Researchers study television to understand its effects on viewers and to measure its effectiveness in selling products. Much of the research on TV audiences is market research, paid for by companies with something to sell. Let me repeat; research on television is supported largely by advertisers.
The television industry depends on advertising money to run, and this relationship influences what television offers viewers. Advertisers aim to reach mass audiences and particular social groups. In turn, the television tries to meet the needs of advertisers, because pleasing the advertisers is nearly as important as pleasing the public. This means advertisers have a lot of control over what programs are made and when they are shown.
Television is the most effective marketing tool ever created. Many advertisement apply basic psychology（心理学）by sort of turning to our insecurities and desires. Ads convince us that the things we once thought were luxuries（奢侈）are now necessities. Television is highly programed as well. Using expert market research, programmers and advertisers sort to paint a picture of life centered on material possessions. This kind of life may look attractive and desirable, but it’s all at the expense of personal relationships.
As you probably can tell, I prefer to agree with critics（评论家）of the media. Advertising does create false needs, and products we really need don’t require advertising. Television advances consumerism（消费至上）. It shows us things, things, and more things. It encourages greed and envy. Television helps create a wasteful society, where things are thrown out long before they are worn out.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Television research is an interesting field.
B．Advertising is effective in selling products
C．Television helps develop a culture of consumerism
D．The television industry should be better managed
2.According to the passage, researchers study television to ________.
A．learn about the types of programs
B．understand the culture of the society
C．decide which programs to export
D．measure how much it help to sell products
3.The writer uses the underlined sentences in Paragraph 3 to________.
A．argue that television images of life lack depth and meaning
B．warn readers not to spend more money than they can afford
C．show that television programs can advance personal growth
D．suggest that readers watch only high-quality programs
4.What is the writer’s opinion of television?
A．Television is the best way to advertise products and services.
B．Television mostly has had a side effect on viewers
C．People have a wrong opinion of television
D．It is the duty of television to help create a rich society
高三英语阅读理解困难题
Researchers study television to understand its effects on viewers and to measure its effectiveness in selling products. Much of the research on TV audiences is market research, paid for by companies with something to sell. Let me repeat; research on television is supported largely by advertisers.
The television industry depends on advertising money to run, and this relationship influences what television offers viewers. Advertisers aim to reach mass audiences and particular social groups. In turn, the television tries to meet the needs of advertisers, because pleasing the advertisers is nearly as important as pleasing the public. This means advertisers have a lot of control over what programs are made and when they are shown.
Television is the most effective marketing tool ever created. Many advertisement apply basic psychology（心理学）by sort of turning to our insecurities and desires. Ads convince us that the things we once thought were luxuries（奢侈）are now necessities. Television is highly programed as well. Using expert market research, programmers and advertisers sort to paint a picture of life centered on material possessions. This kind of life may look attractive and desirable, but it’s all at the expense of personal relationships.
As you probably can tell, I prefer to agree with critics（评论家）of the media. Advertising does create false needs, and products we really need don’t require advertising. Television advances consumerism（消费至上）. It shows us things, things, and more things. It encourages greed and envy. Television helps create a wasteful society, where things are thrown out long before they are worn out.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Television research is an interesting field.
B．Advertising is effective in selling products
C．Television helps develop a culture of consumerism
D．The television industry should be better managed
2.According to the passage, researchers study television to ________.
A．learn about the types of programs
B．understand the culture of the society
C．decide which programs to export
D．measure how much it help to sell products
3.The writer uses the underlined sentences in Paragraph 3 to________.
A．argue that television images of life lack depth and meaning
B．warn readers not to spend more money than they can afford
C．show that television programs can advance personal growth
D．suggest that readers watch only high-quality programs
4.What is the writer’s opinion of television?
A．Television is the best way to advertise products and services.
B．Television mostly has had a side effect on viewers
C．People have a wrong opinion of television
D．It is the duty of television to help create a rich society
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Dreaming is believing, claim researchers of a new study, who found that dreams have an effect on people’s behavior, judgment and they might contain important hidden truths as well.
“Psychologists’ explanations of the meaning of dreams vary widely. But our findings show that people believe their dreams provide meaningful insight into themselves and their world,” said a lead author of the study Carey Morewedge, an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University.
In six different studies, researchers surveyed nearly 1,100 people about their dreams. One of the studies focused on general beliefs about dreams and involved 149 university students. All students were asked to rate different theories about dreams. The experts found that a surprising majority of the participants supported the theory about dreams revealing (揭示) the hidden truths about themselves and the rest of the world.
In a second experiment, they surveyed 182 people at a Boston train station, and asked them to imagine one out of four possible situation that could have occurred the night before a scheduled airline trip. Most of the participants said that dreaming of a plane crash would be more likely to affect their travel plans than would just thinking about a crash, or being warned by the government of a terrorism risk. They said a dreamed crash would influence their travel plans just as much as learning about a real crash on their planned route would.
Another experiment involved 270 men and women from across the United States. In a short online survey, they were asked to recall one of the dreams they had seen about any person they knew.
The findings showed that people were more likely to remember and describe pleasant dreams about a person they liked, rather than a person they disliked. Meanwhile, in most cases they tended to consider an unpleasant dream as more meaningful if it was about a person they disliked.
“In other words,” said Morewedge, “people attribute meaning to dreams when it corresponds (与……一致) with their pre-existing beliefs and desires.”
The researchers say that more investigation is needed to fully understand how people interpret their dreams. According to Morewedge, most people realize that dreams are not predicting their future, but they still try to find some meaning in there.
1.. The purpose of the studies is to ________.
A. determine when people tend to remember their dreams
B. research whether dreams have anything to do with real life
C. find out how people explain their dreams and what impact that has
D. understand what causes people to dream and how to interpret dreams
2. According to the second experiment, what might influence people’s travel plans most?
A. Thinking about a past plane crash.
B. Dreaming about a plane crash.
C. Hearing a government’s warning of a terrorism risk.
D. Imagining a plane crashing on their planned route.
3.. What can be concluded from the study?
A. Dreams can be a useful tool for learning and problem solving.
B. Most people disagree that dreams help them better know themselves and the world.
C. A majority of people believes that dreams can predict their future and try to find their meaning.
D. When a dream conflicts with people’s existing beliefs and desires, they tend to attribute less meaning to it.
4.. Which kind of dream is seen as more meaningful than the rest?
A. A pleasant dream about a person the dreamer likes.
B. A pleasant dream about a person the dreamer dislikes
C. An unpleasant dream about a person the dreamer likes.
D. An unpleasant dream about a person the dreamer dislikes.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored --- and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs --- the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
women are helped more than men;
men help more than women;
attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
“Shifting of responsibility” --- the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people” there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
“Fear of making a mistake” --- situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
“Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention（介入）, much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved , and a fight would easily follow.”
Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “the British as a whole have some difficulty intervention, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety. These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”
60. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.
B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.
C. Religious people are more likely to look on.
D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.
61. Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?
A. Sex. B. Nationality. C. Profession. D. Setting.
62. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?
A. A man is more likely to help than a woman.
B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.
C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.
D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.
63. The author wrote this article _______.
A. to explain why bystanders behave as they do
B. to urge people to stand out when in need
C. to criticize the selfishness of bystanders
D. to analyze the weakness of human nature
高三英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbors ignored—and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs—the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
(1) women are helped more than men;
(2) men help more than women;
(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
(1) “Shifting of responsibility”－the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people’ there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
(2) “'Fear of making a mistake'’－situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an accident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
(3) “Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention (介入), much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved, and a fight would easily follow. ”
Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety: These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”
1.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.
B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.
C. Religious people are more likely to look on.
D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.
2.Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?
A. Sex. B. Nationality. C. Profession. D. Setting.
3.Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?
A. When one is in trouble, people think it’s his own fault.
B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.
C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.
D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.
4.The author wrote this article ______.
A. to explain why bystanders behave as they do
B. to urge people to stand out when in need
C. to criticize the selfishness of bystanders
D. to analyze the weakness of human nature
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists are making new studies of color and its effects on our health. They have known for a long time that the color of a room or the color of the light in it can affect our feelings and emotions. Many prisons and hospitals have at least one room that is painted pink. Officials have found that light and color can produce physical changes in our bodies.
Professor Falfan worked with a group of 9 disabled children at school in Albert. Two of the children were blind. The other seven had normal sight. The scientists changed the color of the school room, and then looked for changes in blood pressure, heart beat and breathing rate. The effects of color changes were the same for the blind children as for those with normal sight. Their blood pressure dropped from about 120 to 100. Similar changes were reported in heart-beat and the breathing. The children were also calmer and less excited. Then the colors of the room were returned to orange and white. Blood pressure, heart-beat and breathing rate went up and the children became excited again.
Professor Falfan said different colors produce different levels of light energy. He said the differences seem to affect chemicals in the brain that carry messages from nerve to nerve and from nerve to muscle.
1. Light and color can affect .
A. only one’s feelings and emotions
B. one’s energy
C. one’s mental changes
D. one’s heart-beat, brain activities, blood pressure, feelings and emotions
2. The color of pink had a calming effect, that is to say, the color affects .
A. the chemicals in the brain
B. the eyes
C. the skin
D. the muscle
3.According to the text, orange and white are colors which can make people .
A. calm B. active C. sick D. blind
13. The colors in the school room mentioned in the passage were changed from .
A. orange to white
B. orange to dark blue
C. orange and white to pink or some other colors
D. gray to more colors
4. After reading the passage we can conclude that .
A. blind people can be affected by colors, too
B. one’s heart will beat faster in a colorful room than in a white room
C. the chemicals in the brain change with feelings and emotions
D. if one’s blood pressure drops, his breathing will get slower and slower
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Watching television makes it easier for toddlers (学步的孩子) to kick and scream, according to a US study.Children under two should not watch any TV.The longer they sit in front of TV，the worse their behavior becomes.
Just having the TV on in the background, even if the child wasn't watching it，was also connected to troublemaking behavior although the relationship wasn't as strong, said the researchers.
“Parents should be smart about TV use，”researcher Jennifer Manganello from the University at Albany, New York, said.
“They should limit the time that children use TV, pay attention to the content of TV programs，and consider how TV is used throughout the home.”
The study looked at 3,128 women from 20 US cities who had a child between 2005 and 2008.
While there was some diversity(差异) of education among the women，onethird hadn't graduated from high school.
Twothirds of the mothers said their threeyearold children watched more than two hours of TV a day，and the average viewing time for children was around three hours.On average，the TV was on for about five additional hours on a common day.
After accounting for factors(因素) such as living in a violent neighborhood，scientists also found watching TV was strongly connected to behavior such as hitting others，having angry moods，being disobedient(不服从的)，and screaming a lot.
The researchers thought that children may see violence on TV，and spend less time on positive development tasks such as reading or playing.
The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests no TV at all for children at two and younger，and two hours a day or less for older kids.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Children should choose positive programs.
B．Watching TV can make children violent.
C．Children should keep away from TV.
D．Parents should watch less TV.
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Children can watch good programs.
B．Children will be affected as long as the TV is on.
C．It's OK that the TV is on if children don't watch it.
D．Children's troublemaking behavior is mainly caused by watching TV.
3.What can be learned about the study between 2005 and 2008 from the passage?
A．The women studied have different jobs.
B．The TV was on for about three hours.
C．Most women allowed their children to watch TV.
D．Most women studied hadn't graduated from high school.
4.Children who spend much time watching TV will ________.
A．become easily angry
B．be influenced by others
C．be popular with others
D．know more about the neighborhood
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
To compete more effectively with others，it is time that university students to study abroad after graduation.
A. tried B. are trying C. try D. will try
高三英语单项填空困难题查看答案及解析
A special committee of scientists___________ to study AI's effects on economy in the years ahead.
A.have established. B.will be established. C.are established. D.is establishing
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
According to researchers, money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else．
Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly bring you happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found.
Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably（适度地） happier when they spent money on others---even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier.
"We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn," said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia.
They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity（慈善机构）．
"Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not," Dunn said in a statement.
Dunn's team also surveyed（调查）16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus（奖金） of between $3,000 and $8,000.
"Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social（有益社会的） spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor(预示) of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself," they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science.
They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it．Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it.
"These findings suggest that very minor alterations（改动） in spending allocations（分配） --- as little as $5 --- may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day," Dunn said.
1.According to the passage,_____________.
A. the more money you spend on others, the happier you are
B. spending money on others can bring you happiness
C. Elizabeth Dunn is a psychologist from Harvest Business School
D. six hundred volunteers took part in the experiment
2.The 16 employees mentioned in the passage _________.
A. were given clear instructions on how to spend the bonus
B. had more happiness than the size of the bonus itself
C. experienced greater happiness after receiving their bonus
D. felt happier after they contributed much of the bonus to charities
3.Dunn’s statement suggested that ______________.
A．those who spent money on others felt happier no matter how much they earned
B．those who spent more money on themselves felt happier
C．people thought spending money could make themselves happier
D．the money spent was as important as the money earned
4.The best title of this passage is ___________.
A. Experiment on Money Spending
B. Devoting Your Money to Charities
C. Spending Money on Others Makes One Happier
D. Bonus and Pro-social Spending
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
According to researchers．money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else．
Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly bring you happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found．
Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably（适度地） happier when they spent money on others--even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier．
"We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn," said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia．
They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity．
"Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not," Dunn said in a statement．
Dunn's team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus（奖金） of between $3,000 and $8,000．
"Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself," they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science．
They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it．Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it．
"These findings suggest that very minor alterations（改动） in spending allocations（分配） - as little as $5 - may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day," Dunn said．
1.According to the passage,_____________．
A．the more money you spend on others, the happier you are
B．spending money on others can bring you happiness
C．Elizabeth Dunn is a psychologist from Harvest Business School
D．six hundred volunteers took part in the experiment
2.The 16 employees mentioned in the passage _________．
A．were given clear instructions on how to spend the bonus
B．had more happiness than the size of the bonus itself
C．experienced greater happiness after receiving their bonus
D．felt happier after they contributed much of the bonus of charities
3.Dunn’s statement suggested that ______________．
A．those who spent money on others felt happier no matter how much they earned
B．those who spent more money on themselves felt happier
C．people thought spending money could make themselves happier
D．the money spent was as important as the money earned
4.The best title of this passage is ___________．
A．Experiment on Money Spending
B．Spending Money on Others Makes One Happier
C．Devoting Your Money to Charities
D．Bonus and Pro-social Spending
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析