One genetic mutation(基因突变)occurs on average for every 15 cigarettes that a typical lung-cancer patient smokes, according to a study that has found for the first time all of the mutations happen during the lifetime of a cancer patient.
Scientists have completed a full genetic examinations of the genomes(基因组) of cancer patients, and hope the information will lead to a basic understanding of the causes of cancer—and possibly drugs and treatments—by making out the mutations that turn a healthy cell into a cancerous tumor cell.
They studied a lung-cancer patient who had about 23,000 DNA mutations in his lung cells that were connected with exposure(暴露) to the toxins found in cigarette smoke and had built up over his lifetime.
They also looked at a patient with malignant melanoma(恶性黑色肿瘤), the most dangerous form of skin cancer, who had got 30,000 special mutations known to be connected with exposure to sunlight.
Scientists believe this new finding into the genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs and perfect treatments that aim at the specific changes to the gene that cause the disease, as well as new techniques for discovering following cancers that have escaped from treatment in other parts of the body.
“For the first time, we have a complete map of all mutations in a cancer cell,” said Dr. Peter Campbell, who led the Cancer Genome project to work out the whole DNA system of tumor cells in order find the mutations.
A similar method was performed on the cells of a patient with skin cancer, which is how the researchers were able to show that the malignant skin cells contained changes that resulted from exposure to light.
“These are the two main cancers in the developed world for which we know the chief exposure. For lung cancer it is cigarette smoke, and for malignant melanoma it is exposure to sunlight,” Professor Campbell said.
1.What can the genetic examination of the genomes of cancer patients be used for?
A.To help the professors to win the Nobel Prizes.
B.To advance the study of reason and cure of cancer.
C.To make the medicine industries earn more money.
D.To help the cancer patients reduce their pain.
2.The underlined word in the third paragraph can be placed by_____.
A.smoke B.sunlight C.cell D.poison
3.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?
A.The lung-cancer patient had 30,000 mutations in his lung cells.
B.The genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs soon.
C.It’s the first time that people mapped mutations in a cancer cell.
D.Dr. Peter tries to invent a new drug with the DNA system.
4.What’s the similarity between malignant melanoma and skin cancer of patients?
A.Their smoking too much in daily life.
B.Their receiving too much sunshine.
C.Their refusing to accept treatment.
D.Their interest in travelling abroad.
高一英语阅读理解困难题
One genetic mutation(基因突变)occurs on average for every 15 cigarettes that a typical lung-cancer patient smokes, according to a study that has found for the first time all of the mutations happen during the lifetime of a cancer patient.
Scientists have completed a full genetic examinations of the genomes(基因组) of cancer patients, and hope the information will lead to a basic understanding of the causes of cancer—and possibly drugs and treatments—by making out the mutations that turn a healthy cell into a cancerous tumor cell.
They studied a lung-cancer patient who had about 23,000 DNA mutations in his lung cells that were connected with exposure(暴露) to the toxins found in cigarette smoke and had built up over his lifetime.
They also looked at a patient with malignant melanoma(恶性黑色肿瘤), the most dangerous form of skin cancer, who had got 30,000 special mutations known to be connected with exposure to sunlight.
Scientists believe this new finding into the genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs and perfect treatments that aim at the specific changes to the gene that cause the disease, as well as new techniques for discovering following cancers that have escaped from treatment in other parts of the body.
“For the first time, we have a complete map of all mutations in a cancer cell,” said Dr. Peter Campbell, who led the Cancer Genome project to work out the whole DNA system of tumor cells in order find the mutations.
A similar method was performed on the cells of a patient with skin cancer, which is how the researchers were able to show that the malignant skin cells contained changes that resulted from exposure to light.
“These are the two main cancers in the developed world for which we know the chief exposure. For lung cancer it is cigarette smoke, and for malignant melanoma it is exposure to sunlight,” Professor Campbell said.
1.What can the genetic examination of the genomes of cancer patients be used for?
A.To help the professors to win the Nobel Prizes.
B.To advance the study of reason and cure of cancer.
C.To make the medicine industries earn more money.
D.To help the cancer patients reduce their pain.
2.The underlined word in the third paragraph can be placed by_____.
A.smoke B.sunlight C.cell D.poison
3.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?
A.The lung-cancer patient had 30,000 mutations in his lung cells.
B.The genetics of cancer will finally lead to new drugs soon.
C.It’s the first time that people mapped mutations in a cancer cell.
D.Dr. Peter tries to invent a new drug with the DNA system.
4.What’s the similarity between malignant melanoma and skin cancer of patients?
A.Their smoking too much in daily life.
B.Their receiving too much sunshine.
C.Their refusing to accept treatment.
D.Their interest in travelling abroad.
高一英语阅读理解困难题查看答案及解析
We each have a unique genetic (基因的,遗传的) make-up. Every cell of your body has the same set of about 100,000 separate genes made of DNA. These are the instructions for producing a person. Genes decide everything from the colour of your skin to the way your brain works. You have one of several billion binations of DNA which e from the random(随机的,任意的) mixing of your parents’ genes. Except for identical twins (同卵双胞胎), no one has the same bination as another person. You are unique! You are unique in another way too: in the way you are raised and all the experiences you have from before birth to adult life. These experiences influence you, your behaviour and attitudes, and the choices you make.
But are genes or life experiences more important in shaping your appearance and personality? Scientists are studying twins to find out. One set of twins occurs every 70 births---some are identical and others are non-identical twins. Identical twins are special because they share exactly the same genes and often the same environment. Non-identical twins are more like ordinary brothers and sisters.
Some identical twins have been adopted and brought up in different homes. With identical genes but a different home environment, scientists can study twins to see how much a particular feature depends on the genes we inherit. For example, we know that eye problems, like short-sightedness, are mostly genetic. But resistance to pain is largely dependent on experiences. Genes also influence our eating habits. Identical twins brought up apart often like to eat at the same time of day and feel full after eating the same amount. Non-identical twins in similar circumstances have more varied eating habits. Identical twins are also more likely to follow the same patterns for marriage and divorce than non-identical twins.
Scientists are trying to identify the different genes that influence our behaviour. Some people are thrill-seekers and get into risk-taking and adventurous activities. They take up extreme sports like bungee jumping and possibly take drugs. Scientists have discovered a gene which affects this.
We could ask, “Are our lives determined by our genes or our upbringing?” Scientists are learning more all the time, but it is certainly true that both are important in making us who we are.
1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. We cannot easily change our physical appearance.
B. How we turn out depends on our parents’ genes.
C. Everyone has a physical double somewhere in the world.
D. Both our genes and our experiences make us who we are.
2.Why are scientists studying twins?
A. To find out how many twins are born every year.
B. To discover what shapes us as individuals.
C. To pare differences between twins.
D. To study brother-and-sister relationships.
3.According to the passage, __________.
A. one in 70 twins are genetically identical
B. non-identical twins are usually not of the same sex
C. twins separated at birth behave exactly the same
D. identical twins are genetically the same
4.Which of the following is most affected by experience according the passage?
A. Eating habits. B. Eye-sight.
C. Pain resistance. D. Marriage patterns.
5.What does the underlined “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Our love of sport.
B. Our attitude to risk-taking.
C. Our skill at bungee jumping.
D. Our ability to take drugs.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
The following chapters provide step-by-step instructions for practical _______ of genetic (基因)engineering to agriculture.
A. applications B. organization C. expression D. attention
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
introduce … to… for free donate … to…
prepare … for… on average inform … of
1.According to this research, ________ women live between five to seven years longer than men.
2.Before I open the letter, let’s _________ ourselves _______ the news, whether it is good or bad.
3.I think doctors should ________ the patients _______ the side effects of the medicine they take.
4.Peter, I want to _________ you _________ my family.
5.He has offered to do the job ___________.
6.Do you think you are willing to ___________ some of your time ________ the volunteer work?
高一英语完成句子中等难度题查看答案及解析
A. Every two months. B. For one month. C. In a month.
高一英语短对话简单题查看答案及解析
He goes to the gymnasium for physical training________day.
A. every each B. every one C. each other D. every other
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
Every morning a woman baked Chapati, an Indian cake, for her family and an extra one for a hungry passerby. She would place the extra cake on the ___(21)___ for someone to take it.
She noticed a hunchback (驼背) came every day and took the extra cake. Instead of expressing ___(22)___, he would mutter (嘀咕) the following words as he went his way: “The evil you do ___(23)___ with you. The good you do, comes back to you!”
This went on day after day. The woman felt very ___(24)___. One day, she decided to ___(25)___ him. She added poison to the cake she prepared for him! As she was about to place it on the window, her hands trembled. She threw his cake into the fire ___(26)___, prepared another one and put it on the window.
As usual, the hunchback came, ___(27)___the cake and muttered the same words. The hunchback proceeded on his way, ___(28)___ nothing about the fight in the mind of the woman.
The woman had a ___(29)___ who had gone to a distant place to ___(30)___ his fortune. Every day, as the woman placed the cake on the window, she offered a ___(31)___ for him. For many months she had no news of him and she prayed for his ___(32)___ return.
That evening, there was a knock on the door. Opening it, she was surprised to find her son standing there. His clothes and shoes were ___(33)___. He was starved and ___(34)___.
Looking at his mother he said, “Mom, it’s a(n) ___(35)___ I' m here. When 1 was but a mile away, I was so starved that I collapsed (晕倒). I would have died, but for a whole ___(36)___ an old hunchback gave me.”
As the mother heard those words, her face turned ___(37)___. She leaned against the door for ___(38)___. Had she not burnt it in the fire, it would have ___(39)___ her own son!
It was then that she ___(40)___ the significance of the words: “The evil you do remains with you. The good you do, comes back to you!”
1. A.door B.roof C.stone D.window
2. A.concern B.hope C.gratitude D.regret
3. A.agrees B.remains C.differs D.fights
4. A.annoyed B.delighted C.disappointed D.relieved
5. A.look into B.get rid of C.search for D.argue with
6. A.immediately B.fortunately C.purposely D.carefully
7. A.checked up B.picked up C.ate up D.threw up
8. A.asking B.answering C.knowing D.wondering
9. A.daughter B.husband C.relative D.son
10. A.get B.have C.seek D.tell
11. A.greeting B.hello C.kiss D.prayer
12. A.double B.happy C.safe D.warm
13. A.broken out B.worn out C.cut out D.thrown out
14. A.strong B.free C.happy D.weak
15. A.event B.miracle C.mistake D.surprise
16. A.cake B.egg C.meal D.supply
17. A.black B.green C.pale D.yellow
18. A.fear B.strength C.support D.weight
19. A.helped B.killed C.missed D.surrounded
20. A.valued B.recognized C.remembered D.realized
高一英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
As a teacher, my daily activity involves driving to a new school almost every day.
On one particular day during my lunch break, I drove to a nearby square to get a coffee. Upon returning to the 36, I realized I had locked my phone and my 37 inside! I had about 15 minutes to get back to the 38. So I hurried into a McDonald’s in the same square, and asked the man at the counter, who happened to be the 39, to call a taxi for me. After I 40 explained my situation to him, he rushed inside to make the phone while I waited anxiously in the restaurant. I had less than 10 minutes to 41 to my school at this point.
A moment later, the manager returned only to tell me that the line was 42, and that he had not been able to 43 the taxi yet. I think both 44 and fear could be seen in my face.
Without a thought, he grabbed his coat and 45 to drive me to the school. Without hesitation, I followed him into his car and got back to the classroom with two minutes to 46 before the bell rang!
This experience made me 47 that out of every seemingly hopeless situation, there is the opportunity for acts of kindness to happen, which has an unimaginable influence on those who receive them.
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高一英语完型填空中等难度题查看答案及解析
The United States estimates that about one out of every 10 people on the planet today is at least 60 years old. By 2050, it’s projected to be one out of 5. This means that not only will there be more old people, but there will be relatively fewer young people to support them.
Professor Richard Lee of the University of California at Berkeley says this aging of the world has a great effect on economics. “Population aging increases the concentration of population in the older ages and therefore it is costly,” he said.
Aging populations consume (消耗) more and produce less. With more people living longer, it could get expensive. But Mr. Lee says with continuing increases in worker productivity and smart planning, it can be manageable.
Societies have different methods for caring for the elderly, but each carries a cost. Generally, there are three types of support. Seniors can live off the wealth they gained when they were younger. They can rely on their family to take care of them, or they can rely on the government.
In industrialized nations, governments created publicly-funded (公共资助的) support systems. These worked relatively well until recent years, when aging population growth in places like the United States and Western Europe began to gradually weaken the systems’ finances. These nations now face some tough choices. Mr. Lee says the elderly in some of these countries must either receive less money, retire later or increase taxes to make the system continuable.
Most developing nations haven’t built this type of government-funded support, but have instead relied on families to care for their elderly. These nations also generally have a much younger population, which means their situation is not as urgent as more developed nations. But Mr. Lee says that doesn’t mean they can ignore the issue. “Third World countries should give very careful thought to this process, to population aging and how it may affect their economies — now, before population aging even becomes an issue,” he explained.
1.“Aging” in this text means ___________________ .
A. there are more young people than old people
B. an increasing number of old people are dying
C. more and more young people are growing old
D. the percentage of old people in the world is increasing
2. What is Professor Richard Lee’s attitude towards population aging?
A. Indifferent. B. Negative.
C. Optimistic. D. Worried.
3.The publicly-funded support systems in industrialized nations___________________.
A. are facing the risk of failing
B. have failed to provide support for the old
C. will be replaced by other support systems
D. have greatly affected the nations’ economies
4. We can infer from the text that developing nations___________________.
A. don’t see population aging as an issue
B. should prepare for population aging.
C. are facing urgent situations of population aging
D. have better ways to deal with population aging.
高一英语阅读理解中等难度题查看答案及解析
It’s impossible for all the people to get jobs because ______of them is not fit for them.
A.every one B.all C.not all D.none
高一英语单项填空中等难度题查看答案及解析