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In the middle of the 19th century，a fever dream of riches beyond measure drew countless explorers west to the mountains of central California.Although the gold rush ended up being a bust for many who sought a fortune，some of those explorers discovered a natural treasure that would draw permanent settlers to Yosemite Valley in the following decade.
Vast wilderness，beautiful mountains，countless waterfalls，and abundant wildlife drew Native Americans to Yosemite roughly 10，000 years ago.The first non-native tourists arrived in the mid-1850s after reports from gold seekers told of an area of breathtaking beauty that no words were able to describe.
Fortunately，some of Yosemite’s earliest settlers recognized that Yosemite’s natural beauty and resources needed to be preserved for future generations.In the midst of the Civil War，President Abraham Lincoln signed a grant to protect Yosemite permanently，thus making it the nation’s first land to be dedicated to recreation and setting the stage for what would become the national park system.
One of Yosemite’s earliest ambassadors was Scottish-American naturalist and writer John Muir.After living in Yosemite for a few years，he helped define its proposed boundaries.He also wrote articles that helped lead to its official title as a National Park in 1890.He later co-founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to advocate for its continued preservation and protection.
Located on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in central California，Yosemite National Park runs across nearly 748，000 acres，almost 95％of which is wilderness.Around four million visitors come to Yosemite each year to camp，hike its miles of trails，climb its rock formations，and photograph its impressive sights.Are you ready to visit Yosemite National Park? Which of Yosemite’s sights would you most like to experience?
1.Which of the following best explains“bust”underlined in Paragraph 1?
A. Memory. B. Symbo1. C. Failure. D. Challenge.
2.When did the first non-native tourists come to Yosemite?
A. After it was discovered by gold seekers.
B. When the gold rush finally came to a stop.
C. Before native Americans found its beauty.
D. When it became a National Park in 1890.
3.What do we learn about John Muir?
A. He was the first to build the national park.
B. He helped set the boundaries of Yosemite.
C. He wrote to collect money for Yosemite.
D. He gave Yosemite an official name.
4.What do we know about Yosemite National Park?
A. It has been well preserved since the Civil War.
B. It was originally created to protect wild animals.
C. It used to be well-known for its man-made beauty.
D. It was once damaged by some of its earliest settlers.
高三英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
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Charles Dickens described __________ life in the middle of the 19th century, __________ period that is now called Victorian.
A. /; a B. the; a C. /; the D. a; /
高三英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.
These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can’t change your behavior by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It's more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you're a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you’ll probably do so, too.
The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.
Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward.
You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that'll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don’t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.
Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural networks inside.
To be an effective person, under this model, yo
u are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You're trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.
If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you’re probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don’t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.
1.Which of the following is the first-to-none element in the 19th-century character model?
A. Action. B. Capacity. C. Resolution. D. Enthusiasm.
2.The research at Duke University indicated that ________
A. One’s behavior is tough to change.
B. Habit has an unidentified structure.
C. Habit plays a vital role in one's behavior.
D. Both habit and will power are of significance.
3.According to the new character model, personal behavior could be altered through
A. techniques to break old r
outines.B. techniques to provide different physical cues.
C. cues to change all the former unconscious habits.
D. cues to manipulate
the habitual neural responses.高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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British families started going on holiday to the seaside around the middle of the 19th century. The 1. （invent）of the railways made this possible. The first holidaymakers 2. (be) quite rich and went for their health and education. The seaside was a place to cure people of illness. And doctors recommended bathing in the sea and drinking sea water. At that time ordinary working people had very little time off work. 3. , in 1871, the government introduced for “Bank Holidays”, that is national holidays. This allowed people 4. (have) a day or two out now and then, 5. gave them a taste for leisure and seaside. At first, they went on a day trip, taking advantage 6. special trip tickets on the railways. By the 1880s, 7. (rise) incomes meant that many ordinary workers and their families could have holiday ant the seaside. Welfare was reduced and cheap hotels 8. (build) for them. Holidaymakers enjoy 9. (sit) on the beach, bathing in the sea and eating ice cream. Cheap entertainment was on offer and holidaymakers went to have fun. Today 10. English seaside remains popular with more than 18 million holidays taken there each year.
高三英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
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根据课文填空：
Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic．Then three Germanic __34____ from the __35____ mainland ---the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes---- invaded Britain．They each had their own language and Anglo-Saxon developed from_mixing these languages with Celtic．At the end of 9th century, the Vikings,people from Scandinavian countries,___36___Damark and Norway began to invade Britain．They __37____with them their languages,which also mixed with Anglo-Saxon．The language they____38__is what we now call Old English．
高三英语单词拼写中等难度题查看答案及解析
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301. In the middle of last century planes began to be used to transport both passengers and goods. The underlined words means ____.
A．carry
B．put up
C．take up
D．Bring
高三英语单项填空简单题查看答案及解析
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The modern competitive sport of weightlifting originated in 19th-century Europe and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. 1. At that time, simple competitions were held to see who could lift the heaviest weight.
The first worldwide weightlifting championships were held in London in 1891. At that time, there were no female competitors. Today, the World Weightlifting Championships, organized by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), are held every year. 2.
Weightlifting as an Olympic event got off to an unsmooth start. It was not held as a separate event in the first games held in 1896, but as a field event. 3. The sport returned to the Olympics again in 1904, this time as part of the athletics program. Not until 1920 did weightlifting make its real Olympic comeback. The 1920 Olympic Games, held in Antwerp, Belgium, marked weightlifting’s debut（首次露面）as a separate event. 4. Previously, weightlifters in the Olympics were all required to compete against each other, regardless of their size. One-hand lifting was dropped from the sport in 1928. Various weightlifting exercises were added and later removed over many years until 1972. 5. The 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney saw the introduction of the women’s competition, although the IWF has held the World Weightlifting Championships for women since 1987.
A. The 1940 and 1944 Games were canceled.
B. It is a sport in which barbells are lifted competitively.
C. The 1900 Games had no weightlifting presence at all.
D. The championships include 15 separate weight types for both men and women.
E. The 1972 Olympic Games finally presented the weightlifting program in its present form.
F. The sport, however, dates back to ancient civilizations including China, Egypt and Greece.
G. The Antwerp Games also introduced one-hand lifting and weight divisions to the new event.
高三英语七选五困难题查看答案及解析
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At the end of the 19th century, one in seven people around the world had died of tuberculosis or TB for short (肺结核)，and the disease ranked as the third leading cause of death in the United States. While physicians had begun to accept that TB was caused by bacteria, this understanding was slow to catch on among the general public, and most people gave little attention to the behaviors that contributed to disease transmission. They didn’t understand that things they did could make them sick. It was common for family members, or even strangers, to share a drinking cup.
In the 1890s the New York City Health Department launched a massive campaign to educate the public and reduce transmission. The “War on Tuberculosis” public health campaign discouraged cup-sharing and urged states to ban spitting inside public buildings and on sidewalks and in other outdoor spaces. Changes in public behavior helped successfully reduce the spread of TB.
Disease can permanently change society, and often for the best by creating better practices and habits. Crisis sets off action and response. Many infrastructure improvements and healthy behaviors we consider normal today are the result of past health campaigns that responded to serious outbreaks.
In the 19th century, city streets in the U.S. overflowed with dirt. People threw their unwanted newspapers, food scraps, and other trash out of their windows onto the streets below. The plentiful horses pulling streetcars and delivery carts dropped urine and waste every day. Human waste was a problem, too. Those in tenement (租户)housing did not have their own facilities, but had 25 to 30 people sharing a single outhouse. These toilets frequently overflowed until workers known as “night soil men” arrived to deal with waste, only to dump it into the nearby harbor.
As city and health leaders began to understand that the frequent outbreaks of TB that swept across their cities were connected to the garbage, cities began setting up organized systems for handling human waste. Indoor toilets were slow to catch on, due to the cost and need of a plumbing system. Improvements in technology helped the process along. Following Thomas Clapper’s improved model in 1891, water closets became popular, first among the wealthy, and then among the middle-class. Plumbing systems, paired with tenement house reform, helped remove waste from the public streets.
Disease greatly improved aspects of American culture, too. As physicians came to believe that good ventilation(通风))and fresh air could help fight illness, builders started adding porches and windows to houses. Real estate investors used the trend to market migration to the West, encouraging Eastern physicians to convince TB patients and their families to move thousands of miles from crowded, dirty Eastern cities to the dry air and sunshine in places like Los Angeles and Colorado Springs.
Some of this influence continues today. While we know that sunshine doesn’t kill bacteria, good ventilation and time spent outside does benefit children and adults by promoting physical activity and improving spirits. This fresh-air “cure” also eventually transformed the study of climate into a formal science, as people began to chart temperature, barometric pressure and other weather patterns in hopes of identifying the “ideal” conditions for treating disease.
Public health emergencies have inspired innovations in education. Starting in 1910, Thomas Edison’s lab, which had invented one of the first motion picture devices in the 1890s, cooperated with anti-tuberculosis activists to produce short films on TB prevention and transmission-some of the first educational movies. Screened in public places in rural areas, the TB movies were also the first films that viewers had ever seen.
As we are seeing with the coronavirus today, disease can impact a community--changing routines and shaking nerves as it spreads from person to person. But the effects of epidemics extend beyond the moments in which they occur.
1.According to Paragraph 1, what might have led to the outbreak of TB in the US?
A.Limited access to treatment B.Incompetence of the physicians.
C.Unhealthy living habits. D.Poor governmental administration.
2.What result did the “War on Tuberculosis” achieve?
A.The gap between the rich and the poor widened.
B.It contributed to changes in public behavior.
C.Tuberculosis totally disappeared in New York.
D.Citizens finally found a cure for tuberculosis.
3.If you had been in a US city street then, you would have probably seen .
A.more horses traveling on roads than pedestrians
B.lifeless patients infected with TB on every street
C.dirty surroundings where bacteria were easy to spread
D.unfair discrimination from the rich against the poor
4.Why was it slow for water closets to become popular?
A.They were too expensive for the poor to obtain.
B.There were many drawbacks of the early models.
C.They often overflowed and caused inconvenience.
D.People in tenement houses resisted such a device.
5.What was the change in American population migration then?
A.The vast majority of urban citizens moved to the West.
B.More people lived in the West than those in the East.
C.Many fled to rural areas with good ventilation and fresh air.
D.Patients and their family were encouraged to move westwards.
6.Which of the following effects TB brought remains nowadays?
A.The benefits of outdoor activities are widely acknowledged.
B.People adopt the habit of regular temperature-taking.
C.Films have become the primary way to educate people.
D.Ideal conditions for treating disease have been defined.
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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Important change took place in the lives of women in the 19th century. When men went out from their farms to cities to seek jobs in industry. Peasant women had to take over the sowing, growing,and harvesting of the fields as well as caring for cattle and their children. When women also moved to the cities in search of work, they found that it was increasingly. separated by sex and that employment opportunities for women were limited to the lower-paid jobs. Later in the century, women in industry gathered mainly in cloth-making factories, though some worked in mining or took similarly difficult and tiring jobs.
In the 1800s, service work also absorbed(吸纳) a great number of women who arrived in the cities from the country. Young women especially took jobs as servants in middle-class and upper-class homes; and as more and more men were drawn into industry, domestic service(家庭服务) because increasingly a female job. In the second half of the century, however, chances of other service work also opened up to women, from sales jobs in shops to teaching and nursing. These jobs came to be done mainly by women and low paid.
For thousands of years, when almost all work was done on the family farm or in the family firm(家庭作坊)，home and workplace had been the same, In these cases, women could do farm work or hand work, and perform home duties such as child care and preparation of meals at the same time, Along with the development of industry, the central workplace, however, such as the factory and the department store, separated home from work, Faced with the necessity for women to choose between home and workplace, Western society began to give particular attention to the role of women as homemakers with more energy than ever before.
1.We learn from the first paragraph that ________ had been done chiefly by men before they went to cities to seek jobs.
A. mining, teaching, and nursing
B. sewing clothes and mining
C. sowing, growing, and harvesting
D. caring for cattle and growing crops
2.Domestic service because a female job mainly because ________.
A. women took care of children.
B. women took jobs as servants
C. men were employed in industry
D. men seldom worked in shops
3.we know from the passage that in the 1800s___________.
A. more and more women began to work in domestic service
B. women mainly worked as servants, nurses, and miners
C. service and industrial jobs absorbed more women than men
D. women enjoyed working as sellers, teachers, and miners
4.This passage is about ________ in the 19th century.
A. service and industry B. female and male jobs
C. women and their work D. female jobs and the pay
高三英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
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In the 19th century, the "coming-of-age" novel became popular. In these stories, we read about1.（hero）growing into maturity from childhood.
David Copperfield, by British novelist Charles Dickens, is a good example of this type of story.2.tells the story of a gifted boy of the same name, 3.goes through many challenges in hopes of becoming a successful writer. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was that it4.（model）on his own life. In the novel, he related early personal experiences5.（mean）a lot to him, including his work in a factory, his education, and his efforts6.（publish）novels.
The novel takes place in the Victorian era（1837-1901）and contains Dickens` eritiques（批评）of his society and the anxiety surrounding the relationship7.social classes. It describes8.darkest parts of British society in that time, especially the9.（pain）circumstances of many children.
Young David suffers for his goal, 10.does he reach his dream of becoming a successful writer？Read the book to find out.
高三英语语法填空困难题查看答案及解析
u are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You're trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.