Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed –the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors
At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.
But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place.”
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution.”
No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.
B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.
C. The process of discovering DNA.
D. The race between two teams of scientists.
2.Watson was angry with Franklin because she ________.
A.took the lead in the competition B.kept her results from him
C.proved some of his findings wrong D.shared her data with other scientists
3.Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?
A. She developed pictures in dark labs.
B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA.
C. Her name was forgotten after her death.
D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.
4.What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
A.Disapproving. B.Respectful. C. Admiring. D.Doubtful.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题
Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed –the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors
At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.
But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place.”
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklin was only two steps away from the solution.”
No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.
B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.
C. The process of discovering DNA.
D. The race between two teams of scientists.
2.Watson was angry with Franklin because she ________.
A.took the lead in the competition B.kept her results from him
C.proved some of his findings wrong D.shared her data with other scientists
3.Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?
A. She developed pictures in dark labs.
B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA.
C. Her name was forgotten after her death.
D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.
4.What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
A.Disapproving. B.Respectful. C. Admiring. D.Doubtful.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.
In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.
When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella (伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.
If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.
1.Why do people in England often talk about the weather?
A. Because they may have four seasons in one day
B. Because they often have very good weather
C. Because the weather is warm just like in spring
D. Because the sky is sunny all day
2.From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.
A. sunshine and snow B. black clouds
C. summer and winter D. spring and autumn
3.In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ________.
A. their friends ask them to do so
B. it often rains in England
C. they are going to sell them
D. they are their favorite things
4.The best title (标题)for this passage is ________.
A. Bad Seasons
B. Summer or Winter
C. The Weather in England
D. Strange English People
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.
In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.
When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella (伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.
If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.
1.Why do people in England often talk about the weather?
A. Because they may have four seasons in one day
B. Because they often have very good weather
C. Because the weather is warm just like in spring
D. Because the sky is sunny all day
2.From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.
A. sunshine and snow B. black clouds
C. summer and winter D. spring and autumn
3."People can also have summer in winter." Means "it is sometimes too ______in winter."
A. warm B. cool C. cold D. rainy
4.In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ____.
A. their friends ask them to do so
B. it often rains in England
C. they are going to sell them
D. they are their favorite things
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.
In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.
When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella (伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.
If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.
1.Why do people in England often talk about the weather?
A. Because they may have four seasons in one day
B. Because they often have very good weather
C. Because the weather is warm just like in spring
D. Because the sky is sunny all day
2.From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.
A. sunshine and snow B. black clouds
C. summer and winter D. spring and autumn
3."People can also have summer in winter." Means "it is sometimes too ______in winter."
A. warm B. cool C. cold D. rainy
4.In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ________.
A. their friends ask them to do so B. it often rains in England
C. they are going to sell them D. they are their favourite things
5.The best title (标题)for this passage is ________.
A. Bad Seasons B. Summer or Winter
C. The Weather in England D. Strange English People
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It affects one in six people in England each week. That’s the rate of people who report experiencing a common mental health problem,such as depression. Whether temporarily down or depressed,many rely on antidepressants(抗抑郁药) to lift their mood. But they have a cost—one exuser said that they felt they were in a “chemical fog” and were desperate to stop. 1. what alternatives are there when you’re feeling truly blue?
2.Sarah,who had been taking antidepressants since the age of 17,is now off all medication and swimming—something that may be an effective treatment for depression. Apart from the exercise and companionship of swimmers,the cold water puts the body under stress. With repeated immersions(沉浸),the body better adapts not just to this physical stress,but mental stress,including the psychological problems of life that lead to low spirits.
Susan Calman relies on kindness to brighten her mood. The 43yearold comedian and author encourages others to use kindness to improve the lives of those around them. “It can be as simple as holding open a door for someone,or giving someone praise,or buying someone a packet of crisps while they’re feeling down,” she says. 3..
4.Woebot is a chat robot designed to support people dealing with problems by teaching coping strategies. One user,Nick Impson,explained that Woebot relieves the potential trust issues that can occur when talking to a stranger,even a qualified one.
Feeling low happens to everyone.5.you might want to try one of these methods and see if it works for you. We hope you’ll be feeling 8as right as rain again in no time.
A.When it does,
B.If you are lucky,
C.Or you could talk about it.
D.If medication isn’t the last choice,
E.How can we get rid of such mental problems?
F.In fact,anything that uplifts can make us feel better.
G.What about coldwater swimming to fight depression?
高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
About five to seven million people who lived in England spoke English at the end of the 16th century. Later in the next century, people from England overcame other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
Look at this example:
British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?
American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment.
So why has English changed over time? All languages change and develop when cultures meet. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. Then between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers improved the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.
1.When did English begin to be spoken in many other countries?
A. In 16th century.
B. In 17th century.
C. In 18th century.
D. In 19th century.
2.Shakespeare could use a wider vocabulary than ever before because English_______.
A. developed when new settlers came to Britain
B. was based on Germany during the 5th century
C. became the language for government and education
D. was spoken wide all over the world
3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. British settlers moved to America in the 18th.
B. It’s easy for Chinese people speak fluent English.
C. English once became the official language in India.
D. English was influenced by Danish invaders in AD 450 .
4.What showed the differences of American English spelling?
A. Samuel Johnson’s dictionary B. Shakespeare’s books
C. French ruler’s language D. Noah Webster’s dictionary
5.For what purpose does the author write the passage?
A. To settle English in many countries.
B. To understand English-speaking people.
C. To describe the development of English.
D. To tell people changes of American English.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The dirty, homeless man sat on the pavement, staring at the stones. He thought back more than twenty years to when he was a boy living in a small red brick house on this very street. He recalled the flower garden, the swing his dad made, and the bike he had saved up for months to buy.
The man shrugged impatiently, for the brightness of those pictures hurt him, and his memory traveled on another ten years. He had a job by then, plenty of friends and started to come home less. He did not really want to remember those years, nor the day when, because of debts, he had gone home planning to ask for money. He felt embarrassed, but he knew exactly where his dad kept the money. When his parents stepped out of the room, he took what he wanted and left.
That was the last time he had seen them. Ashamed, he went abroad, and his parents knew nothing about the years of wandering or time in prison. But locked in his cell he often thought of home. Once free, he would love to see his parents again, if they were still alive, and still wanted to see him.
When his prison time was up, he found a job, but couldn’t settle. Something was drawing him home. He did not want to arrive penniless, so he hitchhiked most of the long journey back. But less than a mile from his destination he started to feel sick with doubt. Could they ever accept this man who had so bitterly disappointed them?
He spent most of that day sitting under a tree. That evening he posted a letter which, although short, had taken him hours to write. It ended with:
I know it is unreasonable of me to suppose you want to see me ... so it’s up to you. I’ll come early Thursday morning. If you want me home, hang a white handkerchief in the window of my old bedroom. If it’s there, I’ll come in; if not, I’ll wave good-bye and go.
And now it was Thursday morning and he was sitting on the pavement at the end of the street. Finally he got up and walked slowly toward the old house. He drew a long breath and looked.
His parents were taking no risks. ________________________________________
The man threw his head back, gave a cry of relief and ran straight through the open front door.
1.Why did the man shrug impatiently (paragraph 2) while he was thinking of his childhood?
A. The thoughts made him angry.
B. He felt he had wasted time.
C. He was anxious to go home.
D. The sweet memory caused him much pain.
2.Why did it take him hours to write the letter?
A. He doubted if his parents still lived in that house.
B. He had much news to tell his parents.
C. He felt ashamed to ask for forgiveness.
D. He was longing to return home and felt excited.
3.In what order did the following events take place?
a. He took the money from his parents.
b. He bought a bicycle with his savings.
c. He was sentenced to prison.
d. He wrote the letter home.
e. He sat on the pavement.
f. He hitchhiked back home.
A. b, a, c, d, e, f B. b, a, c, f, d, e
C. a, c, b, d, f, a D. a, d, b, c, e, f
4.Which of the following best fits into paragraph 8?
A. Every inch of the house was covered in white. Sheets, pillowcases and table clothes had been placed on every window and door, making it look like a snow house.
B. The house before him was just as he remembered: the red bricks, the brown door and nothing else.
C. A colorful blanket was over the front door. On it, in large letters, was written, “Welcome home, son”.
D. A police car was parked in the drive way, and two officers stood at the front door.
5.The best title of the passage is _______.
A. Sweet Memory B. White Handkerchief
C. Abandoned Son D. Leaving Home
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
When the telephone rings late at night, most women guess it must be one of only four or five people calling. A sister? Maybe. An emergency? Possibly. A mother? Probably not at that time of night. Much more probably it is a close female friend calling to tell you that she has split up with her boyfriend again or perhaps simply that a good movie has just started on TV.
At a time when families are spread far and wide and marriages often end in divorce, friendships are becoming more and more important. Erika, a 32-year-old lawyer, is strengthened by her ten-year friendship with her married friend Jane. “I was very sick one night, so I called Jane at about 3:00 a.m. to talk about it,” she says. “She was very supportive and even came over to take me to the doctor’s the next morning.”
As American TV shows like Friends, which follows the lives of a very close group of young friends, have become more popular, many of us are beginning to see the value of such friendships. TV shows like this tell us that our romantic relationships may not last, but we need to keep in touch with our close friends if we want to survive.
A TV show called Real Women is about the lives and relationships of five former school friends. In this show, family, husbands, and work are all less important than friendships. One of its actresses says the show reflects her own experience. “Friendship is about commitment. I don’t see some of my friends for ages but when we get together, it is as if time hasn’t passed.”
This is true of Erika and Jane’s friendship. With Erika’s family 200 miles away,it is Jane who keeps a spare set of keys to Erika’s apartment and waters her plants whenever she is away. “Having Jane around gives me a certain amount of freedom. It is not the kind of thing that you could ask anyone to do, but she knows I would do the same for her.” Erika feels that because she no longer sees her family every day, she now enjoys a closer relationship with her best friend. Jane, who may move to a different city soon, is worried about leaving such a support system of friends. “My friends have more to do with my life than my parents and, therefore, I don’t have to spend a lot of time explaining things to them. Friends are more up to date with what is happening.”
1.According to the passage, a late-night phone call for most women is probably from .
A. a friend B. a relative
C. a stranger D. a doctor
2.TV shows like Friends tell us that .
A. marriages with friends often end up in failure
B. families and work are as important as friends
C. close friends help us face problems in life
D. friendship fades as time goes by
3.From the passage, we can learn that Erika and Jane .
A. live far away from each other
B. have been friends for 32 years
C. spend a lot of time explaining things
D. trust and support each other in daily life
4.Which of the statements will the author probably agree with?
A. A near friend is more helpful than a faraway relative.
B. Both marriage and friendship demand commitment.
C. However far away we’re, parents worry about us.
D. Long distance makes the hearts closer.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Research suggests that at least 64% of people now spend up to four hours daily of spare time in front of a screen. Just as TV watching has been linked to higher chances of being fat and getting diseases, this extra sedentary (久坐不动) time is bad news for our health. 1..
1.Choose outdoor activities over technology
When you're at home, make it a rule that you can't be online if the sun is shining. 2.. Then, after taking these healthy physical activities, you can pull out your phone or tablet, or take a seat at the computer. This rule should be fit for everyone in your family.
2.Limit social media use
According to some experts, the effect of technology on human relationships is worrying as technology has become a substitute for face-to-face human relationships. And Social networks have changed computer and mobile use for people of all ages.3.. Avoid aimless browsing (浏览) and give your time online a purpose: research holidays or catch up on the news of the day. Then log off.
3. 4.
Challenge yourself to read at least 30 pages of a great book before you check your computer or mobile phone. Pick the right reading material and you'll soon find you've discovered an enjoyable pastime.
4. Create projects for yourself
It's amazing how much you can achieve when you're not glued to (长时间盯着) a screen.5.Some suggestions are organizing kitchen cupboards, cleaning your bedroom. Then try to do one each evening.
A. Set aside reading time
B. Choose the suitable reading materials
C. Make a list of one-hour evening projects
D. Here are some ways to stop technology addiction
E. Whether it's Facebook or Twitter, limit the time online
F. The following are some ways to make better use of leisure time
G. Instead, you have to go for a walk, ride a bike, or swim at least an hour
高二英语七选五中等难度题查看答案及解析
First there was England. Wales was___1.__ to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people __2.__England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the_3._ century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". _4._ this was accomplished without__5.__ when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales __6.__. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by __7._ Ireland __8.__ in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was ________9. to the world in a new flag called ________10. .
高二英语单词拼写中等难度题查看答案及解析