Throughout history, humanity has existed side...

The development of industry has been ________ gradual process throughout ______ human existence from stone tools to modern technology.

高二英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析

Throughout history, humanity has existed side-by-side with viruses and bacteria. From the bubonic plague to smallpox, humanity has evolved to resist these bacteria and viruses. However, there are now new ways for them to infect us.

Climate change is melting permafrost(冻土) areas that have been frozen for thousands of years. As the permafrost melts, so too the ancient bacteria and viruses that have been frozen. These ancient bacteria and viruses, which previously lay inactive in the ice, may spring back to life as the earth’s climate warms.

In August 2016, a 12-year-old boy in the Arctic Circle died and at least twenty people there were hospitalized after having been infected by anthrax(炭疽).

Experts studied and concluded that over 75 years ago, a reindeer infected with anthrax died and its body was frozen and trapped under a layer of permafrost. It stayed there, with the disease inactive, until a heatwave in the summer of 2016. The heatwave melted the permafrost and exposed the reindeer body, which then released the infectious pathogen(病原体) into the nearby water and soil, and then into the food supply. More than 2,000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected, which then led to a small number of human cases.

While you may think the incident is isolated to that area, the fact that long-inactive viruses and bacteria might wake up soon due to climate change will affect us all. Pathogenic viruses might be preserved in old permafrost layers, including some that have caused global epidemics in the past.

With climate change, who knows what deadly viruses and bacteria hidden beneath permafrost areas are threatening us. Perhaps it is time for everyone to do their part to stop global warming.

1.What does the underlined “new ways” refer to?

A.Ancient bacteria and viruses came back to life.

B.Bacteria and viruses have evolved into new types.

C.Bacteria and viruses become more resistant to medicine.

D.Ancient bacteria and viruses remain active in frozen permafrost.

2.Which is the right order of the case of anthrax in 2016?

① A 12-year-old boy died and many others were infected.

② Over 2,000 reindeer feeding near the body became infected.

③ The bacteria went into the nearby water, soil, and then food supply.

④ The permafrost melted and the bacteria in the dead reindeer woke up.

A.④ ③ ② ① B.④ ② ③ ① C.① ② ④ ③ D.① ③ ④ ②

3.Why does the writer write this text?

A.To introduce an ancient virus, anthrax.

B.To call on people to stop global warming.

C.To encourage people to study ancient viruses.

D.To warn of the danger of melting permafrost.

4.In which section can we most possibly read this text on a website?

A.Geography. B.Environment. C.Education. D.Medicine.

高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析

The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.

History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.

In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.

Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

1.According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism?

A.It introduces different cultural values.

B.It explains the history of artistic works.

C.It relates artistic values to local conditions.

D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.

2.In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____　　 .

A.great works of art can go beyond national boundaries

B.history gives art works special appeal to set them apart

C.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts

D.great artists are skilled at combining various cultures

3.According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____　　　 .

A.they are results of scientific study

B.they establish some general principles of art

C.they are created by the world’s greatest artists

D.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature

4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A.Are Artistic Values Universal?

B.Are Popular Arts Permanent?

C.Is Human Nature Uniform?

D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?

高二英语阅读选择中等难度题查看答案及解析

The remains of an ancient ape (猿) found in Bavaria suggest that humans' ancestors began standing upright millions of years earlier than previously thought.

An international team of researchers said the fossilized skeleton (化石骨骼) of a male ape that lived in the warm and damp forests of what is now southern Germany was quite similar to modem human bones. In a paper published by the journal Nature, they concluded that the previously unknown species — named Danuvius guggenmosi — could walk on two legs but also climb like an ape.

''The findings raise fundamental questions about our previous understanding of the evolution of the great apes and humans, '' said Madelaine Boehme, who led the research.

The question of when apes could walk on two legs has fascinated scientists since Charles Darwin first argued that they were the ancestors of humans. Previous fossil records of apes with an upright move — found in Crete and Kenya — dated only as far back as 6 million years. These apes are called Toumai.

Boehme, along with researchers from Bulgaria, Canada and the United States, examined more than 15,000 bones recovered from the archaeological remains found. Among the remains they were able to piece together were primate (灵长目动物) fossils belonging to 4 individuals that lived 11.62 million years ago. The most complete, an adult male, likely stood about 1 meter tall, weighed 31 kilograms and looked similar to modern-day bonobos, a species of chimp.

Like humans, Danuvius had an S-shaped backbone to hold its body upright while standing. Unlike humans, though, it had a powerful big toe that would have allowed it to grab branches with its foot easily.

Fred Spoor, a biologist at the Natural History Museum in London, called the fossil finds ''fantastic'', but said they would likely be denied or suspected by others, especially because they could challenge many existing ideas about evolution.

1.Where did the scientists find the fossilized ape skeleton?

A.Germany. B.Canada.

C.Bulgaria. D.Kenya.

2.What can we infer about Danuvius guggenmosi?

A.It was a species of chimp.

B.It lived in Crete and Kenya.

C.It could walk with a backbone.

D.It existed much earlier than Toumai.

3.How does Spoor feel about the finding?

A.It is the most fantastic one.

B.It is a support to evolution.

C.It may cause lots of debate.

D.It denies the previous ideas.

4.What might be the best title for this text?

A.Legend of Humans' Ancestors

B.The Secrets Uncovered from Fossils

C.The Oldest Example of Upright Ape Found

D.Recent Findings against the Theory of Evolution

高二英语阅读选择困难题查看答案及解析

Throughout modern history, there has perhaps never been a scientist as iconic (标志性的) as Stephen Hawking.

On March 14, the British physicist passed away at his home in Cambridge, England. Since then, many people have expressed their condolences on social media. Whether be was educating the world with his knowledge of the universe, or making fun of himself in TV shows like The Simpsons, it's hard to imagine what the world will be like now Hawking is no longer in it.

Hawking was an icon for many reasons, but he will be best remembered for his work in the field of science. Building on German scientist Albert Einstein's work. Hawking explained his belief that space started with the Big Bang, and will end with black holes. This proposal kicked off a series of investigations, including into the origin of the universe itself. "This complex set of law can give us the answers to questions like how did the universe begin," Hawking wrote in his 2010 work The Grand Design. "Where is it going and will it have an end? If so, how will it end?"

His work in science abide, he also managed to overcome many difficulties in his personal life. While studying for a postgraduate degree in cosmology at Cambridge University, he was diagnosed with motor neurone disease at the age of 21. His illness left him paralyzed and he was told he only had a short time to live. However, he went on to become one of the greatest minds the world has ever known. "I felt it was very unfair — why should this happen to me," he wrote in his 2013 memoir. "At the time, I thought my life was over and that I would never realize the potential I felt I had. But now, 50 years later, I can he quietly satisfied with my life."

Hawking leaves behind a great legacy. His signature book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes published in 1988, became one of the world's best-selling science publications. He inky no longer be with us, but Hawking will continue to inspire the world for generations to come. As he once said himself, "Look up at the stars and not down at your feet."

1.What can we know about Stephen Hawking from the passage? ______

A.He left us humans a priceless legacy, A Brief History of Time.

B.He was born with a disease which left him paralyzed.

C.He was well-known as an icon only for his achievement in science.

D.He always complained life was unfair to him after he became paralyzed.

2.The underlined words "kicked off" in Paragraph 3 can be best replaced by ______ .

A.answer for B.set off

C.put forward D.lead to

3.What is conveyed in the sentence "Look up at the stars and not down at your feet."? ______

A.Just do what you love and believe in, and success will come naturally.

B.However tough life may seem,be curious and there is always hope ahead.

C.Be determined and confident rather than keep feeling frustrated all day

D.You cannot improve your past,but you can improve your future.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change—to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.

Landscape(风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography(摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.

Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.

Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.

1.

Leslie's paintings are extraordinary because_______ .

A. they are close in style to works in ancient times

B. they look like works by 19th-century painters

C. they draw attention to common things in life

D. they depend heavily on color photography

2.

What is the author's opinion of artistic reality?

A. It will not be found in future works of art.

B. It does not have a long-lasting standard.

C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.

D. It is lacking in modern works of art.

3.

What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?

A. They express people's curiosity about the past.

B. They make people interested in everyday experience.

C. They are considered important for variety in form.

D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.

高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析

Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.

Landscape(风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s, Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography(摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.

Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.

Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.

1.The underlined word “poetry” most probably means __________.

A. an object for artistic creation                                    B. a collection of poems

C. an unusual quality                                                        D. a natural scene

2. Leslie's paintings are extraordinary because ________.

A. they are close in style to works in ancient times

B. they look like works by 19th-century painters

C. they draw attention to common things in life

D. they depend heavily on color photography

3.What is the author's opinion of artistic reality?

A. It will not be found in future works of art.

B. It does not have a long-lasting standard.

C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.

D. It is lacking in modern works of art.

4.What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?

A. They express people's curiosity about the past.

B. They make people interested in everyday experience.

C. They are considered important for variety in form.

D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.

5.Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. History of the arts.

B. Basic questions of the arts.

C. New developments in the arts.

D. Use of modern technology in the arts.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.

Landscape(风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography(摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom.

Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods.

Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings.

1.The underlined word “poetry” most probably means __________.

A. an object for artistic creation                                    B. a collection of poems

C. an unusual quality                                                        D. a natural scene

2.Leslie's paintings are extraordinary because.

A. they are close in style to works in ancient times

B. they look like works by 19th-century painters

C. they draw attention to common things in life

D. they depend heavily on color photography

3. What is the author's opinion of artistic reality?

A. It will not be found in future works of art.

B. It does not have a long-lasting standard.

C. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.

D. It is lacking in modern works of art.

4. What does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?

A. They express people's curiosity about the past.

B. They make people interested in everyday experience.

C. They are considered important for variety in form.

D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.

5. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. History of the arts.

B. Basic questions of the arts.

C. New developments in the arts.

D. Use of modern technology in the arts.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

The disease malaria(疟疾) has caused trouble to mankind throughout history. In the 1860s as the drug called chloroquine began to lose its effectiveness, malaria began to appear again in Southeast Asia. Every country in the world then poured huge amounts of human resources into discovering another anti-malaria drug In 1964, China put forward the plan to seek a breakthrough from among traditional Chinese medicinal drugs. There was no great discovery until 1981. When Chinese scientist Tu Youyou gave a speech titled" Chemical Research into Artemisinin(青蒿素)”. at an international conference of the WHO. The speech was regarded as a lifeline for malaria sufferers.

Tu Youyou graduated from the Medical College of Peking University. In 1969, just as the research into treating malaria had reached dead end, the 39 year-old Tu, in order to overcome this terrible problem, took on the job as head of a research team into this problem. The first thing Tu did was interview experienced doctors of Chinese medicine. Then she and her colleagues conducted various kinds of experiments on hundreds of kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs, including artemisinin. However, the results were disappointing: even those involving artemisinin, which had been universally well regarded, were less than satisfactory.

But later, when Tu found a relevant passage written by Ge Hong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420), it occurred to her that high temperatures destroy artemisinin's effectiveness: it needs a low temperature to work properly. The discovery pointed to a brand-new direction for Tu and her research team. Finally, in 1972, an extract(# R40) of it was found to be one hundred percent effective against the disease!

In 2000 the WHO announced artemisinin was a leading anti-malarial drug, and promoted it worldwide. So far, it has been playing a great role in the battle against malaria. Beginning at the age of 39, Tu devoted her fife-te-her reseach. In 2015, at the age of 85 and as the first Chinese scientist, she received a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. How did Tu manage to accomplish such a great achievement? You probably have the answer to that already.

1.What can be learnt about “chloroquine”from paragraph1?

A.It contributed to Tu’s great discovery.

B.It was discovered by experts in Southeast Asia.

C.It was a breakthrough out of Chinese medicine.

D.It used to be effective against the disease of malaria.

2.What did Tu Youyou do after reading a passage by Ge Hong?

A.She interviewed doctors to collect their experience.

B.She attempted to heat the extract at a low temperature.

C.She made necessary adjustments in each stage of her research.

D.She expanded access to the anti-malarial drug around the world.

3.Which of the following can best summarize the main reason for Tu's success?

A.You reap what you sow.

B.Actions speak louder than words.

C.Don't claim to know what you don’t know.

D.Live and learn through your mistakes or experience.

高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析

完形填空

Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they_________. Yet, all living things still show the__________of aging, which will eventually___________death.

Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity (成熟期), the cells of the body and the__________they form do not function as well as they____________in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less__________against disease and is more_________to have an accident.

A number of related causes may___________to aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not____________when they die. As a person ages, ________　 of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. ________ body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the________ cells may not be as workable or as capable　　 ________　 growth as those of a young person.

Another ________ in aging may be changes within the cells________ . Some of the protein(蛋白质) chemicals in cells are known ________ with age and become less elastic (有弹性). This is why the skin of old people wrinkles（起皱纹）and ________ . This is also the reason why old people ________ in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and　 ________ information that the cells need. Aging may affect this ________　 and change the information carrying molecules(分子) so that they do not transmit the information as well.

1.A. would　　　　　　　　 　 B. be used to　　　 　　　 C. used to　　 　　　　 D. used

2.A. function　　　　　　 　 B. effect　　　　 　　　　 C. affect 　　　　　　 D. sign

3.A. lead in　　　　　　 　 B. give in　　 　　　　　　 C. run into　 　　　　 D. result in

4.A. hands　　　　　　　 　 B. feet　　 　　　　　　　　 C. heart　　 　　　　 D. organs

5.A. do　　　　　　　　　 　　 B. has done　　　 　　　　　 C. did　　 　　　　　　 D. had done

6.A. energy　　　　　　 　　 B. protection　　　　 　　 　 C. prevention　 　　 D. power

7.A. likely　　　　　　　 B. probable　　　　　　 　 　 C. possible 　　　　　 D. alike

8.A. attend　　　　　　 B. lead　　　　 　　　　　　 C. add　　　　　 　　　　 D. devote

9.A. replaced　　　　　　 B. rebuilt　　　　 　　　　 　 C. recovered 　　　 D. rearranged

10.A. a number　　　　　 　 B. the amount　　 　　　　　 C. the number　　 　 D. a great deal

11.A. The others　　　　 B. Others　　　　　　 　　 　　 C. Another　　 　　　　 D. Other

12.A. old　　　　　　　　 　 B. left　　　　 　　　　 　　 C. new　　　　 　　　　　 D. other

13.A. to　　　　　　　　　 B. for　　 　　　　　　　　　　 C. of　 　　　　　　　 D. in

14.A. factor　　　　　　 　 B. effect　　　　　　　 　 　 C. reason　 　　　　　 D. element

15.A. for themselves　 　 B. of themselves　　 　　 C. themselves 　　　 D. on their own

16.A. change　　　　　　 B. to have changed　 　　 C. to change　　 　 D. to be changed

17.A. becomes loose　　　 B. is become loosely　　 　 C. became loosely D. is becoming loose

18.A. increase　　　　　 　　 B. shrink　　 　　　　　 　　 C. lengthen　　　　 　　 D. decrease

19.A. pass away　　　　 　　 B. pass by　　　　 　　 　 C. pass off 　　　　　 D. pass on

20.A. improvement　　　 　　 B. possess　　 　　　　　　 C. approach　 　　　　 D. process

高二英语完形填空中等难度题查看答案及解析