or understand. Philosophers and scientists have long wrestled with the questions of how a sense of self is assessed, and how it relates to physical processes. Jordan believes the cleaner wrasse is self-cognizant (自我知晓的), but not the same extent (程度) as a human. This means scientists need to reconsider whether some concepts centered on humans can be used in understanding animals.
1.The study on the cleaner wrasse made Alex Jordan .
A.doubt whether the mirror test is reliable
B.discover the secret about the fish’s sight
C.develop a better method to replace the mirror test
D.believe the cleaner wrasse is as smart as chimpanzees
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined part “wrestled with” ?
A.Presented with. B.Ended with.
C.Agreed with. D.Struggled with.
3.What can we learn from the text?
A.It is relatively easy to test animals' consciousness.
B.Some concepts for humans can’t be applied to animals.
C.Animals rely on at least two senses to get to know themselves.
D.More mirror tests are needed to prove the cleaner wrasse is self-aware.
高三英语阅读选择困难题
When you look in the mirror, you see yourself. That puts you in the company of animals like dolphins, elephants and chimpanzees. The mirror test is often used as a way of measuring whether animals have self-awareness. And an animal that is aware of itself has a high level of intelligence. Now, a species of fish - the cleaner wrasse - has also spotted its reflection.
Alex Jordan, a biologist at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, is one of the researchers of the study on cleaner wrasse consciousness. He and his team conducted many tests that show the fish does seem to recognize its reflection - when the researchers added a colored mark to its body, the fish would even try to remove the mark upon catching sight of it in the mirror. It seems to indicate the clever fish species has some sense of self or individuality.
But Jordan said, “I’m the last to say that the cleaner wrasse is as smart as chimpanzees.” Instead, he believes that the measure scientists have used for nearly 50 years is imperfect.
One problem with the test, for example, is that it uses vision to measure self-awareness. Yet not all animals rely on sight to recognize themselves. It may well be that a bat, for example, which depends on sonar (声波定位) to get around, is self-conscious. Elephants, while able to pass the mirror test, rely more heavily on smell than on sight.
Consciousness in humans or animals is not easy to measure or understand. Philosophers and scientists have long wrestled with the questions of how a sense of self is assessed, and how it relates to physical processes. Jordan believes the cleaner wrasse is self-cognizant (自我知晓的), but not the same extent (程度) as a human. This means scientists need to reconsider whether some concepts centered on humans can be used in understanding animals.
1.The study on the cleaner wrasse made Alex Jordan .
A.doubt whether the mirror test is reliable
B.discover the secret about the fish’s sight
C.develop a better method to replace the mirror test
D.believe the cleaner wrasse is as smart as chimpanzees
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined part “wrestled with” ?
A.Presented with. B.Ended with.
C.Agreed with. D.Struggled with.
3.What can we learn from the text?
A.It is relatively easy to test animals' consciousness.
B.Some concepts for humans can’t be applied to animals.
C.Animals rely on at least two senses to get to know themselves.
D.More mirror tests are needed to prove the cleaner wrasse is self-aware.
高三英语阅读选择困难题查看答案及解析
I’d like to share a little story with you about something that happened when I was four. I remember it clearly. Our loving family dog was nearing the end of his life. My father picked him up and put him in a little bed we had made for him. Our dog, my companion, whom we had cared for, bit my father when he attempted to help him. How could he? Why? I couldn’t understand it. I didn’t like him anymore.
I hadn’t thought about that story for a long time but something that happened last week brought it back to me. I went to speak with a friend. When I knocked on the door, I met in an instant an angry look and a few harsh(尖刻的)words. When the door was slammed(砰地关上)in my face, I stood there shocked, and in a rush, I was reminded of my dog bit my father 20 years ago or so. What brought that story back was that same feeling of betrayal.
Both stories taught me something the next day. You see, when I got up in the morning and was told my dog had died, it became clear to me that he must have been in great pain. For him to have bitten a family member, he could not have been himself. Much the same for the other story when I learned that my friend’s wife had just left him.
We are all beings of our environments, our opinions and feelings. And all of those things can cause you to say and do things that can’t be understood by those who are not in the same situation with you.
If you meet someone either behaving out of character or acting in a way that doesn’t seem to fit the situation, put out your hand and be patient when you think it is least possible for him to do so. You may turn around a story that has a sad ending simply by your actions.
1.What is the influence of the incident mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A.It hurt his father’s feeling deeply. B.It has puzzled the author ever since.
C.It left a deep impression on the author. D.It made the author dislike dogs.
2.Why did the author’s friend say harsh words to the author?
A.He was ill-tempered.
B.He was suffering the pain of losing his wife.
C.He was bothered by an unexpected visit.
D.They once quarreled and he couldn’t forgive the author.
3.What conclusion did the author get from the two stories?
A.Misunderstanding should be removed in time.
B.Sometimes one will be hurt without any reason.
C.Many people think more of themselves and less of others.
D.Many factors will affect one's behavior.
4.What’s the author’s advice to us?
A.Help those in need.
B.Look before you leap.
C.Respect for others is a kind of virtue.
D.Learn to put yourself in others’ shoes.
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Much meaning can be conveyed clearly with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.
1.In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he sensed that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable.
The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. 2.. Eyes do speak, right?
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive.3.. If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention, and let her know that he is admiring her.
However, when two persons are engaged in a conversation, the speaker will only look into the listener’s eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking.4. If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if he is trying to control you, you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim.
5. On the contrary, it will give him away.
Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationship and situation.
A.If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way.
B.That’s what normal eye contact is all about.
C.Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only.
D.Do you have such a kind of experience?
E.But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.
F.He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.
G.After all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
During a conversation with someone, you've probably had to compete for their attention with a technological device and lost. Maybe the person in front of you diverted their attention to their latest ''urgent" notifications. They' ve probably even interrupted your conversation to answer a call, answer a text message, or check their social media.
Clinical psychologist and sociologist Sherry Turkle has conducted extensive research on the subject that she shared in her book Reclaiming Conversation: The Power of Talk in a Digital Age(2015). In this book, she stated that teenagers have reduced their empathetic capacity by 40%,as well as their ability to engage in deep conversation, and that cell phones are to blame.
Nowadays, a large part of social and work related interactions occur through electronic means, such as computers, phones, and tablets. Face- to-face conversations have been relegated to the background, and some people even see them as a waste of time. If you have to solve a business problem, you send an email. If you want to ask for forgiveness, you write a text message.
Since facing conflict or emotional situations can generate anxiety, new technologies offer the possibility of reducing some of it. Young people justify using new forms of communication as an easier and faster way to express their thoughts. They say that mobile devices allow them to rewrite what they want to say, correct mistakes, or avoid tense situations that they wouldn't know how to solve in person.
The problem is that screens don't allow us to enjoy one of the most enriching part of conversation: non-verbal language. We miss out on gestures, intonation, looks, and real emotions. This is quite worrying because, according to experts, 70% of communication is non-verbal.
Human interaction has been replaced with “memes" or emoticons. It's even hard for people to maintain deep conversations for extended periods of time. As a result, humans now have a lot of difficulties in managing their emotions, facing difficulties, and carrying out responsibilities. If you don't share content on the Internet, it's like you don't exist. If you don't share your vacation on social media, people may believe that you didn't actually take it or that you didn't enjoy it, Therefore, what you share is a reflection of who you claim to be, but not who you really are.
Under these circumstances, it's harder to empathize with others and put yourself in their shoes to try to understand their emotions and thoughts. The world is becoming purely visual and superficial.
People build and reinforce their connections during face to-face conversations. This is because you can see how the other person feels and listen to their ideas and concerns. You can empathize with them because you can see their joy or suffering with your own eyes.
Deep, personal conversations awaken emotions inside you. They give you a space to open up and vent, to be heard and respected.
1.We can infer from Para.2 that the book.
A.stresses the importance of face to-face conversation
B.explains teenagers' ability to engage in deep conversation
C.analyzes the reasons for competing for others' attention
D.regards face to-face conversation as a waste of time
2.The underlined word ''non—verbal" in Para. 5 probably means
A.foreign B.spoken C.written D.sign
3.The author would agree that social media platforms.
A.promote deep personal conversations
B.help to put yourself in others' shoes
C.don't necessarily show people's true emotions
D.build connections because you can see joys and sorrows of others
高三英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析
Put yourself in situations where you will be forced to communicate in English, you will see more progress over time.
A.or B.so C.yet D.and
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
Put yourself in situations where you're forced to communicate in English, ______ you'll see more progress over time.
A.until B.or C.but D .and
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Tips for Great Language Exchanges
● What to ask yourself
The first step is to ask yourself some important questions. The most important question to ask yourself is why you want to learn the language. 1.
● Find the right partner
There are hundreds of partners to choose from in the language you want to learn. 2. When reading profiles, look for some important signs. People who have been on the site and have been active are much more likely to be good partners than those who have been on the site for a week and don't really have their profile filled out and haven't been active. Another thing to keep in mind is that it is better to find at least two exchange partners. 3.
● State your expectations
4. Expressing expectations in advance will give the partnership a higher chance of going well. Avoid being too strict. For example, if you're hoping for Wednesday nights every week, you'll have better luck if you state other times that also could work for you.
● 5.
Before each meeting, prepare some questions on a topic of your choice. That will give you the chance to look up related words as well as think about your own answers. Preparing topics ahead of time will also help you avoid having nothing to say at your meetings. Otherwise, you'll find that you keep talking about the same things at every meeting, which you want to avoid.
A.Get fully prepared.
B.Avoid having nothing to express.
C.Some of them may give you a hand.
D.So how can you find the right partner?
E.People lead busy lives and one person may not be available every week.
F.Another question to ask yourself is how much free time you really have.
G.Once you find a person who seems like a good fit, be clear about what your expectations are.
高三英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
Will you see to ______ that my birds are well looked after while I am away?
A. them B. yourself C. it D. me
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
What’s a “gift”? If you look it up in the dictionary, you’ll see that it’s another word for a present. For example, “They brought him some gifts.” However, if you’re German, “gift” means something completely different: poison!
This word “gift” is an example of a false friend--- a word that looks the same in two languages, but which actually has two different meanings. As English is basically a mixture of German, French and Latin, there are many words that are similar in these languages. For example, the English word “education” is “education” in Spanish. And the English words “word, book, nine, house” are “Wort, Buch, Neun, Haus” in german.
These similar-looking words can be very helpful when learning other languages --- they’re our “friends”. However, sometimes they can turn out or be “false friends”. Here are a few examples.
In English, someone who is “sensible” thinks before they act and shows good judgement. For example , “The sensible thing to do would be to consult a lawyer.” However, in Spanish, “sensible ” means “sensitive” (showing understanding of other people’s problems, needs or feelings).
The English word “coin” refers to a piece of money made of metal. For example, “I had a few coins in my pocket.” But the French word “coin” means “corner”.
The English word “library” is a place where you can go to borrow books. For example, “I borrowed six books from the library.” But the Spanish word “libreria” refers to a bookshop (where you buy books).
The English word “actually” means “in fact”. For example, “Actually I’m not Italian, I’m form American.” But the Spanish word “actualmente” means “currently” or “at the moment”.
Finally, the English word “embarrassed” means “ashamed”. For example, “They looked a bit embarrassed.” However, the Spanish term “embarazada” means “pregnant” (with a child).
1. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that English _______.
A. is easy to master
B. is simpler than Spanish
C. has a complex background
D. has changed greatly throughout history
2. Which of the following pairs of words are true friends according to the author?
A. Nine and Neun. B. Library and libreria.
C. Actually and actualmente. D. Embarrassed and embarazada.
3. According to the text, in Spanish ______.
A. “coin” means “corner”
B. “gift” refers to something negative
C. “educacion” simply means “book”
D. “sensible” doesn’t necessarily means “wise”
4. The author develops the text mainly by ______.
A. following the order of space B. comparing different ideas
C. providing typical examples D. analyzing the cause and effect
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Can it be in the drawer ________ you put your keys?
A.where B.that C.what D.when
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析