Scientists in Argentina have created the world’s first cow with two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk.
Genetic engineering was used to introduce the "mothers’milk" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires.
As an adult, the cloned cow "will produce milk that is similar to that of humans", which will prove "a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants(婴儿)", said the institute. "The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first in the world with two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk," said the statement.
In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. But the Argentine team said the Chinese only introduced one human gene, while their research involved two, meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans.
“Our goal was to raise the nutrition value of cows’milk by adding two human genes, which do good to the immune system of infants,” said Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin which worked with the institute.
Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute made all Argentines proud. She also said that she had rejected the "honor" of having the cow named after her. "They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more proper to call it Rosita.”
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A. The importance of genetic engineering.
B. Ways to improve mothers’ milk.
C. A cloned cow to produce human-like milk.
D. Advanced agricultural technology in Argentina.
2.Which of the following can best replace “more closely resemble” in Paragraph 4?
A. have more varieties than
B. be more similar to
C. have more nutrition than
D. be more different from
3.What can be inferred from Cristina Kirchner’s statements?
A. She was quite satisfied with the research done by the institute.
B. She considered it an honor to name the special cow.
C. She felt it improper to be named after the cow.
D. She refused to give a name to the cow out of self-respect.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题
Scientists in Argentina have created the world’s first cow with two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk.
Genetic engineering was used to introduce the "mothers’milk" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires.
As an adult, the cloned cow "will produce milk that is similar to that of humans", which will prove "a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants(婴儿)", said the institute. "The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first in the world with two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk," said the statement.
In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk. But the Argentine team said the Chinese only introduced one human gene, while their research involved two, meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans.
“Our goal was to raise the nutrition value of cows’milk by adding two human genes, which do good to the immune system of infants,” said Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin which worked with the institute.
Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute made all Argentines proud. She also said that she had rejected the "honor" of having the cow named after her. "They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more proper to call it Rosita.”
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A. The importance of genetic engineering.
B. Ways to improve mothers’ milk.
C. A cloned cow to produce human-like milk.
D. Advanced agricultural technology in Argentina.
2.Which of the following can best replace “more closely resemble” in Paragraph 4?
A. have more varieties than
B. be more similar to
C. have more nutrition than
D. be more different from
3.What can be inferred from Cristina Kirchner’s statements?
A. She was quite satisfied with the research done by the institute.
B. She considered it an honor to name the special cow.
C. She felt it improper to be named after the cow.
D. She refused to give a name to the cow out of self-respect.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists in Argentina have created the world’s first cow to own two human genes that will enable it to produce human-like milk, which is matchless up to now. It is a breakthrough in the area of clone.
Genetic engineering was used to introduce the "mothers’ milk" genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires.
As an adult, the cloned cow "will produce milk that is similar to humans" in what will prove "a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants", it said in a statement.
"The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first one born in the world that owns two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk," the statement said.
In April, scientists in China published details of research showing that they had created GM Holstein dairy cows which produced milk containing proteins found in human breast milk.
But the Argentine team says the Chinese only introduced one human gene, whereas their research involved two genes meaning the milk will more closely resemble that of humans.
Rosita ISA was born on April 6 and was delivered by Caesarean section because she weighed around 100 pounds, roughly twice the normal weight of Jersey cows.
Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin said "Our goal was to raise nutritional value of cows’ milk by adding two human genes, the protein lactoferrin and lysozyme, which can provide newly-born babies with anti-bacterial and anti-viral protection."
Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute "makes all proud.” She also revealed that she had rejected the "honor" of having the cow named after her. "They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more appropriate to call it Rosita.”
1.What can we know about Rosita ISA according to the passage?
A. It is as heavy as Jersey cows.
B. It is the first cow with a human gene.
C. Its milk has the same proteins as human breast milk.
D. Its milk has larger nutritional value than others’.
2. Lactoferrin and lysozyme in milk ______.
A. are good for babies’ health
B. help provide more milk from cow
C. can increase the production of milk
D. can offer more proteins in cow milk
3.We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.
A. it is hard to name the cow
B. honorable as it is, no women like the cow named after them
C. the president wants the cow named after her
D. Cristina Kirchner objects to creating the cloned cow
4.What would be the best title of the passage?
A. Scientists in Argentina could produce human milk
B. The cloned cow would bring about benefits
C. Scientists create cow that produces "human" milk
D. How was the cloned cow born?
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
On the very first day, God created the cow and said to him, “As a cow, you must go to the field, working under the sun all day long! And I will give you 40 years to live.” The cow bjected, “What? You want me to live such a tough life for 40 years? Let me have 20 years, and I’ll give the rest back to you.” So God agreed.
On the second day, God created the dog and said, “You’ll be man’s best friend, guarding his house and eating his leftovers. I’ll give you a life span of 30 years.” The dog shook his head. “Eating leftovers for 30 years? No way! I’ll give half back to you!” So God agreed.
Then, God created the monkey, saying, “Your job is to entertain people. You’ve got to do monkey tricks and make them laugh. And you’ll live 20 years.”“ Do monkey tricks to make them laugh? 10 years will do.” the monkey said. So God agreed.
Finally, God created the man. “You will be the man. All you need to do is to sleep, eat, and play, simply enjoying your life. And I’ll give you 20 years to live.” Thinking for a while, the man replied, “I can be the man, but I want to take all the years that the cow, the dog and the monkey didn’t want.” So God agreed.
Since then, man eats, sleeps and plays in the first 2 decades, marries and spends the next 2 decades like a cow, working very hard to support his family. Then when he has children, he lives 15 years like a dog, taking care of the house and eating whatever is given to him. And when he is old, he retires and lives 10 years like a monkey, doing tricks to amuse his grandchildren.
1.The cow refused God because he .
A. wanted to take the monkey’s job
B. thought 40 years was too much
C. hoped God could rethink about his offer
D. disliked the life God arranged for him
2.We can know from the dog’s words that .
A. he was very lazy B. he liked leftovers
C. he could live for 15 years D. he hated to be man’s friend
3.How long would the man live according to the passage?
A. 20 years. B. 65 years. C. 27 years. D. 90 years.
4.The tone of the passage is .
A. light B. objective C. serious D. critical
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
A team of Israeli scientists “printed” a heart with a patient’s own cells (细胞) first in the world, researchers say.
Past researchers had been able to print simple tissues (生物组织) without blood vessels (血管), the team said. The new development is the first time “anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart filled with cells, blood vessels and so on,” Tal Dvir of Tel Aviv University told The Jerusalem Post.
Dvir and his team reported the findings Monday in Advanced Science. The heart, about the size of a rabbit’s, is too small for a human, but the process used to create it shows the potential for one day being able to 3D-print pieces and maybe full transplants (移植), the team said. Because the heart is made from the patient’s own biological material, it reduces the chance that the transplant would fail, according to the research paper. The team used fatty tissues, then separated and “reprogrammed” the materials. The cells that become heart cells were then created.
The development is being praised as a “major breakthrough” in medicine and one that could help battle heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Patients will no longer have to wait for transplants or take medicines to prevent their side effects,” Tel Aviv University said in a statement. “Instead, the needed hearts, lungs etc. will be printed, fully personalized for every patient.” The research is still a long way off from clearing the way to transplant the 3D-printed hearts into humans, the team says.
Dvir told the news organization Bloomberg that the heart the team printed will need another month before cells develop full to beat. Tests on animals would need to be done before the technology could be tried in humans, he added. It would take a whole day and billions, rather than millions, of cells to print a human heart, Dvir told Bloomberg.
But Dvir remains hopeful. “Maybe, in 10 years, such printers will be seen and used in the finest hospitals around the world,” he told The Times of Israel.
1.Why is the heart transplant less likely to fail?
A.Because the number of heart donators has been increasing.
B.Because the transplant technology has been improved.
C.Because the heart is created with the receiver’s own cells.
D.Because every hospital has easy access to such printers.
2.What can we infer about the 3D-printed heart?
A.This heart can be transplanted into humans immediately.
B.This heart has been printed just for rabbits due to the size.
C.It made heart transplant much less difficult than before.
D.The new technology hasn’t gained much praise in medicine.
3.Dvir’s attitude towards the future of the technology is___________.
A.positive B.worried C.doubtful D.unclear
4.What is the text mainly concerned with?
A.The personalized heart transplant.
B.Heart 3D-printed using human cells.
C.A scientist discovering a new technology.
D.Heart disease, the leading cause of death.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Scientists around the world have been studying the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean known as El Nino(厄尔尼诺). The appearance of El Nino is known to affect the weather around the world. Scientists still do not completely understand it. Yet they now find they can use it to tell about the future in different areas of the world.
One example is the work of two scientists at Columbia University in New York, Mark Cane and Gordon Eshel. A scientist of Zimbabwe, Roger Buckland worked with them. They have found that when El Nino appears, Zimbabwe has little or no rain. This means corn crops in Zimbabwe are poor. The last El Nino was in 1991 to 1993. That was when southeastern Africa suffered a serious lack of rain.
The scientists wrote about their recent work in the publication Nature. Their computer program can tell when an El Nino will develop up to a year before it does. They suggest that this could provide an effective early warning system for southern Africa, and could prevent many people from starving.
1.El Nino is known as ___.
A. the changing of the weather in southern Africa
B. the warming of waters in the Pacific Ocean
C. the weather which brings drought(旱灾) to Africa
D. the weather phenomenon (现象)that brings heavy rains to Africa
2.Scientists study El Nino in order that ___.
A. they can provide a kind of early warning to the place that will suffer from drought
B. they can tell why Zimbabwe has little or no rain
C. they can do some research work in this field.
D. they can put all this information into their computers.
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Nature is the name of the article written recently by the scientists.
B. Three scientists from the USA work on this subject.
C. Southern Africa suffered a serious drought and many people died from hunger.
D. El Nino has something to do with Zimbabwe’s poor crops.
4.What’s the best title for this passage?
A. Appearance of El Nino is Predictable(可预测的) B. Drought in Zimbabwe
C. Early Warning System D. Weather in Africa
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
As if there weren’t enough of them in the world already, scientists have succeeded in cloning flies. The alike fruit flies are the first insects ever cloned, says the Canadian team that created them. The question everyone asks is why anyone would want to clone flies in the first place. She hopes that the insects , which are very easy to experiment with , will help to adjust the cloning process in other animals and even in humans, where the technique is being researched to aid production of therapeutic (治疗的) stem cells.
In cloning, the DNA-containing nucleus of an adult cell is injected into an egg whose own nucleus(细胞核) has been removed. At the moment, the majority of cloned mice, sheep and other animals die before birth. It is thought this is because the adult DNA is not properly ‘reprogrammed’.
Using flies, researchers might discover genes that are important for this reprogramming, and that have matches in other animals. That is because it is relatively easy in flies to knock out the function of a single gene and then attempt cloning with these cells, which will test whether that gene is important. If such genes are confirmed, then in theory cloned mammalian embryos(晶胚) might be grown in selected solutions that change the activity of those genes to improve the technique’s success rate. Although some groups have attempted to clone insects before, Lloyd says this is the first time it has been successful. The team used a slight difference on the standard cloning process: they transferred nuclei taken from embryos rather than fully-grown adult cells. They sucked several nuclei (pl)out of developing fly embryos, and injected them into a fertilized(已受精的) fly egg. From over 800 early attempts, they cloned five adult insects, the group reports in the journal Genetics.
1.The best title of this passage probably is _______.
A.The importance of clone
B.First insects are cloned
C.The disagreement in clone
D.The advantages of clone
2.The scientists cloned flies because________.
A.there are fewer and fewer flies in the world
B.flies are easy to find and cheap to use
C.they can gain some experience before cloning other animals
D.it is safe to clone flies
3.The failure of most cloned animals is due to _______.
A.the difference of other animals’ genes
B.the improper technique of clone
C.the complex of other animals
D.the improper rearrange of the adult gene
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
A.the clone of insects before used grown-up cells
B.the clone of insects were never experimented before
C.this time scientists cloned flies successfully and easily
D.based on this success, other animals will be cloned in large quantities.
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
Health and climate scientists have mapped how climate change affects different parts of the world in different ways. The scientists point to the fact that changes in the past thirty years may, have been affecting human health. Possible effects include more deaths from extreme heat or cold, more storms and more crop failures in dry periods.
The health and climate scientists recently estimated that climate changes caused by human activity lead to more than one hundred and fifty thousand deaths each year. Cases of sickness are estimated at five million. And the W.H.O. says the numbers could rise quickly by the year of 2003.
Jonathan Patz of an environmental institute led the study. Professor Patz points out that climate scientists connected global warming with the heat that killed thousands in Europe in August, 2003. But he says poor countries least responsible for the warming are most in danger from the health effects of higher temperatures.
Professor Patz says areas in greatest danger include southern and eastern Africa and coastlines along the Pacific and Indian oceans. Also, large cities experience what scientists call a “heat island” effect that can make conditions worse.
Representatives from about two hundred countries hold a meeting in Canada, to discuss climate change. The ten-day meeting ends on December 9th. It is the first such United Nations meeting since the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书) took effect earlier this year. The agreement aims to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other heat-trapping (吸热的) gases sent off into the air.
1.Who is Jonathan Patz?
A. A scientist responsible for the climate change.
B. A scientist in charge of the study of the climate change.
C. A professor interested in the climate change.
D. A professor who is a representative from an African country.
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Climate changes affect different parts of the world in the same way.
B. The ten-day meeting is the first United Nations meeting on climate change.
C. The Kyoto Protocol aims to make smaller the amount of heat-trapping gases into the air.
D. Poor countries are responsible for the global warming.
3.Possible effects from the climate changes include the following EXCEPT ______.
A. air pollution B. storms
C. more deaths from overheat D. crop failures
4.According to the health and climate scientists, climate changes have been caused by ______.
A. dry weather B. cold weather
C. human activities D. storms
5.We can infer from the passage that ______.
A. climate changes are having a bad effect on human’s health
B. Professor Patz leads the study of climate changes
C. a “heat island” effect large cities experience makes the matter worse
D. rich countries are most responsible for climate changes
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
Researchers have discovered the first Earth-sized planet. It was first marked by scientists' using NASA's Kepler telescope(望远镜), so it's called Kepler﹣186f. It lies about 500 light years from Earth and goes around its star.The planet is the right distance from its star for water: not too close or not too far. Water is one important condition that scientists guess is necessary for life. So it could have water and possible life. It's called a true Earth cousin.
"This planet is an Earth cousin, not an Earth twin," said Barclay, who is among a team of scientists reporting on the discovery in the magazine Science this week.
"It's very exciting to find a planet similar to the Earth,"Barclay said. "It's not easy work because things change as we get more measurements."
Scientists don't know anything about the air of Kepler﹣186f, but it will be a task for future telescopes which can study for chemicals that have something to do with life.
"It's possible for life to live in this planet, but that doesn't mean there is life in it," Barclay said.
So far, scientists have found nearly 1,800 planets in the universe.
"The past year has seen a lot of progress in the search for Earthlike planets. Kepler﹣186f is very important because it is the first planet that is the same temperature and is almost the same size as Earth,"scientist David Charbonneau wrote in an email.
1.Scientists have already found about ________ planets now.
A. 500 B. 186 C. 1,800 D. 1,801
2.Which of the following about Kepler﹣186f is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It could have water and possible life, so perhaps we might live there.
B. It's almost as hot as and as large as Earth.
C. In the future,scientists will study the chemicals of it by telescope.
D. It's an Earth﹣like planet.
3.What is the best title of the passage?
A. Space research
B. Journey to space
C. Is there water and possible life in Kepler﹣186f?
D. Scientists discover the most Earth-like planet
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
I have created these sentences to give you a chance to the world of English vocabulary and its hidden beauty.
A. select B. replace C. explore D. decorate
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
American scientists have developed the first material that repairs itself. The material is a form of plastic that has been engineered to fill breaks in its surface.
Plastics are used today in everything from airplane wings to hundreds of object found in the home. Scientists wanted to find a way to make objects made of plastic last longer. The researchers hope their new discovery can be used to make objects that are difficult or impossible to replace.
The surface of plastic objects breaks over time. Very small breaks develop every time a plastic object is used. The researchers wanted to find out how to stop plastic from developing small breaks that weaken and destroy it. They found the answer in the chemical structure(构造)of plastic itself.
Plastic is made of monomers(单体). These monomers link together to form polymers(聚合物). Polymers give plastic its ability to be shaped and its strength. The research team found a way to make plastic that contains very small balloons filled with monomer liquid(液体). When the new plastic cracks(裂开), the monomer liquid is let out and flows into the crack. Thus the break is repaired. The repaired plastic has seventy – five percent of the strength of undamaged plastic.
The new self – repairing plastic is not yet ready for production. But it has several possible uses. One could be in space vehicles where parts cannot be repaired or replaced. Another possible use might be in bridges. And it could be used in people, to replace bone joints that have become broken or damaged.
72.Which of the following can be the best title for the article?
A.Ever-Lasting Material Invented.
B.The Chemical Structure of Plastic.
C.Plastic that Repairs Itself.
D.Small Balloons that Makes Plastic Stronger.
73.We know from the passage that the repair is done as .
A.the cracked plastic parts are changed
B.the plastic is made
C.the liquid is put into the plastic cracks
D.the plastic cracks
74.The scientist are planning to use the new material in space vehicles, bridges and people because .
A.the plastic parts in them are required to last longer
B.the plastic parts in them are easily broken or damaged
C.the new material cannot be used elsewhere
D.they want to experiment in these places first
75.What can we know about the new material mentioned in the passage?
A.It is a kind of liquid that is commonly used.
B.It is more difficult to make than common plastics.
C.Its surface does not crack so easily as other ones.
D.It makes it difficult or impossible to replace plastic objects.
高一英语阅读理解简单题查看答案及解析