A controversial new study has claimed that men really are more intelligent than women.The study concluded that men’s IQs are almost four points higher than women’s.
British-born researcher John Philippe Ruston says the finding could explain why so few women make it to the top in the workplace.
He claims the “glass ceiling” phenomenon is probably due to inferior intelligence,rather than lack of opportunity.
The University of Western Ontario psychologist reached his conclusion after scrutinizing the results of university ability tests taken by 1 00,000 students aged 17 and 18 of both sexes.
A focus on the factors such as the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept,verbal reasoning skills and creativity― some of the key factors of intelligence ―showed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average of 3.63 points higher. The average person has an IQ around 100.The findings,which held true for all classes and levels of education, overturn 100 year opinion that men and women average the same in general mental ability. They also conflict with evidence that girls do better in school exams than boys.
But Professor Ruston argues that the faster maturing of girls leads to them outshining boy in the classroom.
1. The report is mainly about ______.
A.a study that shows men are cleverer than women |
B.the “glass ceiling” phenomenon |
C.Professor Ruston’s theory on IQ |
D.the difference between male and female |
2. The underlined word “scrutinizing” in the fourth paragraph probably means ______.
A.making up | B.carrying out | C.examining carefully | D.looking at |
3. We can infer that the average woman has an IQ of ______.
A.a little less than 100 | B.100 |
C.more than 100 | D.96.37 |
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题
A controversial new study has claimed that men really are more intelligent than women.The study concluded that men’s IQs are almost four points higher than women’s.
British-born researcher John Philippe Ruston says the finding could explain why so few women make it to the top in the workplace.
He claims the “glass ceiling” phenomenon is probably due to inferior intelligence,rather than lack of opportunity.
The University of Western Ontario psychologist reached his conclusion after scrutinizing the results of university ability tests taken by 1 00,000 students aged 17 and 18 of both sexes.
A focus on the factors such as the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept,verbal reasoning skills and creativity― some of the key factors of intelligence ―showed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average of 3.63 points higher. The average person has an IQ around 100.The findings,which held true for all classes and levels of education, overturn 100 year opinion that men and women average the same in general mental ability. They also conflict with evidence that girls do better in school exams than boys.
But Professor Ruston argues that the faster maturing of girls leads to them outshining boy in the classroom.
1. The report is mainly about ______.
A.a study that shows men are cleverer than women |
B.the “glass ceiling” phenomenon |
C.Professor Ruston’s theory on IQ |
D.the difference between male and female |
2. The underlined word “scrutinizing” in the fourth paragraph probably means ______.
A.making up | B.carrying out | C.examining carefully | D.looking at |
3. We can infer that the average woman has an IQ of ______.
A.a little less than 100 | B.100 |
C.more than 100 | D.96.37 |
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study has found that graduate students are six times more likely to show depression symptoms 1. the general population. Researchers led by Evans, a scientist, surveyed 2,279 students in 26 different 2. (country). Approximately 40% of the surveyed graduates scored middle 3. severe for anxiety. Nearly 40 percent of the surveyed graduates also showed signs of middle to severe depression. It’s not hard 4. (understand) why life as a master student can drive some people crazy. Long hours in researching, social loneliness and feelings of not being respected 5. (complete) can break even the most motivated persons among us. When this situation persists, the anxiety and depression can become part of their life. The relationship 6. their teachers is another aspect 7. can deeply influence a graduate student’s mental health. Among the graduates with anxiety or depression, only half agreed that their professional teachers 8. (provide) real help. These unbelievable high rates of anxiety and depression, when 9. (compare) to the general population, are alarming and should serve as 10. wakeup call for the academic world, expert Evans says.
高二英语语法填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Here comes a great new book. It has claimed that people can lose weight by eating anything they want, but only during a set eight-hour period. The 8-Hour Diet: Watch the Pounds Disappear Without Watching What You Eat! is co-written by David Zinczen and Peter Moore.
They argue that staying up late and eating around the clock is responsible for the high rates of diabetes (糖尿病) and obesity. Our bodies can’t process the food we eat after these hours. These calories end up where they shouldn’t, around our bellies and butts (臀部). The book claims we can lose ten pounds in a week and up to 20 pounds in six weeks, and asks that we choose any eight-hour window for eating, such as 9 am to 5 pm or 11 am to 7 pm.
Staying up and eating late may be the cause of diabetes. Simply, limiting food intake to 8 hours gives people all the benefits—without having to worry about food intake.
In the simplest terms, the 8-hour diet is a way of extending the period between our last snack and our breakfast, giving our body the chance to burn away our fat stores for the energy it needs.
Restricting (限定) the time period during which we eat makes our body burn more calories in the day. So the longer we eat, the lazier our metabolism (新陈代谢) becomes. However, if we fit food intake into an eight-hour window, our body burns more calories day and night as well as preventing diseases, such as diabetes and heart diseases.
1.According to the book, people should ______.
A. eat as little as possible B. develop an 8-hour diet
C. eat as slowly as possible D. have more than three meals a day
2.If you eat breakfast at 8 am, you had better eat your last meal at ______.
A. 4 pm B. 6 pm
C. 8 pm D. 10 pm
3.The underlined sentence may mean ______.
A. if we keep fit by having enough food
B. if we take in food for eight hours
C. if we limit the food we eat to certain types
D. if we eat food within an eight-hour period
4.What’s the purpose of the passage?
A. To show people what to eat. B. To explain some habits on health.
C. To introduce a new book on health. D. To warn people of unhealthy habits.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Mothers can still offer comfort, even from a distance, a new study has found. The results show that simply hearing their mothers’ voice over the phone works just as well at calming the nerves of stressed children as a real-life pat on the shoulder.
The soothing(抚慰的)effect is most likely due to the release of the hormone(荷尔蒙), oxytocin(催生素), in the brain, the researchers say. This “love hormone” is known to quell stress and is likely to be involved in social connections, including those between a mother and a child.
Previous work has revealed that this hormone is released during physical contact with a mother. “But it’s clear from these results that a mother’s voice can have the same effect as a hug, even if she isn’t actually standing there,” said the researcher, Leslie Seltzer, a biological scientist.
Seltzer tested a group of 61 girls, aged 7 to 12, by having them make an unprepared speech and solve a series of maths problems in front of a group of strangers, sending their hearts racing and levels of cortisol—a hormone associated with stress—soaring.
Facing a challenge like that raises stress levels of a lot of people. Once stressed, a third of the girls were comforted in person by their mothers with hugs. A third of the girls watched an emotionally neutral 75-minute video. The rest were handed a telephone with their mothers on the line.
For the girls who interacted in person or over the phone with their mothers, the levels of the “love hormone” rose significantly, and the stress-marking hormone was washed away. This effect didn’t show up for participants who watched the video.
Seltzer is now testing the amount of oxytocin released with other communication methods—like text messaging—and hopes to see the research spread out from human subjects. “It’s not just us, of course. Lots of very social species have voices,” she said. “on the one hand, we are curious to see if this effect is unique to humans. On the other, we’re hoping researchers who study vocal communication will consider looking at oxytocin release in other animals and apply it to broader questions of social behavior and evolutionary biology.
1.Mothers’ voice over the phone can reduce children’s nerves according to the study, because ________.
A.children can imagine their mothers’ hugs on the line |
B.children enjoy their mothers’ voice and forget their worries |
C.mothers are good at comforting their children, even on the phone |
D.mothers’ voice can promote the release of the love hormone |
2.The underlined word “quell” in the second paragraph probably means “________”.
A.cause or bring | B.delay or direct |
C.stop or reduce | D.develop or train |
3. From the study, we know that ________.
A.the level of cortisol determines how stressed a person is |
B.the 61 girls were divided into two groups in the research |
C.the recent study had the same results as the previous one |
D.watching a video is the best way to reduce one’s stress |
4.From the last paragraph, we can conclude that ________.
A.text messaging has the same effect on oxytocin release as telephoning |
B.the effect of a mother's voice on oxytocin in animals is still not known |
C.the effect of communication on stress is unique to humans |
D.the research has been applied to social behavior and evolutionary biology |
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new study has found that it may be possible to train people to be more intelligent, increasing the brainpower they had at birth.
Until now,it has been widely assumed that the kind of mental ability that allows us to solve new problems without having any relevant previous experience—what psychologists call fluid intelligence—is innate and cannot be taught(though people can raise their grades on tests of it by practicing).
But in the new study,researchers describe a method for improving this skill,along with experiments to prove it works.
The key, researchers found, was carefully structured training in working memory—the kind that allows memorization of a telephone number just long enough to dial it.This type of memory is closely related to fluid intelligence,so the researchers reasoned that improving it might lead to improvements in fluid intelligence.
First they measured fluid intelligence of volunteers using standard tests.Then they trained each in a complicated memory task—the child’s card game,in which they had to recall a card they saw and heard.During the course, they needed to ignore irrelevant items, monitor ongoing performance,manage two tasks at the same time and connect related items to one another in space and time.
The four groups experienced a half-hour of training daily for 8, 12, 17 and 19 days, respectively.To make sure they were not just improving their test-taking skills,the researchers compared them with control groups that took the tests without the training.
The results, published Monday in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,were striking.Improvement in the trained groups was a lot greater.Moreover,the longer they trained, the higher their scores were.All performers,from the weakest to the strongest,showed significant improvement.
“Our results show you can increase your intelligence with proper training.” said Dr Jaeggi, a co-author of the paper.“No one knows how long the gains will last after training stops,” he added, “and the experiment’s design did not allow the researchers to determine whether more training would continue to produce further gains.
1.By writing the article,the writer intends to ______________.
A. inform the readers of a new study
B. call on people to be trained to increase intelligence
C. prove one’s born brainpower can be improved
D. tell people the improved intelligence will last forever
2.The researchers thought the key to improving the intelligence was ______________.
A. memorizing telephone numbers
B .improving working memory
C. training in concentration
D. recalling a card
3.The following aspects of the training help increase intelligence EXCEPT___________.
A. ignoring irrelevant items
B.monitoring ongoing performance
C.managing two tasks at the same time
D.using previous experience
4.When the experiment was conducted, the researchers______________.
A.trained the four groups for the same period of time
B.only made comparisons between the four groups
C.compared the four groups with control groups
D.trained the four groups together
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new study has found that it may be possible to train people to be more intelligent, increasing the brainpower they had at birth.
Until now,it has been widely assumed that the kind of mental ability that allows us to solve new problems without having any relevant previous experience—what psychologists call fluid intelligence—is innate and cannot be taught(though people can raise their grades on tests of it by practicing).
But in the new study,researchers describe a method for improving this skill,along with experiments to prove it works.
The key, researchers found, was carefully structured training in working memory—the kind that allows memorization of a telephone number just long enough to dial it.This type of memory is closely related to fluid intelligence,so the researchers reasoned that improving it might lead to improvements in fluid intelligence.
First they measured fluid intelligence of volunteers using standard tests.Then they trained each in a complicated memory task—the child’s card game,in which they had to recall a card they saw and heard.During the course, they needed to ignore irrelevant items, monitor ongoing performance,manage two tasks at the same time and connect related items to one another in space and time.
The four groups experienced a half-hour of training daily for 8, 12, 17 and 19 days, respectively.To make sure they were not just improving their test-taking skills,the researchers compared them with control groups that took the tests without the training.
The results, published Monday in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,were striking.Improvement in the trained groups was a lot greater.Moreover,the longer they trained, the higher their scores were.All performers,from the weakest to the strongest,showed significant improvement.
“Our results show you can increase your intelligence with proper training.” said Dr Jaeggi, a co-author of the paper.“No one knows how long the gains will last after training stops,” he added, “and the experiment’s design did not allow the researchers to determine whether more training would continue to produce further gains.”
1..The researchers thought the key to improving the intelligence was ______________.
A.memorizing telephone numbers B.improving working memory
C.training in concentration D.recalling a card
2..The following aspects of the training help increase intelligence EXCEPT___________.
A.ignoring irrelevant items B.monitoring ongoing performance
C.managing two tasks at the same time D.using previous experience
3..When the experiment was conducted, the researchers______________.
A.trained the four groups for the same period of time
B.only made comparisons between the four groups
C.compared the four groups with control groups
D.trained the four groups together
4..By writing the article,the writer intends to ______________.
A.inform the readers of a new study
B.call on people to be trained to increase intelligence
C.prove one’s born brainpower can be improved
D.tell people the improved intelligence will last forever
高二英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析
Recently a new US study has shown that couples who expect their children to help care for them in old age should hope they have daughters because they are likely to be twice as attentive overall.
The research by Angelina Grigoryeva, a sociologist at Princeton University, found that, while women provide as much care for their elderly parents as they can manage, men do as little as they can get away with and often leave it to female family members.
Using data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study, a study which has been tracking a cross-section of over-50s for the last decade, she calculated that women provide an average of 12.3 hours a month of care for elderly parents while men offer only 5.6 hours.
“Whereas the amount of elderly parent care daughters provide is associated with limitations they face, such as employment or childcare, sons’ caregiving is connected only with the presence or absence of other helpers, such as sisters or a parent's spouse (配偶),” she explained.
“Sons reduce their relative caregiving efforts when they have a sister, while daughters increase theirs when they have a brother.”
“This suggests that sons pass on parent caregiving responsibilities to their sisters.”
In the UK, the 2011 census (人口普查)showed that there are now around 6.5 million people with caring responsibilities — a figure which has risen by a tenth in a decade.
But many are doing so at the risk of their own health. The census showed that those who provide 50 hours or more of care a week while trying to hold down a full-time job are three times more likely to be struggling with ill health than their working counterparts (相对应的人)who are not careers.
1.What does the underlined phrase “is associated with” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.is faced with B.is related to
C.is filled with D.is fond of
2.According to the study we know that .
A.American couples are preferring daughters to sons a lot
B.sons are twice likely as daughters to care for parents in old age
C.having a brother makes women do their share less
D.men tend to take less care of their parents than women
3.Which of the following statements is true?
A.The number of people providing care has increased by 6.5 million.
B.More people have left behind their work to look after the elderly.
C.Many people who both work and care others can be threatened by health problems.
D.People shouldn't take much responsibility to care for the old.
4.What's the attitude of the author in the article?
A.Positive. B.Subjective.
C.Objective. D.Negative.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It’s common knowledge that there are many benefits to being fit, but one large new study found that skipping out on the gym is practically the worst thing you can do for your health. In fact, the study claims not exercising might be more harmful to your health than smoking.
New findings, published Friday in the journal JAMA Network Open, detail how researchers at the Cleveland Clinic studied 122,007 patients from 1991 to 2014, putting them under treadmill (跑步机) testing and later recording death rates. Researchers found a clear connection between a longer, healthier life and high levels of exercise. The report calls for health care professionals to encourage patients to achieve and continue a strong and healthy fitness routine.
Although it is widely understood that an active lifestyle can lead to a healthy life, the study concludes that a lifestyle which involves much sitting but little activity is equal to having a major disease and the simplest cure is exercise.
Dr Wael Jaber, co-author of the study, called the results totally surprising. “Being unfit on a treadmill or in an exercise stress test has a worse prognosis (病情预断), as far as death, than being a smoker or suffering from high blood pressure,” Jaber told CNN. “We’ve never seen something as noticeable as this and as objective as this.”
The study also took a look at the risk of being overactive and found that extreme exercisers do not face higher risk of death: the research found that the more a person exercises the lower their death rates.
1.Which of the following best explains “skipping out on” in paragraph 1?
A. keeping away from B. running in
C. jumping out of D. smoking inside
2.What do we know from the new findings?
A. An active lifestyle can lead to a healthy life.
B. The simplest cure for a major disease is exercise.
C. A person unfit on a treadmill is less likely to die.
D. One’s life span is related to the level of exercise.
3.What does Jaber think of the research results?
A. Impossible. B. Amusing.
C. Unbelievable. D. Uncertain.
4.What conclusion can we draw from the last paragraph?
A. Too much exercise will be no good.
B. A low death rate depends on an active lifestyle.
C. Extreme exercise is more harmful for health.
D. The rise of death rate is related to exercise.
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new study suggests that the more teenagers watch television, the more likely they are to develop depression as young adults .
The researchers used a national long-term survey of adolescent(青少年的)health to investigate (调查)the relationship between media use and depression. They based their findings on more than four thousand adolescents who were not depressed when the survey began in 2000.
As part of the survey, the young people were asked how many hours of television or videos they watched daily. They were also asked how often they played computer games and listened to the radio. Media use totaled an average of five and one-half hours a day. More than two hours of that was spent watching TV.
Seven years later, in 2007, more than seven percent of the young people had signs of depression. The average age at that time was twenty-one.
The researchers say they did not find any such relationship with the use of other media such as movies, video games or radio, etc. But the study did find that every extra hour of television meant an eight percent increase in the chances of developing signs of depression. Young men were more likely than young women to develop depression given the same amount of media use.
The study didn't explore if watching TV causes depression. But one possibility is that it was taking time away from activities that could help prevent depression.
Last December, the journal Social Indicators Research published a study of activities that help lead to happy lives. Sociologists from the University of Maryland found that people who describe themselves as happy spend less time watching television than unhappy people. The study found that happy people are more likely to be socially active, to read, to attend religious services and to vote.
1.The best title for this passage should be____________.
A. Teens, Television and Depression
B. Men Develop Depression Easier than Women
C. Media Use is Harmful to Adolescents
D. Take Great Care of Teenager's Depression
2.The result of the research seems to prove______________.
A. teenagers are more likely to develop depression than adults
B. other media uses do no harm to adolescents
C. TV probably causes teenagers to grow up with depression
D. those who watch no TV will not develop depression
3.We can learn from the survey that of all the media use
A. computer games are teenagers' favourite
B. most teenagers prefer to listen to the radio
C. teenagers enjoy watching TV very much
D. newspaper is not included in the survey
4.We can conclude that a teenager should _____
A. play more video games instead of watching TV
B. be active in taking part in outdoor activities
C. be more active in watching educational TV programmes
D. attend religious services and care for politics
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A new study suggests that the more teenagers watch television, the more likely they are to develop depression(情绪低落) as young adults.
The researchers used a national long-term survey of adolescent(青少年的)health to survey the relationship between media use and depression. They based their findings on more than 4,000 adolescents who were not depressed when the survey began in the year 2000.
As part of the survey, the young people were asked how many hours of television or videos they watched daily. They were also asked how often they played computer games and listened to the radio. Media use totaled an average of five and one-half hours a day. More than two hours of that was spent watching TV.
Seven years later, in 2007, more than seven percent of the young people had signs of depression. The average age at that time was twenty-one.
The researchers say they did not find any such relationship with the use of other media such as movies, video games or radio, etc. But the study did find that every extra hour of television meant an eight percent increase in the chances of developing signs of depression. Young men were more likely than young women to develop depression given the same amount of media use.
The study didn’t explore if watching TV causes depression. But one possibility is that it was taking time away from activities that could help prevent depression.
Last December, the journal Social Indicators Research published a study of activities that help lead to happy lives. Sociologists from the University of Maryland found that people who describe themselves as happy spend less time watching television than unhappy people. The study found that happy people are more likely to be socially active, to read, to attend religious services and to vote.
1.We can learn from the survey that of all the media use ______.
A. computer games are teenagers’ favorite
B. most teenagers prefer to listen to the radio
C. teenagers enjoy watching TV very much
D. newspaper is not included in the survey
2.According to the passage, what kind of activity may help prevent depression?
A. Playing computer games. B. Taking part in sports.
C. Listening to the radio. D. Watching movies.
3.We can conclude that a teenager should ____________.
A. play more video games instead of watching TV
B. be active in taking part in outdoor activities
C. be more active in reading and studying
D. attend religious services and care for politics
高二英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析